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Ammali N, Kara R, Guetarni D, Chebloune Y. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 and H5N1 outbreaks in Algerian avian livestock production. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 111:102202. [PMID: 38852439 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Avian Alpha-influenza-virus (AIV) massively affects poultry, targeting mainly the respiratory tract for virus replication. Recently, two major H5N8 and H5N1 outbreaks caused tremendous losses in Algerian poultry. The clinical symptoms that had not been seen in the past didn't prompt a rapid reaction to control the epidemics. We report here the characteristics of these outbreaks and the epidemiological status of AIV in Algeria. Following autopsy observation samples from target organs were taken and analyzed by the classical real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR). Specific PCR HA and NA identification was used for subtyping H5 and N1/N8 genes. Systemic damage was observed in the upper-respiratory tracts with hemorrhagic and congestive tracheas, lungs, proventriculus, gut, and cecal tonsils were bloody. Out of 77 positive cases 13 were H5N8, 8 H5N1, and 10 H5Nx strains. These findings raise questions about the strain's pathotype considering severe organ damage and high mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naouel Ammali
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Environment and Health, Biology department, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, BP 270 Route Soumâa, Blida, Algeria.
| | - Radhouane Kara
- Veterinary Practitioner, Avian pathology clinic, Rue 1 er Novembre 1954 Zaouia Beni Tamou, Blida, Algeria.
| | - Djamel Guetarni
- Biology department, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, BP 270 Route Soumâa, Blida, Algeria.
| | - Yahia Chebloune
- INRAE/UGA Laboratoire Pathogénèse et Vaccination Lentivirales, PAVAL Lab, Université Grenoble Alpes, Bat. NanoBio2, 570 rue de la chimie, domaine universitaire, St Martin d'Hères, Grenoble, France.
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Klamrak A, Nabnueangsap J, Narkpuk J, Saengkun Y, Janpan P, Nopkuesuk N, Chaveerach A, Teeravechyan S, Rahman SS, Dobutr T, Sitthiwong P, Maraming P, Nualkaew N, Jangpromma N, Patramanon R, Daduang S, Daduang J. Unveiling the Potent Antiviral and Antioxidant Activities of an Aqueous Extract from Caesalpinia mimosoides Lamk: Cheminformatics and Molecular Docking Approaches. Foods 2023; 13:81. [PMID: 38201109 PMCID: PMC10778375 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Our group previously demonstrated that Caesalpinia mimosoides Lamk exhibits many profound biological properties, including anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. However, its antiviral activity has not yet been investigated. Here, the aqueous extract of C. mimosoides was prepared from the aerial parts (leaves, stalks, and trunks) to see whether it exerts anti-influenza (H1N1) effects and to reduce the organic solvents consumed during extraction, making it a desirable approach for the large-scale production for medical uses. Our plant extract was quantified to contain 7 g of gallic acid (GA) per 100 g of a dry sample, as determined using HPLC analysis. It also exerts potent antioxidant activities comparable to those of authentic GA. According to untargeted metabolomics (UPLC-ESI(-)-QTOF-MS/MS) with the aid of cheminformatics tools (MetFrag (version 2.1), SIRIUS (version 5.8.3), CSI:FingerID (version 4.8), and CANOPUS), the major metabolite was best annotated as "gallic acid", phenolics (e.g., quinic acid, shikimic acid, and protocatechuic acid), sugar derivatives, and dicarboxylic acids were deduced from this plant species for the first time. The aqueous plant extract efficiently inhibited an influenza A (H1N1) virus infection of MDCK cells with an IC50 of 5.14 µg/mL. Of equal importance, hemolytic activity was absent for this plant extract, signifying its applicability as a safe antiviral agent. Molecular docking suggested that GA interacts with conserved residues (e.g., Arg152 and Asp151) located in the catalytic inner shell of the viral neuraminidase (NA), sharing the same pocket as those of anti-neuraminidase drugs, such as laninamivir and oseltamivir. Additionally, other metabolites were also found to potentially interact with the active site and the hydrophobic 430-cavity of the viral surface protein, suggesting a possibly synergistic effect of various phytochemicals. Therefore, the C. mimosoides aqueous extract may be a good candidate for coping with increasing influenza virus resistance to existing antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuwatchakij Klamrak
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.K.); (Y.S.); (P.J.); (N.N.); (S.S.R.); (T.D.); (N.N.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand; (P.M.); (N.J.); (R.P.)
| | - Jaran Nabnueangsap
- Salaya Central Instrument Facility RSPG, Research Management and Development Division, Office of the President, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Jaraspim Narkpuk
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; (J.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Yutthakan Saengkun
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.K.); (Y.S.); (P.J.); (N.N.); (S.S.R.); (T.D.); (N.N.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand; (P.M.); (N.J.); (R.P.)
| | - Piyapon Janpan
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.K.); (Y.S.); (P.J.); (N.N.); (S.S.R.); (T.D.); (N.N.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand; (P.M.); (N.J.); (R.P.)
| | - Napapuch Nopkuesuk
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.K.); (Y.S.); (P.J.); (N.N.); (S.S.R.); (T.D.); (N.N.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand; (P.M.); (N.J.); (R.P.)
| | - Arunrat Chaveerach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Samaporn Teeravechyan
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; (J.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Shaikh Shahinur Rahman
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.K.); (Y.S.); (P.J.); (N.N.); (S.S.R.); (T.D.); (N.N.)
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7000, Bangladesh
| | - Theerawat Dobutr
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.K.); (Y.S.); (P.J.); (N.N.); (S.S.R.); (T.D.); (N.N.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand; (P.M.); (N.J.); (R.P.)
| | - Poramet Sitthiwong
- Khaoyai Panorama Farm Co., Ltd., 297 M.6, Thanarat Rd., Nongnamdang, Pakchong, Nakhonratchasima 30130, Thailand;
| | - Pornsuda Maraming
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand; (P.M.); (N.J.); (R.P.)
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natsajee Nualkaew
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.K.); (Y.S.); (P.J.); (N.N.); (S.S.R.); (T.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Nisachon Jangpromma
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand; (P.M.); (N.J.); (R.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Rina Patramanon
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand; (P.M.); (N.J.); (R.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.K.); (Y.S.); (P.J.); (N.N.); (S.S.R.); (T.D.); (N.N.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand; (P.M.); (N.J.); (R.P.)
| | - Jureerut Daduang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand; (P.M.); (N.J.); (R.P.)
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Ahrens AK, Selinka HC, Mettenleiter TC, Beer M, Harder TC. Exploring surface water as a transmission medium of avian influenza viruses - systematic infection studies in mallards. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1250-1261. [PMID: 35473641 PMCID: PMC9090351 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2065937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) are an abundant anseriform migratory wild bird species worldwide and an important reservoir for the maintenance of low pathogenicity (LP) avian influenza viruses (AIV). They have also been implicated in the spread of high pathogenicity (HP) AIV after spill-over events from HPAIV-infected poultry. The spread of HPAIV within wild water bird populations may lead to viral contamination of natural habitats. The role of small shallow water bodies as a transmission medium of AIV among mallards is investigated here in three experimental settings. (i) Delayed onset but rapid progression of infection seeded by two mallards inoculated with either LP or HP AIV to each eight sentinel mallards was observed in groups with access to a small 100 L water pool. In contrast, groups with a bell drinker as the sole source of drinking water showed a rapid onset but lengthened course of infection. (ii) HPAIV infection also set off when virus was dispersed in the water pool; titres as low as 102 TCID50 L-1 (translating to 0.1 TCID50 mL-1) proved to be sufficient. (iii) Substantial loads of viral RNA (and infectivity) were also found on the surface of the birds' breast plumage. "Unloading" of virus infectivity from contaminated plumage into water bodies may be an efficient mechanism of virus spread by infected mallards. However, transposure of HPAIV via the plumage of an uninfected mallard failed. We conclude, surface water in small shallow water bodies may play an important role as a mediator of AIV infection of aquatic wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kathrin Ahrens
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Isle of Riems, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Timm C Harder
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Isle of Riems, Germany
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