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Limone P, Ragni B, Toto GA. The epidemiology and effects of video game addiction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 241:104047. [PMID: 37897856 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing popularity and accessibility of video games, the public concern about their effects - positive and negative - has also increased. In this regard, this systematic review sought to identify and thematically analyze recent studies (in the last five years) and report on video games' epidemiological characteristics and outcomes. A systematic database search was done on ScienceDirect, APA PsycINFO, Emerald, and Scopus databases for articles published from January 1, 2017, to April 1, 2022. The Meta XL software - an add-in for Microsoft Excel - was used to calculate the pooled prevalence level of video game addiction. The database search yielded a total of 693 non-duplicate articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles were selected to be included in the systematic review. Along with this, 12 articles were considered for the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence level of gaming addiction was 5.0 % (95 % CI, 2.1-8.8 %). The I2 value was 99.297 with a p-value of 0.000. The factors that accompanied addictive video gaming were psychological, social, and personal. An addictive gaming behavior was characterized by spending an above-average time on gaming, doing most of the gaming online, and gaming activities interfering with sleep patterns. Some predictors of addictive gaming were emotional dependence, social detachment, increased gaming time, preference for playing online than offline, and increased emotional and psychological stress. Engaging in addictive gaming led to adverse outcomes such as lower academic scores, depression, and anxiety, as well as decreased self-esteem, life satisfaction, and social support. From the collected findings it could be concluded that extreme playing of video games can be classified as addictive. Following the identification of risk factors, appropriate corrective or interventional measures should be developed and applied coherently to newer statistical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Limone
- Learning Science Hub, Department of Human Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Ragni
- Learning Science Hub, Department of Human Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy.
| | - Giusi Antonia Toto
- Learning Science Hub, Department of Human Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy.
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Malak MZ, Shuhaiber AH, Alsswey A, Tarawneh A. Social support as the mediator for the relationship between internet gaming disorder and psychological problems among university students. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 164:243-250. [PMID: 37385003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been increasing recognition of internet gaming disorder as a psychiatric problem that is linked with serious impairment and distress and correlated with psychological reactions and social consequences. Thus, this study proposed that psychological problems (stress, anxiety, and depression) and social support could be associated with IGD and social support had a mediating role between these psychological problems and IGD among university students in Jordan. METHODS A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design was adopted. The university students (N = 1020) were selected randomly from four universities (two public and two private) in Jordan. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data using the Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGD-20 Test), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), Multidimensional Social Support Scale (MSPSS), and sociodemographic data. FINDINGS Findings of this study found that the mean age of the participants was 21.38 (S.D ± 2.12) and 55.9% of them were males The prevalence of internet gaming disorder was 12.16% among the participants, where the cut-off point for internet gaming disorder was 71 out of 100. Internet gaming disorder was significantly correlated with stress, anxiety, social support, and depression. However, stress, anxiety, and social support had a direct effect on internet gaming disorder, while social support had the strongest effect on internet gaming disorder. It was found that social support had a mediating role between anxiety and stress (β = -0.172, T-Statistics = 3.92, p < 0.001; β = -0.268, T-Statistics = 5.45, p < 0.001, respectively) and internet gaming disorder (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study can help policymakers and instructors develop health education programs and/or health training programs that focus on using social support as a coping method when experiencing psychological problems including stress and anxiety and adopt social support in management programs for excessive use of internet gaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malakeh Z Malak
- Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah. University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Ahmed H Shuhaiber
- College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Alsswey
- Multimedia Technology Department, Faculty of Architecture and Design, AL-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Anwar Tarawneh
- Civil and Infrastructure Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology AL-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Burkauskas J, Fineberg NA, Ioannidis K, Chamberlain SR, Bowden-Jones H, Griskova-Bulanova I, Pranckeviciene A, Dores AR, Carvalho IP, Barbosa F, Simonato P, De Luca I, Mooney R, Gómez-Martínez MÁ, Demetrovics Z, Ábel KE, Szabo A, Fujiwara H, Shibata M, Melero-Ventola AR, Arroyo-Anlló EM, Santos-Labrador RM, Kobayashi K, Di Carlo F, Monteiro C, Martinotti G, Corazza O. Online Behaviours during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Associations with Psychological Factors: An International Exploratory Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148823. [PMID: 35886679 PMCID: PMC9323465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to explore specific online behaviours and their association with a range of underlying psychological and other behavioural factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight countries (Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, Lithuania, Portugal, Japan, Hungary, and Brazil) participated in an international investigation involving 2223 participants (M = 33 years old; SD = 11), 70% of whom were females. Participants were surveyed for specific type of Internet use severity, appearance anxiety, self-compassion, and image and use of performance-enhancing drugs (IPEDs). Results were compared cross-culturally. The mean time spent online was 5 h (SD = ±3) of daily browsing during the pandemic. The most commonly performed activities included social networking, streaming, and general surfing. A strong association between these online behaviours and appearance anxiety, self-compassion, and IPEDs use was found after adjustment for possible confounders, with higher scores being associated with specific online activities. Significant cross-cultural differences also emerged in terms of the amount of time spent online during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 00135 Palanga, Lithuania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-612-04885
| | - Naomi A. Fineberg
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK; (N.A.F.); (P.S.); (I.D.L.); (G.M.); (O.C.)
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK; (K.I.); (H.B.-J.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO40 2RZ, UK
| | - Samuel R. Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO40 2RZ, UK
| | - Henrietta Bowden-Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK; (K.I.); (H.B.-J.)
| | - Inga Griskova-Bulanova
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Aiste Pranckeviciene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 00135 Palanga, Lithuania;
| | - Artemisa R. Dores
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Irene P. Carvalho
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Pierluigi Simonato
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK; (N.A.F.); (P.S.); (I.D.L.); (G.M.); (O.C.)
| | - Ilaria De Luca
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK; (N.A.F.); (P.S.); (I.D.L.); (G.M.); (O.C.)
| | - Rosin Mooney
- Medical Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK;
| | | | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar GX11 1AA, Gibraltar;
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (K.E.Á.); (A.S.)
| | - Krisztina Edina Ábel
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (K.E.Á.); (A.S.)
| | - Attila Szabo
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (K.E.Á.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hironobu Fujiwara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (H.F.); (M.S.); (K.K.)
- Artificial Intelligence Ethics and Society Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Saitama 103-0027, Japan
- General Research Division, Research Center on Ethical, Legal and Social Issues, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mami Shibata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (H.F.); (M.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Alejandra R. Melero-Ventola
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical University of Salamanca, 37002 Salamanca, Spain; (M.Á.G.-M.); (A.R.M.-V.)
| | - Eva M. Arroyo-Anlló
- Department of Psychobiology, Neuroscience Institute of Castilla-León, University of Salamanca, 37002 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Ricardo M. Santos-Labrador
- Department of Physical Education, University Teacher’s College ‘Fray Luis de León’, 47010 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Kei Kobayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (H.F.); (M.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Francesco Di Carlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Cristina Monteiro
- Department of Psychometrics, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil;
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK; (N.A.F.); (P.S.); (I.D.L.); (G.M.); (O.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Ornella Corazza
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK; (N.A.F.); (P.S.); (I.D.L.); (G.M.); (O.C.)
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