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Wu D, Zhao H, Guo L, Liu X, Liang Y, Liu Q, Cao W, Chen X, Gao X. Fu Brick Tea as a Staple Food Supplement Attenuates High Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Mice. Foods 2023; 12:4488. [PMID: 38137292 PMCID: PMC10743230 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fu brick tea (FBT), a product of microbial fermentation from primary dark tea, also known as raw material tea (RMT), has been extensively studied for its functional properties. However, its potential as a staple food supplement for weight loss remains poorly understood. This study compared the weight loss effects of orlistat, traditional plain noodles (NN), and noodles supplemented with varying amounts of RMT (RMTN) and FBT (FBTN), with the aim to elucidate their lipid-reducing effects and underlying mechanisms. Experimental trials on high fat diet fed mice revealed significant weight loss, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic effects upon supplementation with orlistat, RMTN, and FBTN. Moreover, supplementation with orlistat, RMTN, and FBTN effectively restored serum and liver-related index levels, mitigating high-fat diet-induced dyslipidemia. Additionally, these supplements ameliorated liver and kidney damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, orlistat, RMTN, and FBTN exert their anti-obesity effects primarily by modulating genes associated with lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses and through regulation of the composition and structure of the gut microbiota. Importantly, FBTN demonstrated a significantly stronger lipid-lowering effect compared to RMTN, particularly at higher tea addition ratios. In contrast, NN supplementation exhibited minimal to no weight loss effects. Based on these findings, it could be inferred that FBT holds promise as a staple food supplement to ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity and its associated health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daying Wu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Jinan 250100, China; (D.W.); (L.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Haoan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Lei Guo
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Jinan 250100, China; (D.W.); (L.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiukun Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Jinan 250100, China; (D.W.); (L.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Xueyan Chen
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Jinan 250100, China; (D.W.); (L.G.); (X.L.)
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Maria Francis Y, Karunakaran B, Ashfaq F, Yahia Qattan M, Ahmad I, Alkhathami AG, Idreesh Khan M, Varadhan M, Govindan L, Ponnusamy Kasirajan S. Mercuric Chloride Induced Nephrotoxicity: Ameliorative Effect of Carica papaya Leaves Confirmed by Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry, and Gene Expression Studies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:21696-21708. [PMID: 37360438 PMCID: PMC10286259 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study analyzes the efficacy of the ethanolic extract of C. papaya leaves (ECP) against HgCl2-induced nephrotoxicity. The effects on the biochemical and percentage of body and organ weight against HgCl2-induced nephrotoxicity in female Wistar rats were studied. Wistar rats were divided into five groups with six animals in each group: control, HgCl2 (2.5 mg/kg b.w.), N-acetylcysteine (NAC 180 mg/kg) + HgCl2, ECP (300 mg/kg b.w.) + HgCl2, and ECP (600 mg/kg) + HgCl2 groups. After 28 days of study, animals were sacrificed on the 29th day to harvest the blood and kidneys for further analysis. The effect ECP was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (NGAL) and real-time PCR (KIM-1 and NGAL mRNA) in HgCl2-induced nephrotoxicity. The results revealed that the HgCl2 group showed prominent damage in the proximal tubules and glomerulus of nephrons and enormous expression of NGAL in immunohistochemistry and KIM-1 and NGAL in real-time PCR compared to the control group. The simultaneous pretreatment with NAC (180 mg/kg) and ECP (600 and 300 mg/kg) reduced renal damage and expression of NGAL in immunohistochemistry and KIM-1 and NGAL gene in real-time PCR. This study attests to the nephroprotective effect of ECP against HgCl2-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvaraj Maria Francis
- Department
of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Karunakaran
- Department
of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Fauzia Ashfaq
- Department
of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Yahia Qattan
- Health
Sciences Departments, College of Applied Studies and Community Service, King Saud University, KSA-4545, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali G. Alkhathami
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Idreesh Khan
- Department
of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohan Varadhan
- Department
of Siddha, TN Dr. MGR Medical University,
Guindy, Chennai 600032, India
| | - Lakshmanan Govindan
- Department
of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sankaran Ponnusamy Kasirajan
- Department
of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences (AIIMS), Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh 522503, India
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