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Li N, Bowling J, de Hoog S, Aneke CI, Youn JH, Shahegh S, Cuellar-Rodriguez J, Kanakry CG, Rodriguez Pena M, Ahmed SA, Al-Hatmi AMS, Tolooe A, Walther G, Kwon-Chung KJ, Kang Y, Lee HB, Seyedmousavi A. Mucor germinans, a novel dimorphic species resembling Paracoccidioides in a clinical sample: questions on ecological strategy. mBio 2024:e0014424. [PMID: 38953355 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00144-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dimorphism is known among the etiologic agents of endemic mycoses as well as in filamentous Mucorales. Under appropriate thermal conditions, mononuclear yeast forms alternate with multi-nucleate hyphae. Here, we describe a dimorphic mucoralean fungus obtained from the sputum of a patient with Burkitt lymphoma and ongoing graft-versus-host reactions. The fungus is described as Mucor germinans sp. nov. Laboratory studies were performed to simulate temperature-dependent dimorphism, with two environmental strains Mucor circinelloides and Mucor kunryangriensis as controls. Both strains could be induced to form multinucleate arthrospores and subsequent yeast-like cells in vitro. Multilateral yeast cells emerge in all three Mucor species at elevated temperatures. This morphological transformation appears to occur at body temperature since the yeast-like cells were observed in the lungs of our immunocompromised patient. The microscopic appearance of the yeast-like cells in the clinical samples is easily confused with that of Paracoccidioides. The ecological role of yeast forms in Mucorales is discussed.IMPORTANCEMucormycosis is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality in susceptible patients. Accurate diagnosis is required for timely clinical management since antifungal susceptibility differs between species. Irregular hyphal elements are usually taken as the hallmark of mucormycosis, but here, we show that some species may also produce yeast-like cells, potentially being mistaken for Candida or Paracoccidioides. We demonstrate that the dimorphic transition is common in Mucor species and can be driven by many factors. The multi-nucleate yeast-like cells provide an effective parameter to distinguish mucoralean infections from similar yeast-like species in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- RadboudUMC-CWZ Center for Expertise in Mycology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Bowling
- Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- RadboudUMC-CWZ Center for Expertise in Mycology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Chioma I Aneke
- Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jung-Ho Youn
- Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sherin Shahegh
- Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Cuellar-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher G Kanakry
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Rodriguez Pena
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah A Ahmed
- RadboudUMC-CWZ Center for Expertise in Mycology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ali Tolooe
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Vet Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
| | - Grit Walther
- German National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Kyung J Kwon-Chung
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yingqian Kang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Institution of One Health Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hyang Burm Lee
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Amir Seyedmousavi
- Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Bagra JK, Nair SS, Athira V, Suman Kumar M, Kumar M, Thomas P, Kumar B, Chaturvedi VK, Dandapat P, Abhishek. In vitro virulotyping, antifungal susceptibility testing and DNA fingerprinting of Microsporum canis strains of canine and feline origin. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 104:102100. [PMID: 38043450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Microsporum canis is considered the common dermatophyte agent associated with ringworm in felines and canines. In the present study, we sampled n = 548 felines and canines for the probable isolation of M. canis. The rate of isolation from the cats and dogs was 70.27 % (52/74) and 1.68 % (8/474), respectively and Persian cats were found to be highly susceptible to M. canis infection. The strains were evaluated for their production of phospholipase, lipase, catalase, and hemolysis and their ability to grow at 35 ℃. All the strains were identified as low producers of catalase and n = 17 strains exhibited high thermotolerance ability. Terbinafine was found to be the most effective antifungal drug and fluconazole was the least effective, in vitro. AFLP analysis revealed three genotypes of M. canis with 15 sub-clusters showing ≥ 90 % similarity and 7 sub-clusters exhibiting 100 % similarity. However, the phenotypic characters cannot be attributed based on the AFLP profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar Bagra
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonu S Nair
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Athira
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Suman Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bablu Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Premanshu Dandapat
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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