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Santana-Lima B, Belaunde LHZ, de Souza KD, Rosa ME, de Carvalho JE, Machado-Jr J, Alonso-Vale MIC, Caseli L, Rando DGG, Caperuto LC. Acute Kaempferol Stimulation Induces AKT Phosphorylation in HepG2 Cells. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:764. [PMID: 38929747 PMCID: PMC11205056 DOI: 10.3390/life14060764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stands as a prevalent global public health issue caused by deficiencies in the action of insulin and/or insulin production. In the liver, insulin plays an important role by inhibiting hepatic glucose production and stimulating glycogen storage, thereby contributing to blood glucose regulation. Kaempferitrin (KP) and kaempferol (KM), flavonoids found in Bauhinia forficata, exhibit insulin-mimetic properties, showing promise in managing T2DM. In this study, we aimed to assess the potential of these compounds in modulating the insulin signaling pathway and/or glucose metabolism. Cell viability assays confirmed the non-cytotoxic nature of both compounds toward HepG2 cells at the concentrations and times evaluated. Theoretical molecular docking studies revealed that KM had the best docking pose with the IR β subunit when compared to the KP. Moreover, Langmuir monolayer evaluation indicated molecular incorporation for both KM and KP. Specifically, KM exhibited the capability to increase AKT phosphorylation, a key kinase in insulin signaling, regardless of insulin receptor (IR) activation. Notably, KM showed an additional synergistic effect with insulin in activating AKT. In conclusion, our findings suggest the potential of KM as a promising compound for stimulating AKT activation, thereby influencing energy metabolism in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Santana-Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (B.S.-L.)
| | - Lucas Humberto Zimmermann Belaunde
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (B.S.-L.)
| | - Karine Damaceno de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (B.S.-L.)
| | - Matheus Elias Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química—Ciência e Tecnologia da Sustentabilidade, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose Eduardo de Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia e Ecologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Joel Machado-Jr
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso-Vale
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (B.S.-L.)
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Caseli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química—Ciência e Tecnologia da Sustentabilidade, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Gonçales Galasse Rando
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (B.S.-L.)
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Chagas Caperuto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (B.S.-L.)
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
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Barhouchi B, Menacer R, Bouchkioua S, Mansour A, Belattar N. Compounds from myrtle flowers as antibacterial agents and SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors: In-vitro and molecular docking studies. ARAB J CHEM 2023; 16:104939. [PMID: 37193561 PMCID: PMC10140470 DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants and their related phytochemicals play a key role in the treatment of bacterial and viral infections, which inspire scientists to design and develop more efficient drugs starting from the phytochemical active scaffold. This work aims to characterize the chemical compounds of Myrtus communis essential oil (EO) from Algeria and to evaluate its in vitro antibacterial effect, as well as the in silico anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. The chemical profile of hydrodistilled EO from myrtle flowers was determined using GC/MS analysis. The results showed qualitative and quantitative fluctuations and 54 compounds were identified including the main components: α-pinene (48.94%) and 1,8-cineole (28.3%) whereas other minor compounds were detected. The in vitro antibacterial activity of myrtle EO against Gram-negative bacteria was carried out by using the disc diffusion method. The best inhibition zone values ranged between 11 and 25 mm. The results revealed that Escherichia coli (25 mm), Klebsiella oxytoca (20 mm) and Serratia marcescens (20 mm) are the most susceptible strains to the EO which is endowed with a bactericidal effect. Furthermore, the antibacterial and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities were investigated by the means of molecular docking (MD) study, in addition to ADME(Tox) analysis. The phytochemicals were docked against four targets: E. coli topoisomerase II DNA gyrase B (PDB: 1KZN), SARS-CoV-2 Main protease (PDB: 6LU7), Spike (PDB: 6ZLG) and angiotensin-converting enzyme II ACE2 (PDB: 1R42). The MD investigation revealed that 1,8-cineole could be the main phytochemical associated with the antibacterial activity of EO; s-cbz-cysteine, mayurone and methylxanthine were found the most promising phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2; The ADME(Tox) analysis has shown their good druggability with no Lipinski's rule violation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badra Barhouchi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center CRSP, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Rafik Menacer
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center CRSP, Constantine 25000, Algeria
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques CRAPC, BP 384, Zone Industrielle, Bou-ismail, Tipaza RP 42004, Algeria
| | - Saad Bouchkioua
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center CRSP, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Amira Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center CRSP, Constantine 25000, Algeria
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques CRAPC, BP 384, Zone Industrielle, Bou-ismail, Tipaza RP 42004, Algeria
| | - Nadjah Belattar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center CRSP, Constantine 25000, Algeria
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Iraci N, Corsaro C, Giofrè SV, Neri G, Mezzasalma AM, Vacalebre M, Speciale A, Saija A, Cimino F, Fazio E. Nanoscale Technologies in the Fight against COVID-19: From Innovative Nanomaterials to Computer-Aided Discovery of Potential Antiviral Plant-Derived Drugs. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1060. [PMID: 36008954 PMCID: PMC9405735 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The last few years have increasingly emphasized the need to develop new active antiviral products obtained from artificial synthesis processes using nanomaterials, but also derived from natural matrices. At the same time, advanced computational approaches have found themselves fundamental in the repurposing of active therapeutics or for reducing the very long developing phases of new drugs discovery, which represents a real limitation, especially in the case of pandemics. The first part of the review is focused on the most innovative nanomaterials promising both in the field of therapeutic agents, as well as measures to control virus spread (i.e., innovative antiviral textiles). The second part of the review aims to show how computer-aided technologies can allow us to identify, in a rapid and therefore constantly updated way, plant-derived molecules (i.e., those included in terpenoids) potentially able to efficiently interact with SARS-CoV-2 cell penetration pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Carmelo Corsaro
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.V.); (E.F.)
| | - Salvatore V. Giofrè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Giulia Neri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Maria Mezzasalma
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.V.); (E.F.)
| | - Martina Vacalebre
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.V.); (E.F.)
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonina Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.V.); (E.F.)
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The Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2 as a Target for Phytochemicals against Coronavirus. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141862. [PMID: 35890496 PMCID: PMC9319234 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In late December 2019, the first cases of COVID-19 emerged as an outbreak in Wuhan, China that later spread vastly around the world, evolving into a pandemic and one of the worst global health crises in modern history. The causative agent was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although several vaccines were authorized for emergency use, constantly emerging new viral mutants and limited treatment options for COVID-19 drastically highlighted the need for developing an efficient treatment for this disease. One of the most important viral components to target for this purpose is the main protease of the coronavirus (Mpro). This enzyme is an excellent target for a potential drug, as it is essential for viral replication and has no closely related homologues in humans, making its inhibitors unlikely to be toxic. Our review describes a variety of approaches that could be applied in search of potential inhibitors among plant-derived compounds, including virtual in silico screening (a data-driven approach), which could be structure-based or fragment-guided, the classical approach of high-throughput screening, and antiviral activity cell-based assays. We will focus on several classes of compounds reported to be potential inhibitors of Mpro, including phenols and polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids.
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