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Dove R, Wolfe ER, Stewart NU, Coleman A, Chavez SH, Ballhorn DJ. Root nodules of red alder (Alnus rubra) and sitka alder (Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata) are inhabited by taxonomically diverse cultivable microbial endophytes. Microbiologyopen 2024; 13:e1422. [PMID: 38847331 PMCID: PMC11157421 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The root nodules of actinorhizal plants are home to nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbionts, known as Frankia, along with a small percentage of other microorganisms. These include fungal endophytes and non-Frankia bacteria. The taxonomic and functional diversity of the microbial consortia within these root nodules is not well understood. In this study, we surveyed and analyzed the cultivable, non-Frankia fungal and bacterial endophytes of root nodules from red and Sitka alder trees that grow together. We examined their taxonomic diversity, co-occurrence, differences between hosts, and potential functional roles. For the first time, we are reporting numerous fungal endophytes of alder root nodules. These include Sporothrix guttuliformis, Fontanospora sp., Cadophora melinii, an unclassified Cadophora, Ilyonectria destructans, an unclassified Gibberella, Nectria ramulariae, an unclassified Trichoderma, Mycosphaerella tassiana, an unclassified Talaromyces, Coniochaeta sp., and Sistotrema brinkmanii. We are also reporting several bacterial genera for the first time: Collimonas, Psychrobacillus, and Phyllobacterium. Additionally, we are reporting the genus Serratia for the second time, with the first report having been recently published in 2023. Pseudomonas was the most frequently isolated bacterial genus and was found to co-inhabit individual nodules with both fungi and bacteria. We found that the communities of fungal endophytes differed by host species, while the communities of bacterial endophytes did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Dove
- Portland State University Biology DepartmentPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Emily R. Wolfe
- Portland State University Biology DepartmentPortlandOregonUSA
- Portland State UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Nathan U. Stewart
- Portland State University Biology DepartmentPortlandOregonUSA
- Portland State UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Abigail Coleman
- Portland State University Biology DepartmentPortlandOregonUSA
- Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Sara Herrejon Chavez
- Portland State University Biology DepartmentPortlandOregonUSA
- University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daniel J. Ballhorn
- Portland State University Biology DepartmentPortlandOregonUSA
- Portland State UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
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Zhao P, Gao G, Ding G, Zhang Y, Ren Y. Fungal complexity and stability across afforestation areas in changing desert environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169398. [PMID: 38114026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The great achievements in combating desertification are attributed to large-scale afforestation, yet we lack verification of how the stability of the fungal community changes in afforestation areas in desert environments. Here, we present the fungal network structure from different niches (root and bulk soil) of plantations of Mongolian pine, a crucial species for afforestation introduced widely in desertification regions. We assessed changes in community complexity and stability of root-associated fungi (RAF) and soil fungi (SF) among different introduction sites: the Hulunbuir Desert (HB), the Horqin Desert (HQ) and the Mu Us Desert (MU). To illuminate the complexity and stability of the fungal network, the differences in topological properties, fungal function, and vegetation and environmental factors between introduction sites were fully considered. We showed that (1) the SF networks had more nodes and edges than the RAF networks. There was a lower ratio of negative:positive cohesion of RAF networks in HB and MU. For SF but not for RAF, across the three introduction sites, a higher modularity and ratio of negative:positive cohesion indicated higher stability. (2) Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi were the dominant functional group in the RAF network (especially in HQ), and were only significantly correlated with vegetation factor. There was a higher relative abundance and number of OTUs of saprophytic fungi in the SF network and they showed positive correlations with soil nutrients. (3) RAF and SF network complexity and stability showed different responses to environmental and vegetation variables. The key determinant of the complexity and stability of the SF networks in Mongolian pine plantations was soil nutrients, followed by climate conditions. The composition and structure of the RAF community was closely related to host plants. Therefore, clarifying the complexity and stability of fungal communities in afforestation areas in changing desert environments is helpful for understanding the interactions between the environment, plants and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Zhao
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guanglei Gao
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Guodong Ding
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Topilina YS, Luk'yanova EA, Glukhova LB, Shurupova MN, Gerasimchuk AL, Frank YA, Antsiferov DV. Beneficial Effect of the New Leptodophora sp. Strain on Development of Blueberry Microclones in the Process of Their Adaptation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1406. [PMID: 37374907 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper searches for new solutions for the development of highbush blueberry orchards (Vaccinium corymbosum L. (1753)) in Western Siberia. All species of the genus Vaccinium display special symbiotic mycorrhizal associations with root systems-ericoid mycorrhiza, which essentially enhances the formation of adventitious and lateral roots. For the first time, we obtained pure cultures of micromycetes associated with the roots of wild species of the family Ericaceae in the Tomsk region, Russia. With regard to the data of molecular genetic analysis of the ITS region sequence, we selected the BR2-1 isolate based on its morphophysiological traits, which was assigned to the genus Leptodophora. Representatives of this genus typically enter into symbiotic relationships with heathers to form ericoid mycorrhizae. We studied the effect of strain BR2-1 on the development of microclones of the highbush blueberry var. Nord blue during their in vitro adaptation and showed its beneficial effect on growth and shoot formation in young plants. Experiments performed using submerged and solid-state methods showed that the most optimal method for commercial production of BR2-1 is cultivation on grain sterilized by boiling, followed by spore washing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia S Topilina
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenina Ave., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- LLC Darwin, Str. Vysockogo Vladimira, 28, 634040 Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Lubov B Glukhova
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenina Ave., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- LLC Darwin, Str. Vysockogo Vladimira, 28, 634040 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Margarita N Shurupova
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenina Ave., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anna L Gerasimchuk
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenina Ave., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yulia A Frank
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenina Ave., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- LLC Darwin, Str. Vysockogo Vladimira, 28, 634040 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Antsiferov
- Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenina Ave., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- LLC Darwin, Str. Vysockogo Vladimira, 28, 634040 Tomsk, Russia
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4
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Travadon R, Lawrence DP, Moyer MM, Fujiyoshi PT, Baumgartner K. Fungal species associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Washington wine grapes and California table grapes, with novelties in the genera Cadophora, Cytospora, and Sporocadus. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:1018140. [PMID: 37746176 PMCID: PMC10512239 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.1018140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases cause serious economic losses to grape growers worldwide. The identification of the causal fungi is critical to implementing appropriate management strategies. Through a culture-based approach, we identified the fungal species composition associated with symptomatic grapevines from wine grapes in southeastern Washington and table grapes in the southern San Joaquin Valley of California, two regions with contrasting winter climates. Species were confirmed through molecular identification, sequencing two to six gene regions per isolate. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses were used to identify novel species. We identified 36 species from 112 isolates, with a combination of species that are new to science, are known causal fungi of grapevine trunk diseases, or are known causal fungi of diseases of other woody plants. The novel species Cadophora columbiana, Cytospora macropycnidia, Cytospora yakimana, and Sporocadus incarnatus are formally described and introduced, six species are newly reported from North America, and grape is reported as a new host for three species. Six species were shared between the two regions: Cytospora viticola, Diatrype stigma, Diplodia seriata, Kalmusia variispora, Phaeoacremonium minimum, and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. Dominating the fungal community in Washington wine grape vineyards were species in the fungal families Diatrypaceae, Cytosporaceae and Sporocadaceae, whereas in California table grape vineyards, the dominant species were in the families Diatrypaceae, Togniniaceae, Phaeomoniellaceae and Hymenochaetaceae. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that 10 isolates caused wood discoloration similar to symptomatic wood from which they were originally isolated. Growth rates at temperatures from 5 to 35°C of 10 isolates per region, suggest that adaptation to local climate might explain their distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Daniel P. Lawrence
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Michelle M. Moyer
- Department of Horticulture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, United States
| | - Phillip T. Fujiyoshi
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kendra Baumgartner
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, United States
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5
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Zhang B, Li X, Li G, Wang QM, Wang M. Cadophora species from marine glaciers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: an example of unsuspected hidden biodiversity. IMA Fungus 2022; 13:15. [PMID: 36064458 PMCID: PMC9446811 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-022-00102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Large numbers of marine glaciers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are especially sensitive to changes of climate and surface conditions. They have suffered fast accumulation and melting and retreated quickly in recent years. In 2017, we surveyed the cold-adapted fungi in these unique habitats and obtained 1208 fungal strains. Based on preliminary analysis of ITS sequences, 41 isolates belonging to the genus Cadophora were detected. As one of the most frequently encountered genera, the Cadophora isolates were studied in detail. Two phylogenetic trees were constructed: one was based on the partial large subunit nrDNA (LSU) to infer taxonomic placement of our isolates and the other was based on multi-locus sequences of LSU, ITS, TUB and TEF-1α to investigate more exact phylogenetic relationships between Cadophora and allied genera. Combined with morphological characteristics, nine Cadophora species were determined, including seven new to science. Among the new species, only C. inflata produces holoblastic conidia and all the others express phialidic conidiogenesis. All isolates have optimum growth temperature at 20 °C or 25 °C. With more species involved, the currently circumscribed genus became obviously paraphyletic. All members are clustered into two main clades: one clade mainly includes most of the Cadophora species which have phialidic conidiogenesis and we refer to as ‘Cadophora s. str.’; the remaining Cadophora species have multiform conidiogenesis and are clustered in the second clade, with members of other genera in Ploettnerulaceae interspersed among the subclades. The results show a high diversity of Cadophora from marine glaciers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and most of them are novel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Science and Technology Division, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Guojie Li
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Qi-Ming Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China.
| | - Manman Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China.
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6
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Mesny F, Miyauchi S, Thiergart T, Pickel B, Atanasova L, Karlsson M, Hüttel B, Barry KW, Haridas S, Chen C, Bauer D, Andreopoulos W, Pangilinan J, LaButti K, Riley R, Lipzen A, Clum A, Drula E, Henrissat B, Kohler A, Grigoriev IV, Martin FM, Hacquard S. Genetic determinants of endophytism in the Arabidopsis root mycobiome. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7227. [PMID: 34893598 PMCID: PMC8664821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The roots of Arabidopsis thaliana host diverse fungal communities that affect plant health and disease states. Here, we sequence the genomes of 41 fungal isolates representative of the A. thaliana root mycobiota for comparative analysis with other 79 plant-associated fungi. Our analyses indicate that root mycobiota members evolved from ancestors with diverse lifestyles and retain large repertoires of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) and effector-like small secreted proteins. We identify a set of 84 gene families associated with endophytism, including genes encoding PCWDEs acting on xylan (family GH10) and cellulose (family AA9). Transcripts encoding these enzymes are also part of a conserved transcriptional program activated by phylogenetically-distant mycobiota members upon host contact. Recolonization experiments with individual fungi indicate that strains with detrimental effects in mono-association with the host colonize roots more aggressively than those with beneficial activities, and dominate in natural root samples. Furthermore, we show that the pectin-degrading enzyme family PL1_7 links aggressiveness of endophytic colonization to plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantin Mesny
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shingo Miyauchi
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Université de Lorraine, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est-Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Thorsten Thiergart
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Brigitte Pickel
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lea Atanasova
- Research division of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bruno Hüttel
- Max Planck Genome Centre Cologne, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerrie W Barry
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sajeet Haridas
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cindy Chen
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Diane Bauer
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William Andreopoulos
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jasmyn Pangilinan
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kurt LaButti
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert Riley
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alicia Clum
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elodie Drula
- INRAE, USC1408 Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 13009, Marseille, France
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ., 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annegret Kohler
- Université de Lorraine, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est-Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Francis M Martin
- Université de Lorraine, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est-Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design (BAIC-TBMD), Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Stéphane Hacquard
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
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Maciá‐Vicente JG, Popa F. Local endemism and ecological generalism in the assembly of root‐colonizing fungi. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose G. Maciá‐Vicente
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity Goethe University Frankfurt Max‐von‐Laue‐Str. 13 Frankfurt am Main 60438 Germany
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Wageningen University & Research PO Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Flavius Popa
- Department of Ecosystem Monitoring, Research & Conservation Black Forest National Park Kniebisstraße 67 77740 Bad Peterstal‐Griesbach Germany
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8
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Aigoun-Mouhous W, Mahamedi AE, León M, Chaouia C, Zitouni A, Barankova K, Eichmeier A, Armengol J, Gramaje D, Berraf-Tebbal A. Cadophora sabaouae sp. nov. and Phaeoacremonium Species Associated with Petri Disease on Grapevine Propagation Material and Young Grapevines in Algeria. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3657-3668. [PMID: 34096766 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2380-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A field survey conducted on asymptomatic grapevine propagation material from nurseries and symptomatic young grapevines throughout different regions of Algeria yielded a collection of 70 Phaeoacremonium-like isolates and three Cadophora-like isolates. Based on morphology and DNA sequence data of β-tubulin (tub2) and actin, five Phaeoacremonium species were identified including Phaeoacremonium minimum (22 isolates), Phaeoacremonium venezuelense (19 isolates), Phaeoacremonium parasiticum (17 isolates), Phaeoacremonium australiense (8 isolates), and Phaeoacremonium iranianum (4 isolates). The latter two species (P. australiense and P. iranianum) were reported for the first time in Algeria. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses (internal transcribed spacer, tub2, and translation elongation factor 1-α) and morphological features, allowed the description of the three isolates belonging to the genus Cadophora (WAMC34, WAMC117, and WAMC118) as a novel species, named Cadophora sabaouae sp. nov. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on grapevine cuttings cultivar Cardinal. All the identified species were pathogenic on grapevine cuttings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassila Aigoun-Mouhous
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Productions Végétales, Faculté des Sciences Naturelles et de la Vie, Département Biotechnologie, Université de Blida 1, 09000 Blida, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens, Département des Sciences Naturelles, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Alger BP 92, Vieux-Kouba, 1600 Alger, Algeria
| | - Alla Eddine Mahamedi
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens, Département des Sciences Naturelles, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Alger BP 92, Vieux-Kouba, 1600 Alger, Algeria
| | - Maela León
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cherifa Chaouia
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Productions Végétales, Faculté des Sciences Naturelles et de la Vie, Département Biotechnologie, Université de Blida 1, 09000 Blida, Algeria
| | - Abdelghani Zitouni
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens, Département des Sciences Naturelles, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Alger BP 92, Vieux-Kouba, 1600 Alger, Algeria
| | - Katerina Barankova
- Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Eichmeier
- Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Josep Armengol
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Akila Berraf-Tebbal
- Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
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9
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Diversity of Endophytic and Pathogenic Fungi of Saffron (Crocus sativus) Plants from Cultivation Sites in Italy. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13110535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Crocus sativus is an important crop for the production of saffron and bioactive compounds. Plant endophytic fungi are a source of secondary metabolites additional to those produced by the plant itself. We analysed the biodiversity of endophytic fungi present in corms, stems, leaves, tepals, and stigmas of C. sativus from ten Italian sites; furthermore, we isolated putative pathogenic fungi from rotten plants. We used an in vitro isolation approach followed by molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA) region. We obtained 165 strains belonging to 39 OTUs, spreading over 26 genera and 29 species. Dark septate endophytes of the genus Cadophora and the species Talaromyces pinophilus dominated in corms, while Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum spp., T. pinophilus, Mucor fragilis, and Stemphylium vesicarium dominated in other tissues. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus oryzae. Endophytic communities significantly differed among tissues and life stages, whereas differences among cultivation sites were not statistically supported. Several endophytes were hypothesized to have changing trophic modes and/or to be latent pathogens in C. sativus. All strains were conserved ex-situ for future bioactivity tests and production of metabolites.
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10
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Draft Genome Sequences of Two Cadophora Strains Isolated from Water and a Nonalcoholic Beverage Ingredient. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0036821. [PMID: 34197206 PMCID: PMC8248866 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00368-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the fungal genus Cadophora are isolated from a variety of habitats, including plants, soil, water, food, and indoor environments. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two strains, Cadophora malorum M34 and Cadophora sp. strain M221.
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11
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Phylogeny, Global Biogeography and Pleomorphism of Zanclospora. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040706. [PMID: 33805574 PMCID: PMC8066784 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zanclospora (Chaetosphaeriaceae) is a neglected, phialidic dematiaceous hyphomycete with striking phenotypic heterogeneity among its species. Little is known about its global biogeography due to its extreme scarcity and lack of records verified by molecular data. Phylogenetic analyses of six nuclear loci, supported by phenotypic data, revealed Zanclospora as highly polyphyletic, with species distributed among three distantly related lineages in Sordariomycetes. Zanclospora is a pleomorphic genus with multiple anamorphic stages, of which phaeostalagmus-like and stanjehughesia-like are newly discovered. The associated teleomorphs were previously classified in Chaetosphaeria. The generic concept is emended, and 17 species are accepted, 12 of which have been verified with DNA sequence data. Zanclospora thrives on decaying plant matter, but it also occurs in soil or as root endophytes. Its global diversity is inferred from metabarcoding data and published records based on field observations. Phylogenies of the environmental ITS1 and ITS2 sequences derived from soil, dead wood and root samples revealed seven and 15 phylotypes. The field records verified by DNA data indicate two main diversity centres in Australasia and Caribbean/Central America. In addition, environmental ITS data have shown that Southeast Asia represents a third hotspot of Zanclospora diversity. Our data confirm that Zanclospora is a rare genus.
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