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Saber MM, Monir N, Awad AS, Elsherbiny ME, Zaki HF. TLR9: A friend or a foe. Life Sci 2022; 307:120874. [PMID: 35963302 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system is a primary protective line in our body. It confers its protection through different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), especially toll like receptors (TLRs). Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an intracellular TLR, expressed in different immunological and non-immunological cells. Release of cellular components, such as proteins, nucleotides, and DNA confers a beneficial inflammatory response and maintains homeostasis for removing cellular debris during normal physiological conditions. However, during pathological cellular damage and stress signals, engagement between mtDNA and TLR9 acts as an alarm for starting inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The controversial role of TLR9 in different diseases baffled scientists if it has a protective or deleterious effect after activation during insults. Targeting the immune system, especially the TLR9 needs further investigation to provide a therapeutic strategy to control inflammation and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Saber
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Nada Monir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza S Awad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa E Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Banescu C, Tripon F, Bojan AS, Trifa AP, Muntean C, Crauciuc GA, Boglis A, Candea M, Lazar E, Jimbu L, Iancu M. Association of TLR4 Rs4986791 Polymorphism and TLR9 Haplotypes with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Susceptibility: A Case-Control Study of Adult Patients. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030409. [PMID: 35330409 PMCID: PMC8950293 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have an important role in innate immunity, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLR genes influence the risk of developing hematological malignancies. We aimed to evaluate the effect of TLR2 (rs5743708), TLR4 (rs11536889, rs4986790, rs4986791), TLR9 (rs187084, rs352140, rs5743836) on AML risk, the relation between investigated SNPs and somatic mutations, clinical features, and the overall survival of adult AML patients. All mentioned SNPs were genotyped in 511 AML cases and 503 healthy controls. DNMT3A (R882), FLT3 (D835, ITD), and NPM1 mutations’ status were investigated in AML patients. TLR4 rs4986791 was associated with an increased risk of AML under the dominant model (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.001–2.59). Variant genotypes of the TLR4 rs4986790 or rs4986791 were associated with the odds of developing AML in the codominant model (OR = 3.14; 95% CI: 1.12–8.84; p = 0.032). The TLR9 rs5743836 variant genotype was associated with the NPM1 mutation (p = 0.002). The investigated SNPs were not associated with the DNMT3A, FLT3 mutations and had no significant contribution to the hazard of death after adjusting for covariates. Our findings suggest that TLR4 rs4986791 is associated with AML susceptibility. The combined variant genotypes of TLR4 rs4986790 and rs4986791 increase AML risk, the TLR9 C-G-A haplotype may represent a promising approach to predict a person’s risk for developing AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Banescu
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 38, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.T.); (G.A.C.); (A.B.)
- Genetics Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Genetics Laboratory, County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 50, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Florin Tripon
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 38, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.T.); (G.A.C.); (A.B.)
- Genetics Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Anca S. Bojan
- Department of Hematology, The Oncology Institute “Ion Chiricuta” Cluj-Napoca, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8, Victor Babes, Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.B.); (L.J.)
| | - Adrian P. Trifa
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8, Victor Babes, Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Genetics, The Oncology Institute “Ion Chiricuta” Cluj-Napoca, 34–36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Muntean
- Department of Clinical Science, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - George Andrei Crauciuc
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 38, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.T.); (G.A.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Alina Boglis
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 38, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.T.); (G.A.C.); (A.B.)
- Genetics Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Marcela Candea
- Department of Internal Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (M.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Erzsebet Lazar
- Department of Internal Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (M.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Laura Jimbu
- Department of Hematology, The Oncology Institute “Ion Chiricuta” Cluj-Napoca, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8, Victor Babes, Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.B.); (L.J.)
| | - Mihaela Iancu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8, Victor Babes, Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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