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Chen L, Wang Y, Zhang B. Hypermethylation in the promoter region inhibits AJAP1 expression and activates the JAK/STAT pathway to promote prostate cancer cell migration and stem cell sphere formation. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154224. [PMID: 36566599 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AJAP1 is down-regulated in multiple cancer types and plays a suppressive role in cancer progression. However, its molecular regulatory mechanism in prostate cancer has not been reported. METHODS Bioinformatics methods were employed to analyze AJAP1 expression in prostate cancer tissues and its association with TNM staging. MSP and qRT-PCR were used to quantify promoter methylation and AJAP1 expression after 5-aza-20-deoxycytidine (5-AzaC) treatment. Scratch healing assay and Transwell method were adopted to analyze the effects of aberrant AJAP1 expression, 5-AzaC and AG490 on cell migration and invasion. The levels of AJAP1 protein, EMT-related and JAK/STAT pathway-related proteins were determined by Western blot. The effects of AJAP1 aberrant expression and AG490 treatment on the sphere forming ability of prostate cancer cells were analyzed by sphere formation assay. RESULTS This study confirmed the significant down-regulation of AJAP1 expression in prostate cancer tissues and cells, and its negative correlation with TNM staging. 5-AzaC treatment led to a significant reduction of AJAP1 methylation level and a significant upregulation of AJAP1 expression, indicating that the methylation level of AJAP1 promoter may affect the expression of AJAP1. Cell function experiments found that overexpression or decreased methylation of AJAP1 inhibited epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion, while silencing or increased methylation of AJAP1 had the opposite functions. JAK2/STAT3 pathway inhibiting assay found that inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 pathway significantly reduced EMT, cell migration, and stem cell sphere formation in prostate cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Therefore, investigating the influence of aberrant AJAP1 expression on functions of prostate cancer cells is conducive to our in-depth understanding of the mechanism of prostate cancer genesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Urology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The People's Hospital, Tongliang District, Chongqing City 402560, China
| | - Banglin Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The People's Hospital, Tongliang District, Chongqing City 402560, China.
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Blood-based DNA methylation signatures in cancer: A systematic review. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166583. [PMID: 36270476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation profiles are in dynamic equilibrium via the initiation of methylation, maintenance of methylation and demethylation, which control gene expression and chromosome stability. Changes in DNA methylation patterns play important roles in carcinogenesis and primarily manifests as hypomethylation of the entire genome and the hypermethylation of individual loci. These changes may be reflected in blood-based DNA, which provides a non-invasive means for cancer monitoring. Previous blood-based DNA detection objects primarily included circulating tumor DNA/cell-free DNA (ctDNA/cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes. Researchers gradually found that methylation changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) also reflected the presence of tumors. Blood-based DNA methylation is widely used in early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, dynamic monitoring after treatment and other fields of clinical research on cancer. The reversible methylation of genes also makes them important therapeutic targets. The present paper summarizes the changes in DNA methylation in cancer based on existing research and focuses on the characteristics of the detection objects of blood-based DNA, including ctDNA/cfDNA, CTCs, exosomes and PBMCs, and their application in clinical research.
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Abbas RA, Aziz IH. A study comparing the oncogenic microRNA-21-5p and the CA15-3 characteristics as an effective tumor marker in breast cancer patients from Iraq. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.04.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a genetic disease in the mammary glands' ducts and lobules, with ductal cancers comprising most of the malignancies. Biomarkers can provide an assessment of cancer diagnosis and prediction. The study aims to compare the expression of serum (miR-21-5p) and CA 15-3 expression in the Iraqi population as more efficient biomarkers, then checked MiRNA-21 main characters as a biomarker comparison with (CA15-3) levels. Circulating serum miRNA-21 expression was measured using (the quantitative Real Time-PCR technique) in 50 patients at various stages of breast cancer compared to 27 healthy controls. Meanwhile, CA 15-3 levels were quantified using electro-chemo luminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) methods. The results show the expression of miRNA-21 and the concentration of CA15-3 increased significantly (p>0.01) in patients as compared to control, but the higher median level of MiRNA-21 than of CA15-3. The ROC curve analysis shows that the accuracy, Overall Model Quality, AUC, sensitivity and specificity of miRNA-21 as a biomarker is much higher than the CA 15-3. In conclusion, miRNA-21 may fill the gap that CA 15-3 still lacks in detecting breast cancer at an early stage.
Keywords: Breast cancer, microRNA-21, CA15-3, gene expression, RT-q PCR
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwaidah A.R. Abbas
- University of Fallujah, College of Applied Science, Department of Pathological Analysis. Iraq
| | - Ismail H. Aziz
- University of Baghdad, Institute of Genetic engineering and Biotechnology for postgraduate studies. Iraq
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Fabrizio FP, Castellana S, Centra F, Sparaneo A, Mastroianno M, Mazza T, Coco M, Trombetta D, Cingolani N, Centonza A, Graziano P, Maiello E, Fazio VM, Muscarella LA. Design and experimental validation of OPERA_MET-A panel for deep methylation analysis by next generation sequencing. Front Oncol 2022; 12:968804. [PMID: 36033501 PMCID: PMC9404304 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.968804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is the most recognized epigenetic mark that leads to a massive distortion in cancer cells. It has been observed that a large number of DNA aberrant methylation events occur simultaneously in a group of genes, thus providing a growth advantage to the cell in promoting cell differentiation and neoplastic transformation. Due to this reason, methylation profiles have been suggested as promising cancer biomarkers. Here, we designed and performed a first step of validation of a novel targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) panel for methylation analysis, which can simultaneously evaluate the methylation levels at CpG sites of multiple cancer-related genes. The OPERA_MET-A methylation panel was designed using the Ion AmpliSeq™ technology to amplify 155 regions with 125-175 bp mean length and covers a total of 1107 CpGs of 18 cancer-related genes. The performance of the panel was assessed by running commercially available fully methylated and unmethylated control human genomic DNA (gDNA) samples and a variable mixture of them. The libraries were run on Ion Torrent platform and the sequencing output was analyzed using the “methylation_analysis” plugin. DNA methylation calls on both Watson (W) and Crick (C) strands and methylated:unmethylated ratio for each CpG site were obtained. Cell lines, fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung cancer tissues were tested. The OPERA_MET-A panel allows to run a minimum of 6 samples/530 chip to reach an observed mean target depth ≥2,500X (W and C strands) and an average number of mapped reads >750,000/sample. The conversion efficiency, determined by spiking-in unmethylated Lambda DNA into each sample before the bisulfite conversion process, was >97% for all samples. The observed percentage of global methylation for all CpGs was >95% and <5% for fully methylated and unmethylated gDNA samples, respectively, and the observed results for the variable mixtures were in agreement with what was expected. Methylation-specific NGS analysis represents a feasible method for a fast and multiplexed screening of cancer patients by a high-throughput approach. Moreover, it offers the opportunity to construct a more robust algorithm for disease prediction in cancer patients having a low quantity of biological material available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pio Fabrizio
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Federico Pio Fabrizio, ; Lucia Anna Muscarella,
| | - Stefano Castellana
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Flavia Centra
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Angelo Sparaneo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Mario Mastroianno
- Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Michelina Coco
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Nicola Cingolani
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Antonella Centonza
- Unit of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Paolo Graziano
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Unit of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vito Michele Fazio
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Anna Muscarella
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Federico Pio Fabrizio, ; Lucia Anna Muscarella,
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