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Lu YC, Ho TC, Huang CH, Yeh SI, Chen SL, Tsao YP. PEDF peptide plus hyaluronic acid stimulates cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis via STAT3-mediated chondrogenesis. Bone Joint Res 2024; 13:137-148. [PMID: 38555936 PMCID: PMC10981997 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.134.bjr-2023-0179.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is known to induce several types of tissue regeneration by activating tissue-specific stem cells. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of PEDF 29-mer peptide in the damaged articular cartilage (AC) in rat osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) were isolated from rat bone marrow (BM) and used to evaluate the impact of 29-mer on chondrogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs in culture. Knee OA was induced in rats by a single intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in the right knees (set to day 0). The 29-mer dissolved in 5% hyaluronic acid (HA) was intra-articularly injected into right knees at day 8 and 12 after MIA injection. Subsequently, the therapeutic effect of the 29-mer/HA on OA was evaluated by the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) histopathological scoring system and changes in hind paw weight distribution, respectively. The regeneration of chondrocytes in damaged AC was detected by dual-immunostaining of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and chondrogenic markers. Results The 29-mer promoted expansion and chondrogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs cultured in different defined media. MIA injection caused chondrocyte death throughout the AC, with cartilage degeneration thereafter. The 29-mer/HA treatment induced extensive chondrocyte regeneration in the damaged AC and suppressed MIA-induced synovitis, accompanied by the recovery of cartilage matrix. Pharmacological inhibitors of PEDF receptor (PEDFR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling substantially blocked the chondrogenic promoting activity of 29-mer on the cultured BM-MSCs and injured AC. Conclusion The 29-mer/HA formulation effectively induces chondrocyte regeneration and formation of cartilage matrix in the damaged AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chang Lu
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chuan Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hung Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-I Yeh
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Show-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Ping Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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2
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Vinod E, Lisha J J, Parasuraman G, Livingston A, Daniel AJ, Sathishkumar S. Evaluation of ghrelin as a distinguishing marker for human articular cartilage-derived chondrocytes and chondroprogenitors. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2023; 41:102175. [PMID: 37303495 PMCID: PMC10248861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2023.102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the study Cell-based therapeutics for articular cartilage repair primarily employed bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes. Research to overcome their limitation of formation of a functionally poor fibro-hyaline type of repair tissue led to the discovery of chondroprogenitors (CPCs), cartilage resident stem cells. These cells isolated by adhesion assay using fibronectin (FAA-CPs) and migration of progenitors from explants (MCPs) display higher chondrogenic and lower terminal differentiation potential. During in-vitro culture, chondrocytes tend to de-differentiate and acquire characteristics similar to stem cells, thus making it challenging to distinguish them from other cell groups. Ghrelin, a cytoplasmic growth hormone secretagogue, has been proposed to play a vital role in chondrogenesis, with reports of its higher expression in chondrocytes than BM-MSCs. The aim of this study was to compare the mRNA expression of Ghrelin between BM-MSCs, chondrocytes, FAA-CPs and MCP and the possibility of it serving as a distinguishing marker. Methods The four populations isolated from three human osteoarthritic knee joints were characterised by CD marker expression for positive (CD 90, CD73 and CD105) and negative (HLA-DR, CD34 and CD45) MSC markers and trilineage differentiation (adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic) and subjected to qRT-PCR to assess Ghrelin's gene expression. Results This study showed that all groups exhibited similar expression of CD markers and multilineage potential. Though chondrocytes showed greater expression of Ghrelin, it was not statistically significant to classify it as a distinguishing marker between these cell populations. Conclusion Ghrelin does not serve to differentiate the subpopulations in terms of their mRNA expression. Further evaluation using their associated enzymes and receptors could provide valuable information to uncover their potential as unequivocal biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vinod
- Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, (A Unit of InStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Jeya Lisha J
- Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Ganesh Parasuraman
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, (A Unit of InStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Abel Livingston
- Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Alfred Job Daniel
- Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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3
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Vaca-González JJ, Culma JJS, Nova LMH, Garzón-Alvarado DA. Anatomy, molecular structures, and hyaluronic acid - Gelatin injectable hydrogels as a therapeutic alternative for hyaline cartilage recovery: A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023. [PMID: 37178328 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage damage caused by trauma or osteoarthritis is a common joint disease that can increase the social and economic burden in society. Due to its avascular characteristics, the poor migration ability of chondrocytes, and a low number of progenitor cells, the self-healing ability of cartilage defects has been significantly limited. Hydrogels have been developed into one of the most suitable biomaterials for the regeneration of cartilage because of its characteristics such as high-water absorption, biodegradation, porosity, and biocompatibility similar to natural extracellular matrix. Therefore, the present review article presents a conceptual framework that summarizes the anatomical, molecular structure and biochemical properties of hyaline cartilage located in long bones: articular cartilage and growth plate. Moreover, the importance of preparation and application of hyaluronic acid - gelatin hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering are included. Hydrogels possess benefits of stimulating the production of Agc1, Col2α1-IIa, and SOX9, molecules important for the synthesis and composition of the extracellular matrix of cartilage. Accordingly, they are believed to be promising biomaterials of therapeutic alternatives to treat cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jairo Vaca-González
- Escuela de Pregrado, Dirección Académica, Vicerrectoría de Sede, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede de La Paz, Cesar, Colombia
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan José Saiz Culma
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Diego Alexander Garzón-Alvarado
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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4
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Wang W, Liang X, Zheng K, Ge G, Chen X, Xu Y, Bai J, Pan G, Geng D. Horizon of exosome-mediated bone tissue regeneration: The all-rounder role in biomaterial engineering. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100355. [PMID: 35875196 PMCID: PMC9304878 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bone injury repair has always been a tricky problem in clinic, the recent emergence of bone tissue engineering provides a new direction for the repair of bone injury. However, some bone tissue processes fail to achieve satisfactory results mainly due to insufficient vascularization or cellular immune rejection. Exosomes with the ability of vesicle-mediated intercellular signal transmission have gained worldwide attention and can achieve cell-free therapy. Exosomes are small vesicles that are secreted by cells, which contain genetic material, lipids, proteins and other substances. It has been found to play the function of material exchange between cells. It is widely used in bone tissue engineering to achieve cell-free therapy because it not only does not produce some immune rejection like cells, but also can play a cell-like function. Exosomes from different sources can bind to scaffolds in various ways and affect osteoblast, angioblast, and macrophage polarization in vivo to promote bone regeneration. This article reviews the recent research progress of exosome-loaded tissue engineering, focusing on the mechanism of exosomes from different sources and the application of exosome-loaded scaffolds in promoting bone regeneration. Finally, the existing deficiencies and challenges, future development directions and prospects are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaoran Ge
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Bhamare N, Tardalkar K, Khadilkar A, Parulekar P, Joshi MG. Tissue engineering of human ear pinna. Cell Tissue Bank 2022; 23:441-457. [PMID: 35103863 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-09991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Auricular deformities (Microtia) can cause physical, social as well as psychological impacts on a patient's wellbeing. Biofabrication of a complex structure such as ear pinna is not precise with currently available techniques. These limitations can be overcome with the help of tissue engineering. In this article, the authors presented molding and three dimensional (3D) printing to generate a flexible, human size ear pinna. The decellularization of goat ear cartilage protocol and bioink alkaline digestion protocol was followed to yield complete removal of all cellular components without changing the properties of the Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM). Decellularized scaffold used in molding technology and 3D printing technology Computer-Aided Design /Stereolithography (CAD/STL) uses bioink to construct the patient-specific ear. In vivo biocompatibility of the both ear pinnae showed demonstrable recellularization. Histology and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the recellularization of cartilage-specific cells and the development of ECM in molded and 3D printed ear pinna after transplantation. Both the techniques provided ideal results for mechanical properties such as elasticity. Vascular Associated Protein expression revealed specific vasculogenic pattern (angiogenesis) in transplanted molded pinna. Chondrocyte specific progenitor cells express CD90+ which highlighted newly developed chondrocytes in both the grafts which indicated that the xenograft was accepted by the rat. Transplantation of molded as well as 3D ear pinna was successful in an animal model and can be available for clinical treatments as a medical object to cure auricular deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Bhamare
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kasaba Bawada, 416 006, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Kishor Tardalkar
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kasaba Bawada, 416 006, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana Khadilkar
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, KIT's College of Engineering (Autonomous), Kolhapur, India
| | - Pratima Parulekar
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, KIT's College of Engineering (Autonomous), Kolhapur, India
| | - Meghnad G Joshi
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kasaba Bawada, 416 006, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. .,Stem Plus Biotech Pvt. Ltd.Sangli Miraj Kupwad Commercial Complex, C/S No. 1317/2, Near Shivaji Maharaj Putla, Bus Stand Road,Gaon Bhag, 416416, Sangli, MS, India.
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6
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Hou M, Bai B, Tian B, Ci Z, Liu Y, Zhou G, Cao Y. Cartilage Regeneration Characteristics of Human and Goat Auricular Chondrocytes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:766363. [PMID: 34993186 PMCID: PMC8724709 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.766363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cartilage regeneration technology has achieved clinical breakthroughs, whether auricular chondrocytes (AUCs) represent optimal seed cells to achieve stable cartilage regeneration is not clear. In this study, we systematically explore biological behaviors of human- and goat-derived AUCs during in vitro expansion as well as cartilage regeneration in vitro and in vivo. To eliminate material interference, a cell sheet model was used to evaluate the feasibility of dedifferentiated AUCs to re-differentiate and regenerate cartilage in vitro and in vivo. We found that the dedifferentiated AUCs could re-differentiate and regenerate cartilage sheets under the chondrogenic medium system, and the generated chondrocyte sheets gradually matured with increased in vitro culture time (2, 4, and 8 weeks). After the implantation of cartilage sheets with different in vitro culture times in nude mice, optimal neocartilage was formed in the group with 2 weeks in vitro cultivation. After in vivo implantation, ossification only occurred in the group with goat-regenerated cartilage sheet of 8 weeks in vitro cultivation. These results, which were confirmed in human and goat AUCs, suggest that AUCs are ideal seed cells for the clinical translation of cartilage regeneration under the appropriate culture system and culture condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Hou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoshuai Bai
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Baoxing Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Ci
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
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7
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Onoi Y, Hiranaka T, Hida Y, Fujishiro T, Okamoto K, Matsumoto T, Kuroda R. Second-look Arthroscopic Findings and Clinical Outcomes after Adipose-derived Regenerative Cell Injection in Knee Osteoarthritis. Clin Orthop Surg 2022; 14:377-385. [PMID: 36061847 PMCID: PMC9393284 DOI: 10.4055/cios20312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the clinical outcomes and second-look arthroscopic findings after intra-articular adipose-derived regenerative cell (ADRC) injection as treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods ADRCs were administered to 11 patients (19 knees; mean age, 61.7 years) with knee OA. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was harvested by liposuction from both thighs, and arthroscopic lavage was performed, followed by ADRC injection (mean dose, 1.40 × 107 cells) into the synovial fluid. Outcome measures included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Lysholm score, and visual analog scale score. Arthroscopic examinations were performed to assess the International Cartilage Repair Society cartilage injury grade preoperatively and overall repair postoperatively. Noninvasive assessments were performed at baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups; arthroscopic assessments were performed at baseline and at 6 months. Results All outcome measures significantly improved after treatment. This improvement was evident 1 month after treatment and was sustained until the 6-month follow-up. Data from second-look arthroscopy showed better repair in low-grade cartilage lesions than in lesions with a greater degree of damage. No patients demonstrated worsening of Kellgren-Lawrence grade, and none underwent total knee arthroplasty during this period. Conclusions Clinical outcomes were improved in patients with knee OA after ADRC administration. Cartilage regeneration was more effective in smaller damaged lesions than in bigger lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Onoi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Joint Surgery Center, Takatsuki General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hiranaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Joint Surgery Center, Takatsuki General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Joint Surgery Center, Takatsuki General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Fujishiro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Joint Surgery Center, Takatsuki General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Joint Surgery Center, Takatsuki General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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8
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Walzer SM, Toegel S, Chiari C, Farr S, Rinner B, Weinberg AM, Weinmann D, Fischer MB, Windhager R. A 3-Dimensional In Vitro Model of Zonally Organized Extracellular Matrix. Cartilage 2021; 13:336S-345S. [PMID: 31370667 PMCID: PMC8804753 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519865320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional cartilage repair requires the new formation of organized hyaline cartilaginous matrix to avoid the generation of fibrous repair tissue. The potential of mesenchymal progenitors was used to assemble a 3-dimensional structure in vitro, reflecting the zonation of collagen matrix in hyaline articular cartilage. DESIGN The 3-dimensional architecture of collagen alignment in pellet cultures of chondroprogenitors (CPs) was assessed with Picrosirius red staining analyzed under polarized light. In parallel assays, the trilineage capability was confirmed by calcium deposition during osteogenesis by alizarin S staining and alkaline phosphatase staining. Using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), mRNA levels of ALP, RUNX2, and BGLAP were assessed after 21 days of osteoinduction. Lipid droplets were stained with oil red O and adipogenic differentiation was confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis of PPARG and LPL gene expression. RESULTS Under conditions promoting the chondrogenic signature in self-assembling constructs, CPs formed an aligned extracellular matrix, positive for glycosaminoglycans and collagen type II, showing developing zonation of birefringent collagen fibers along the cross section of pellets, which reflect the distribution of collagen fibers in hyaline cartilage. Induced osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation confirmed the trilineage potential of CPs. CONCLUSION This model promotes the differentiation and self-organization of postnatal chondroprogenitors, resulting in the formation of zonally organized engineered hyaline cartilage comparable to the 3 zones of native cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M. Walzer
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology,
Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria,Sonja M. Walzer, Karl Chiari Lab for
Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical
University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology,
Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
| | - Catharina Chiari
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology,
Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
| | | | - Beate Rinner
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical
University of Graz, Graz, Steiermark, Austria
| | - Annelie-Martina Weinberg
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma
Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Steiermark, Austria
| | - Daniela Weinmann
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology,
Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
| | - Michael B. Fischer
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Danube
University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria,Clinic for Bloodgroup Serology and
Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology,
Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
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9
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Paternoster JL, Vranckx JJ. State of the art of clinical applications of Tissue Engineering in 2021. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:592-612. [PMID: 34082599 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) was introduced almost 30 years ago as a potential technique for regenerating human tissues. However, despite promising laboratory findings, the complexity of the human body, scientific hurdles, and lack of persistent long-term funding still hamper its translation towards clinical applications. In this report, we compile an inventory of clinically applied TE medical products relevant to surgery. A review of the literature, including articles published within the period from 1991 to 2020, was performed according to the PRISMA protocol, using databanks PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Clinicaltrials.gov. We identified 1039 full-length articles as eligible; due to the scarcity of clinical, randomised, controlled trials and case studies, we extended our search towards a broad surgical spectrum. Forty papers involved clinical TE studies. Amongst these, 7 were related to TE protocols for cartilage applied in the reconstruction of nose, ear, and trachea. Nine papers reported TE protocols for articular cartilage, 9 for urological purposes, 7 described TE strategies for cardiovascular aims, and 8 for dermal applications. However, only two clinical studies reported on three-dimensional (3D) and functional long-lasting TE constructs. The concept of generating 3D TE constructs and organs based on autologous molecules and cells is intriguing and promising. The first translational tissue-engineered products and techniques have been clinically implemented. However, despite the 30 years of research and development in this field, TE is still in its clinical infancy. Multiple experimental, ethical, budgetary, and regulatory difficulties hinder its rapid translation. Nevertheless, the first clinical applications show great promise and indicate that the translation towards clinical medical implementation has finally started.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lien Paternoster
- UZ Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg Hospital Pharmacy, 574134, Plastic Surgery , Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium, 3000;
| | - Jan Jeroen Vranckx
- Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, 60182, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leuven, Belgium;
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10
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Nouri Barkestani M, Naserian S, Uzan G, Shamdani S. Post-decellularization techniques ameliorate cartilage decellularization process for tissue engineering applications. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:2041731420983562. [PMID: 33738088 PMCID: PMC7934046 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420983562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the current lack of innovative and effective therapeutic approaches, tissue engineering (TE) has attracted much attention during the last decades providing new hopes for the treatment of several degenerative disorders. Tissue engineering is a complex procedure, which includes processes of decellularization and recellularization of biological tissues or functionalization of artificial scaffolds by active cells. In this review, we have first discussed those conventional steps, which have led to great advancements during the last several years. Moreover, we have paid special attention to the new methods of post-decellularization that can significantly ameliorate the efficiency of decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). We propose a series of post-decellularization procedures to overcome the current shortcomings such as low mechanical strength and poor bioactivity to improve decellularized ECM scaffold towards much more efficient and higher integration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sina Naserian
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies C2N, UMR9001, Palaiseau, France.,CellMedEx, Saint Maur Des Fossés, France
| | - Georges Uzan
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Sara Shamdani
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,CellMedEx, Saint Maur Des Fossés, France
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11
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Bauza G, Pasto A, Mcculloch P, Lintner D, Brozovich A, Niclot FB, Khan I, Francis LW, Tasciotti E, Taraballi F. Improving the immunosuppressive potential of articular chondroprogenitors in a three-dimensional culture setting. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16610. [PMID: 33024130 PMCID: PMC7538570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage repair in osteoarthritic patients remains a challenge. Identifying resident or donor stem/progenitor cell populations is crucial for augmenting the low intrinsic repair potential of hyaline cartilage. Furthermore, mediating the interaction between these cells and the local immunogenic environment is thought to be critical for long term repair and regeneration. In this study we propose articular cartilage progenitor/stem cells (CPSC) as a valid alternative to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) for cartilage repair strategies after trauma. Similar to BMMSC, CPSC isolated from osteoarthritic patients express stem cell markers and have chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation ability. In an in vitro 2D setting, CPSC show higher expression of SPP1 and LEP, markers of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, respectively. CPSC also display a higher commitment toward chondrogenesis as demonstrated by a higher expression of ACAN. BMMSC and CPSC were cultured in vitro using a previously established collagen-chondroitin sulfate 3D scaffold. The scaffold mimics the cartilage niche, allowing both cell populations to maintain their stem cell features and improve their immunosuppressive potential, demonstrated by the inhibition of activated PBMC proliferation in a co-culture setting. As a result, this study suggests articular cartilage derived-CPSC can be used as a novel tool for cellular and acellular regenerative medicine approaches for osteoarthritis (OA). In addition, the benefit of utilizing a biomimetic acellular scaffold as an advanced 3D culture system to more accurately mimic the physiological environment is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bauza
- Center for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University Bay, Singleton Park, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anna Pasto
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Patrick Mcculloch
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Lintner
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ava Brozovich
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, 8447 Highway 47, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Federica Banche Niclot
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Turin, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Center for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University Bay, Singleton Park, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lewis W Francis
- Center for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University Bay, Singleton Park, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Center for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University Bay, Singleton Park, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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12
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Tavakoli S, Ghaderi Jafarbeigloo HR, Shariati A, Jahangiryan A, Jadidi F, Jadidi Kouhbanani MA, Hassanzadeh A, Zamani M, Javidi K, Naimi A. Mesenchymal stromal cells; a new horizon in regenerative medicine. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9185-9210. [PMID: 32452052 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) biomedical utilizing has attracted worldwide growing attention. After the first report of the human MSCs obtaining from the bone marrow (BM) tissue, these cells were isolated from wide types of the other tissues, ranging from adipose tissue to dental pulp. Their specific characteristics, comprising self-renewality, multipotency, and availability accompanied by their immunomodulatory properties and little ethical concern denote their importance in the context of regenerative medicine. Considering preclinical studies, MSCs can modify immune reactions during tissue repair and restoration, providing suitable milieu for tissue recovery; on the other hand, they can be differentiated into comprehensive types of the body cells, such as osteoblast, chondrocyte, hepatocyte, cardiomyocyte, fibroblast, and neural cells. Though a large number of studies have investigated MSCs capacities in regenerative medicine in varied animal models, the oncogenic capability of unregulated MSCs differentiation must be more assessed to enable their application in the clinic. In the current review, we provide a brief overview of MSCs sources, isolation, and expansion as well as immunomodulatory activities. More important, we try to collect and discuss recent preclinical and clinical research and evaluate current challenges in the context of the MSC-based cell therapy for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Tavakoli
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Shariati
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Jahangiryan
- Immunology Department, Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine (IBTO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Jadidi
- Student Research Committee, Zarand School of Nursing, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammd Amin Jadidi Kouhbanani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Zamani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Kamran Javidi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Adel Naimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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13
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One-Year Outcomes of Intraarticular Fat Transplantation for Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis: Case Review of 99 Joints. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 145:151-159. [PMID: 31592943 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to present a new therapeutic option for the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis. Knowing that autologous fat may be beneficial for osteoarthritis through antiinflammatory and chondroprotective effects, the authors transplanted autologous adipose fat into the thumb carpometacarpal joint with the objective of postponing definite resection arthroplasty surgery. METHODS In this pilot study, the authors performed surgery on 99 joints. The study population consisted of patients with symptomatic and radiologically confirmed osteoarthritis of the thumb carpometacarpal joint. After harvesting abdominal adipose tissue, 1 to 2 ml of fat without physical or enzymatic manipulation were transplanted into the thumb carpometacarpal joint. Surgical outcome was quantified by use of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire in addition to strength and pain measurements during a 12-month follow-up consultation. We conducted Friedman's analysis of variance to gauge the differences over time regarding Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire and pain under stress. RESULTS From 2 weeks on, there was pain relief, both under stress and at rest. Friedman's analysis of variance revealed a significant change in pain under stress [chi-square (5) = 68.52; p < 0.001]. Postoperative Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire Scores improved significantly over 12 months [chi-square (5) = 90.56; p < 0.001]. CONCLUSION The authors' preliminary findings suggest that intraarticular autologous fat transplantation is a promising alternative treatment of carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis of the thumb. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, IV.
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14
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Song H, Park KH. Regulation and function of SOX9 during cartilage development and regeneration. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:12-23. [PMID: 32380234 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chondrogenesis is a highly coordinated event in embryo development, adult homeostasis, and repair of the vertebrate cartilage. Fate decisions and differentiation of chondrocytes accompany differential expression of genes critical for each step of chondrogenesis. SOX9 is a master transcription factor that participates in sequential events in chondrogenesis by regulating a series of downstream factors in a stage-specific manner. SOX9 either works alone or in combination with downstream SOX transcription factors, SOX5 and SOX6 as chondrogenic SOX Trio. SOX9 is reduced in the articular cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis while highly maintained during tumorigenesis of cartilage and bone. Gene therapy using viral and non-viral vectors accompanied by tissue engineering (scaffolds) is a promising tool to regenerate impaired cartilage. Delivery of SOX9 or chondrogenic SOX Trio into cells produces efficient therapeutic effects on chondrogenesis and this event is facilitated by scaffolds. Non-viral vector-guided delivery systems encapsulated or loaded in mechanically stable solid scaffolds are useful for the regeneration of articular cartilage. Here we review major milestones and most recent studies focusing on regulation and function of chondrogenic SOX Trio, during chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration, and on the development of advanced technologies in gene delivery with tissue engineering to improve efficiency of cartilage repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haengseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Hong Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Expression and function of cartilage-derived pluripotent cells in joint development and repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:111. [PMID: 32160923 PMCID: PMC7066750 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage-derived pluripotent cells reside in hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage. These cells have the potential for multidirectional differentiation; can undergo adipogenesis, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis; and have been classified as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) conforming to the minimal criteria of the International Society for Cellular Therapy. Cartilage tissue is prone to injury and is difficult to repair. As cartilage-derived pluripotent cells are the closest cell source to cartilage tissue, they are expected to have the strongest ability to differentiate into cartilage compared to other MSCs. This review focuses on the organizational distribution, expression, and function of cartilage-derived pluripotent cells in joint development and repair to help explore the therapeutic potential of in situ cartilage-derived pluripotent cells for joint cartilage repair.
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16
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Zhao X, Ruan J, Tang H, Li J, Shi Y, Li M, Li S, Xu C, Lu Q, Dai C. Multi-compositional MRI evaluation of repair cartilage in knee osteoarthritis with treatment of allogeneic human adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:308. [PMID: 31639063 PMCID: PMC6805685 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used multimodal compositional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, combined with clinical outcomes, to differentiate the alternations of composition in repair cartilage with allogeneic human adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (haMPCs) in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. METHODS Eighteen patients participated a phase I/IIa clinical trial. All patients were divided randomly into three groups with intra-articular injections of haMPCs: the low-dose (1.0 × 107 cells), mid-dose (2.0 × 107), and high-dose (5.0 × 107) groups with six patients each. Compositional MRI examinations and clinical evaluations were performed at different time points. RESULTS Significant differences were observed in quantitative T1rho, T2, T2star, R2star, and ADC measurements in patients of three dose groups, suggesting a possible compositional changes of cartilage with the treatment of allogeneic haMPCs. Also significant reduction in WOMAC and SF-36 scores showed the symptoms might be alleviated to some extent with this new treatment. As regards sensibilities of multi-parametric mappings to detect compositional or structural changes of cartilage, T1rho mapping was most sensitive to differentiate difference between three dose groups. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that multi-compositional MRI sequences might be an effective tool to evaluate the promotion of the repair of cartilage with allogeneic haMPCs by providing information of compositional alterations of cartilage. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials, NCT02641860 . Registered 3 December 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jingjing Ruan
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yingxuan Shi
- Cellular Biomedicine Group, Inc., No. 85 Faladi Road, Building 3, Zhangjiang, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Meng Li
- Cellular Biomedicine Group, Inc., No. 85 Faladi Road, Building 3, Zhangjiang, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Suke Li
- Cellular Biomedicine Group, Inc., No. 85 Faladi Road, Building 3, Zhangjiang, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Cuili Xu
- Cellular Biomedicine Group, Inc., No. 85 Faladi Road, Building 3, Zhangjiang, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Chengxiang Dai
- Cellular Biomedicine Group, Inc., No. 85 Faladi Road, Building 3, Zhangjiang, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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17
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Jiang R, Wang G, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhou L, Xu T. Three-dimensional bioprinting of auricular cartilage: A review. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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18
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Onoi Y, Hiranaka T, Nishida R, Takase K, Fujita M, Hida Y, Fujishiro T, Okamoto K. Second-look arthroscopic findings of cartilage and meniscus repair after injection of adipose-derived regenerative cells in knee osteoarthrits: Report of two cases. Regen Ther 2019; 11:212-216. [PMID: 31489345 PMCID: PMC6715888 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to use second-look arthroscopic findings and clinical assessment to determine outcome in two cases of knee osteoarthritis treated by intra-articular knee injection of adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs). Case presentation This study involved two patients who received ADRC therapy for knee osteoarthritis and completed the six-month post-treatment follow-up period. For each treatment, 130 mL of subcutaneous adipose tissue was harvested using tumescent liposuction technique and manual aspiration of tissue from the thigh using a suction cannula under local anesthesia in the operating room. The adipose tissue harvested was processed using the Celution® Centrifuge in a dedicated cell processing room. The ADRCs were injected into the articular cavity of both knees for one patient and into a single affected knee in the second patient (three joints). Pain and knee function were assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Knee Outcome in Osteoarthritis Score (KOOS) respectively. The cartilage defect was assessed by direct visualization (arthroscopy). No serious adverse events were reported throughout follow-up. Pain and knee function were significantly improved from baseline in all treated knees at one, three and six months after ADRCs. At six-months after ADRCs treatment, the second-look arthroscopy showed that almost all the cartilage defect areas were covered by regenerated cartilage, some cartilage fibrillation area was reduced, and meniscus tear areas were repaired. Conclusions Cartilage and meniscus repair were observed six-months after ADRCs therapy under second-look arthroscopy. It was shown that a single administration of ADRCs might be effective as a treatment for knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Onoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Joint Surgery Centre, Takatsuki General Hospital, 1-3-13, Kosobe-Cho, Takatsuki City, Osaka 561-1115, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hiranaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Joint Surgery Centre, Takatsuki General Hospital, 1-3-13, Kosobe-Cho, Takatsuki City, Osaka 561-1115, Japan
| | - Ryota Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Joint Surgery Centre, Takatsuki General Hospital, 1-3-13, Kosobe-Cho, Takatsuki City, Osaka 561-1115, Japan
| | - Kyohei Takase
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Joint Surgery Centre, Takatsuki General Hospital, 1-3-13, Kosobe-Cho, Takatsuki City, Osaka 561-1115, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Joint Surgery Centre, Takatsuki General Hospital, 1-3-13, Kosobe-Cho, Takatsuki City, Osaka 561-1115, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Joint Surgery Centre, Takatsuki General Hospital, 1-3-13, Kosobe-Cho, Takatsuki City, Osaka 561-1115, Japan
| | - Takaaki Fujishiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Joint Surgery Centre, Takatsuki General Hospital, 1-3-13, Kosobe-Cho, Takatsuki City, Osaka 561-1115, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Joint Surgery Centre, Takatsuki General Hospital, 1-3-13, Kosobe-Cho, Takatsuki City, Osaka 561-1115, Japan
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19
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Vaca-González JJ, Gutiérrez ML, Guevara JM, Garzón-Alvarado DA. Cellular automata model for human articular chondrocytes migration, proliferation and cell death: An in vitro validation. In Silico Biol 2019; 12:83-93. [PMID: 26756921 DOI: 10.3233/isb-150466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is characterized by low cell density of only one cell type, chondrocytes, and has limited self-healing properties. When articular cartilage is affected by traumatic injuries, a therapeutic strategy such as autologous chondrocyte implantation is usually proposed for its treatment. This approach requires in vitro chondrocyte expansion to yield high cell number for cell transplantation. To improve the efficiency of this procedure, it is necessary to assess cell dynamics such as migration, proliferation and cell death during culture. Computational models such as cellular automata can be used to simulate cell dynamics in order to enhance the result of cell culture procedures. This methodology has been implemented for several cell types; however, an experimental validation is required for each one. For this reason, in this research a cellular automata model, based on random-walk theory, was devised in order to predict articular chondrocyte behavior in monolayer culture during cell expansion. Results demonstrated that the cellular automata model corresponded to cell dynamics and computed-accurate quantitative results. Moreover, it was possible to observe that cell dynamics depend on weighted probabilities derived from experimental data and cell behavior varies according to the cell culture period. Thus, depending on whether cells were just seeded or proliferated exponentially, culture time probabilities differed in percentages in the CA model. Furthermore, in the experimental assessment a decreased chondrocyte proliferation was observed along with increased passage number. This approach is expected to having other uses as in enhancing articular cartilage therapies based on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Vaca-González
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, School of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Biomimetics Laboratory, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M L Gutiérrez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J M Guevara
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D A Garzón-Alvarado
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group, Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Biomimetics Laboratory, Bogotá, Colombia
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20
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Zhou J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zeng H, Xu H, Lian F. Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviated osteoarthritis and chondrocyte apoptosis through autophagy inducing. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2198-2212. [PMID: 30315711 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to explore the effect of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) on a knee osteoarthritis rat model and analyze how ADMSCs affect chondrocyte apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A surgically induced rat knee osteoarthritis (OA) model was constructed. ADMSCs were engrafted into the right knee cavity. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson, and Safranin O were used to compare the histopathology of synovial membrane and cartilage. Immunohistochemical (IHC) was used to measure MMP-13, Collagen 2 (Col-2), Caspase-3 (Cas-3), PARP, p62, LC3b, DDR-2, FGFR-1, Wnt, P-AKT/AKT, p-CAMKII/CAMKII, and p-Smad1/Smad1 expression in the articular cartilage. qPCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect mRNA and protein levels of markers in chondrocytes. TUNEL and Annexin-V were used to assess apoptosis. RESULTS Histological analysis showed that ADMSCs alleviated the deterioration of cartilage and osteoarthritis. ADMSCs coculture increase the expression of Col2 and Sox-9, while down regulated MMP-13 in IL-1β stimulated chondrocytes. ADMSCs decreased proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. ADMSCs enhanced the viability of IL-1β stimulated chondrocytes. ADMSC attenuated chondrocyte apoptosis. The pretreatment of 3-methyladenine (3-MA) reversed the reduction of Caspase-3 caused by ADMSCs, showing that the antiapoptotic effect was associated with autophagy inducing. ADMSCs significantly reduced the expression of FGFR-1, DDR-2, and Wnt in IL-1β stimulated chondrocytes. ADMSCs reduced the ratio of p-Smad1/Smad1 and p-CAMK II/CAMKII, and increased the ratio of p-AKT/AKT. CONCLUSIONS ADMSCs treatment alleviate osteoarthritis in rat OA models. AMDSCs reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and protected against apoptosis through autophagy inducing. ADMSCs' function could be related to multiple signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Interventional Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Interventional Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanjiang Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanshi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Lian
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Head to Knee: Cranial Neural Crest-Derived Cells as Promising Candidates for Human Cartilage Repair. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9310318. [PMID: 30766608 PMCID: PMC6350557 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9310318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A large array of therapeutic procedures is available to treat cartilage disorders caused by trauma or inflammatory disease. Most are invasive and may result in treatment failure or development of osteoarthritis due to extensive cartilage damage from repeated surgery. Despite encouraging results of early cell therapy trials that used chondrocytes collected during arthroscopic surgery, these approaches have serious disadvantages, including morbidity associated with cell harvesting and low predictive clinical outcomes. To overcome these limitations, adult stem cells derived from bone marrow and subsequently from other tissues are now considered as preferred sources of cells for cartilage regeneration. Moreover, with new evidence showing that the choice of cell source is one of the most important factors for successful cell therapy, there is growing interest in neural crest-derived cells in both the research and clinical communities. Neural crest-derived cells such as nasal chondrocytes and oral stem cells that exhibit chondrocyte-like properties seem particularly promising in cartilage repair. Here, we review the types of cells currently available for cartilage cell therapy, including articular chondrocytes and various mesenchymal stem cells, and then highlight recent developments in the use of neural crest-derived chondrocytes and oral stem cells for repair of cartilage lesions.
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22
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López-Ruiz E, Jiménez G, Kwiatkowski W, Montañez E, Arrebola F, Carrillo E, Choe S, Marchal J, Perán M, Perán M. Impact of TGF-β family-related growth factors on chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells isolated from lipoaspirates and infrapatellar fat pads of osteoarthritic patients. Eur Cell Mater 2018; 35:209-224. [PMID: 29652075 PMCID: PMC5922762 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v035a15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of cell-based approaches for the treatment of cartilage defects requires an optimal autologous cell source with chondrogenic differentiation ability that maintains its differentiated properties and stability following implantation. The objective of this study was to compare the chondrogenic capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from lipoaspirates (ASCs) and the infrapatellar fat pad (IFPSCs) of osteoarthritic patients and treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family-related growth factors. Cells were cultured for 6 weeks in a 3D pellet culture system with the chimeric activin A/bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2 ligand (AB235), the chimeric nodal/BMP-2 ligand (NB260) or BMP-2. To investigate the stability of the new cartilage, ASCs-treated pellets were transplanted subcutaneously into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Histological and immunohistochemical assessment confirmed that the growth factors induced cartilage differentiation in both isolated cell types. However, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR results showed that ASCs presented a higher chondrogenic potential than IFPSCs. In vivo results revealed that AB235-treated ASCs pellets were larger in size and could form stable cartilage-like tissue as compared to NB260-treated pellets, while BMP-2-treated pellets underwent calcification. The chondrogenic induction of ASCs by AB235 treatment was mediated by SMAD2/3 activation, as proved by immunofluorescence analysis. The results of this study indicated that the combination of ASCs and AB235 might lead to a cell-based cartilage regeneration treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. López-Ruiz
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain,Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - G. Jiménez
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Excellence Research Unit “Modelling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, Spain,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - W. Kwiatkowski
- Drug Discovery Collaboratory, Qualcomm Institute, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - E. Montañez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain,Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - F. Arrebola
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - E. Carrillo
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Excellence Research Unit “Modelling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, Spain,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - S. Choe
- Drug Discovery Collaboratory, Qualcomm Institute, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - J.A. Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Excellence Research Unit “Modelling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, Spain,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Perán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain,Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Address for correspondence: Macarena Perán, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén E-23071, Spain. Telephone number: +34 953213656, Fax number: +34 953212943,
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Lam J, Lee EJ, Clark EC, Mikos AG. Honing Cell and Tissue Culture Conditions for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:a025734. [PMID: 28348176 PMCID: PMC5710100 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An avenue of tremendous interest and need in health care encompasses the regeneration of bone and cartilage. Over the years, numerous tissue engineering strategies have contributed substantial progress toward the realization of clinically relevant therapies. Cell and tissue culture protocols, however, show many variations that make experimental results among different publications challenging to compare. This collection surveys prevalent cell sources, soluble factors, culture medium formulations, environmental factors, and genetic modification approaches in the literature. The intent of consolidating this information is to provide a starting resource for scientists considering how to optimize the parameters for cell differentiation and tissue culture procedures within the context of bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Esther J Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Elisa C Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
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The Challenge in Using Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Recellularization of Decellularized Cartilage. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:50-67. [PMID: 27826794 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some decellularized musculoskeletal extracellular matrices (ECM)s derived from tissues such as bone, tendon and fibrocartilaginous meniscus have already been clinical use for tissue reconstruction. Repair of articular cartilage with its unique zonal ECM architecture and composition is still an unsolved problem, and the question is whether allogenic or xenogeneic decellularized cartilage ECM could serve as a biomimetic scaffold for this purpose.Hence, this survey outlines the present state of preparing decellularized cartilage ECM-derived scaffolds or composites for reconstruction of different cartilage types and of reseeding it particularly with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs).The preparation of natural decellularized cartilage ECM scaffolds hampers from the high density of the cartilage ECM and lacking interconnectivity of the rather small natural pores within it: the chondrocytes lacunae. Nevertheless, the reseeding of decellularized ECM scaffolds before implantation provided superior results compared with simply implanting cell-free constructs in several other tissues, but cartilage recellularization remains still challenging. Induced by cartilage ECM-derived scaffolds MSCs underwent chondrogenesis.Major problems to be addressed for the application of cell-free cartilage were discussed such as to maintain ECM structure, natural chemistry, biomechanics and to achieve a homogenous and stable cell recolonization, promote chondrogenic and prevent terminal differentiation (hypertrophy) and induce the deposition of a novel functional ECM. Some promising approaches were proposed including further processing of the decellularized ECM before recellularization of the ECM with MSCs, co-culturing of MSCs with chondrocytes and establishing bioreactor culture e.g. with mechanostimulation, flow perfusion pressure and lowered oxygen tension. Graphical Abstract Synopsis of tissue engineering approaches based on cartilage-derived ECM.
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Gelatin Scaffolds Containing Partially Sulfated Cellulose Promote Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1011-1021. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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26
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Ramezanifard R, Kabiri M, Hanaee Ahvaz H. Effects of platelet rich plasma and chondrocyte co-culture on MSC chondrogenesis, hypertrophy and pathological responses. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:1031-1045. [PMID: 28900383 PMCID: PMC5579395 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regarding the inadequate healing capability of cartilage tissue, cell-based therapy is making the future of cartilage repair and regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have shown great promise in cartilage regeneration. However, a yet-unresolved issue is the emergence of hypertrophic and pathologic markers during in vitro MSC chondrogenesis. Articular chondrocytes (AC) can suppress the undesired hypertrophy when co-cultured with MSC. On the other hand, platelet rich plasma (PRP), is considered potentially effective for cartilage repair and in-vitro chondrogenesis. We thus aimed to harness chondro-promotive effects of PRP and hypertrophic-suppressive effects of AC:MSC co-culture to achieve a more functional cartilage neo-tissue. We used PRP or conventional-differentiation chondrogenic media (ConvDiff) in MSC mono-cultures and AC:MSC co-cultures. We assessed gene expression of chondrogenic and hypertrophic markers using real-time RT-PCR and immunostaining. Alkaline-phosphatase activity (ALP) and calcium content of the pellets were quantified. We also measured VEGF and TNF-α secretion via ELISA. We showed PRP had higher chondrogenic potential (in mRNA and protein level) and hypertrophic-suppressive effects than Conv-Diff (mRNA level). Co-culturing reduced ALP while PRP increased calcium deposition. In all four groups, TNF-α was down-regulated compared to MSC controls, with co-cultures receiving ConvDiff media secreting the least. Meanwhile, the only group with increased VEGF secretion was PRP-mono-cultures. We observed synergistic effects for PRP and AC:MSC co-culture in enhancing chondrogenesis. Inclusion of AC reduced hypertrophic markers and angiogenic potential in PRP groups. We thus propose that combination of PRP and co-culture would favor chondrogenesis while alleviate but not totally eradicate undesired hypertrophic and pathologic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhallah Ramezanifard
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Kabiri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Hana Hanaee Ahvaz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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Choi E, Lee J, Lee S, Song BW, Seo HH, Cha MJ, Lim S, Lee C, Song SW, Han G, Hwang KC. Potential therapeutic application of small molecule with sulfonamide for chondrogenic differentiation and articular cartilage repair. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5098-5102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Yang D, Chen S, Gao C, Liu X, Zhou Y, Liu P, Cai J. Chemically defined serum-free conditions for cartilage regeneration from human embryonic stem cells. Life Sci 2016; 164:9-14. [PMID: 27633838 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to improve a method that induce cartilage differentiation of human embryoid stem cells (hESCs) in vitro, and test the effect of in vivo environments on the further maturation of hESCs derived cells. MAIN METHODS Embryoid bodies (EBs) formed from hESCs, with serum-free KSR-based medium and mesodermal specification related factors, CHIR, and Noggin for first 8days. Then cells were digested and cultured as micropellets in serum-free KSR-based chondrogenic medium that was supplemented with PDGF-BB, TGF β3, BMP4 in sequence for 24days. The morphology, FACS, histological staining as well as the expression of chondrogenic specific genes were detected in each stage, and further in vivo experiments, cell injections and tissue transplantations, further verified the formation of chondrocytes. KEY FINDINGS We were able to obtain chondrocyte/cartilage from hESCs using serum-free KSR-based conditioned medium. qPCR analysis showed that expression of the chondroprogenitor genes and the chondrocyte/cartilage matrix genes. Morphology analysis demonstrated we got PG+COL2+COL1-particles. It indicated we obtained hyaline cartilage-like particles. 32-Day differential cells were injected subcutaneous. Staining results showed grafts developed further mature in vivo. But when transplanted in subrenal capsule, their effect was not good as in subcutaneous. Microenvironment might affect the cartilage formation. SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study provide an absolute serum-free and efficient approach for generation of hESC-derived chondrocytes, and cells will become further maturation in vivo. It provides evidence and technology for the hypothesis that hESCs may be a promising therapy for the treatment of cartilage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- Experimental Center of Pathogenobiology Immunology Cytobiology and Genetics, Basic Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shubin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Changzhao Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yulai Zhou
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
| | - Jinglei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Jayasuriya CT, Chen Y, Liu W, Chen Q. The influence of tissue microenvironment on stem cell-based cartilage repair. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1383:21-33. [PMID: 27464254 PMCID: PMC5599120 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have become viable cell sources for prospective cell-based cartilage engineering and tissue repair. The development and function of stem cells are influenced by the tissue microenvironment. Specifically, the local tissue microenvironment can dictate how stem cells integrate into the existing tissue matrix and how successfully they can restore function to the damaged area in question. This review focuses on the microenvironmental features of articular cartilage and how they influence stem cell-based cartilage tissue repair. Also discussed are current tissue-engineering strategies used in combination with cell-based therapies, all of which are designed to mimic the natural properties of cartilage tissue in order to achieve a better healing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathuraka T Jayasuriya
- Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.,Bone and Joint Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.,Bone and Joint Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- Bone and Joint Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.,Bone and Joint Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Ozeki N, Muneta T, Koga H, Nakagawa Y, Mizuno M, Tsuji K, Mabuchi Y, Akazawa C, Kobayashi E, Matsumoto K, Futamura K, Saito T, Sekiya I. Not single but periodic injections of synovial mesenchymal stem cells maintain viable cells in knees and inhibit osteoarthritis progression in rats. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1061-70. [PMID: 26880531 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of single or repetitive intra-articular injections of synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on a rat osteoarthritis (OA) model, and elucidated the behaviors and underlying mechanisms of the stem cells after the injection. DESIGN One week after the transection of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of wild type Lewis rats, one million synovial MSCs were injected into the knee joint every week. Cartilage degeneration was evaluated with safranin-o staining after the first injection. To analyze cell kinetics or MSC properties, luciferase, LacZ, and GFP expressing synovial MSCs were used. To confirm the role of MSCs, species-specific microarray and PCR analyses were performed using human synovial MSCs. RESULTS Histological analysis for femoral and tibial cartilage showed that a single injection was ineffective but weekly injections had significant chondroprotective effects for 12 weeks. Histological and flow-cytometric analyses of LacZ and GFP expressing synovial MSCs revealed that injected MSCs migrated mainly into the synovium and most of them retained their undifferentiated MSC properties though the migrated cells rapidly decreased. In vivo imaging analysis revealed that MSCs maintained in knees while weekly injection. Species-specific microarray and PCR analyses showed that the human mRNAs on day 1 for 21 genes increased over 50-fold, and increased the expressions of PRG-4, BMP-2, and BMP-6 genes encoding chondroprotective proteins, and TSG-6 encoding an anti-inflammatory one. CONCLUSION Not single but periodic injections of synovial MSCs maintained viable cells without losing their MSC properties in knees and inhibited osteoarthritis (OA) progression by secretion of trophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ozeki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - T Muneta
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - H Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Y Nakagawa
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - M Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - K Tsuji
- Department of Cartilage Regeneration, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Y Mabuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - C Akazawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - E Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - K Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - K Futamura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - T Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - I Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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Prein C, Warmbold N, Farkas Z, Schieker M, Aszodi A, Clausen-Schaumann H. Structural and mechanical properties of the proliferative zone of the developing murine growth plate cartilage assessed by atomic force microscopy. Matrix Biol 2016; 50:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Izadifar Z, Chang T, Kulyk W, Chen X, Eames BF. Analyzing Biological Performance of 3D-Printed, Cell-Impregnated Hybrid Constructs for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:173-88. [PMID: 26592915 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of hybrid constructs is a promising biofabrication method for cartilage tissue engineering because a synthetic polymer framework and cell-impregnated hydrogel provide structural and biological features of cartilage, respectively. During bioprinting, impregnated cells may be subjected to high temperatures (caused by the adjacent melted polymer) and process-induced mechanical forces, potentially compromising cell function. This study addresses these biofabrication issues, evaluating the heat distribution of printed polycaprolactone (PCL) strands and the rheological property and structural stability of alginate hydrogels at various temperatures and concentrations. The biocompatibility of parameters from these studies was tested by culturing 3D hybrid constructs bioprinted with primary cells from embryonic chick cartilage. During initial two-dimensional culture expansion of these primary cells, two morphologically and molecularly distinct cell populations ("rounded" and "fibroblastic") were isolated. The biological performance of each population was evaluated in 3D hybrid constructs separately. The cell viability, proliferation, and cartilage differentiation were observed at high levels in hybrid constructs of both cell populations, confirming the validity of these 3D bioprinting parameters for effective cartilage tissue engineering. Statistically significant performance variations were observed, however, between the rounded and fibroblastic cell populations. Molecular and morphological data support the notion that such performance differences may be attributed to the relative differentiation state of rounded versus fibroblastic cells (i.e., differentiated chondrocytes vs. chondroprogenitors, respectively), which is a relevant issue for cell-based tissue engineering strategies. Taken together, our study demonstrates that bioprinting 3D hybrid constructs of PCL and cell-impregnated alginate hydrogel is a promising approach for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Izadifar
- 1 Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Tuanjie Chang
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada
| | - William Kulyk
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- 1 Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada .,3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada
| | - B Frank Eames
- 1 Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada .,2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada
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Akkiraju H, Nohe A. Role of Chondrocytes in Cartilage Formation, Progression of Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Regeneration. J Dev Biol 2015; 3:177-192. [PMID: 27347486 PMCID: PMC4916494 DOI: 10.3390/jdb3040177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) covers the diarthrodial joints and is responsible for the mechanical distribution of loads across the joints. The majority of its structure and function is controlled by chondrocytes that regulate Extracellular Matrix (ECM) turnover and maintain tissue homeostasis. Imbalance in their function leads to degenerative diseases like Osteoarthritis (OA). OA is characterized by cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation and stiffening of joints. Cartilage degeneration is a consequence of chondrocyte hypertrophy along with the expression of proteolytic enzymes. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) are an example of these enzymes that degrade the ECM. Signaling cascades involved in limb patterning and cartilage repair play a role in OA progression. However, the regulation of these remains to be elucidated. Further the role of stem cells and mature chondrocytes in OA progression is unclear. The progress in cell based therapies that utilize Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) infusion for cartilage repair may lead to new therapeutics in the long term. However, many questions are unanswered such as the efficacy of MSCs usage in therapy. This review focuses on the role of chondrocytes in cartilage formation and the progression of OA. Moreover, it summarizes possible alternative therapeutic approaches using MSC infusion for cartilage restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Nohe
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-302-831-2959; Fax: +1-302-831-2281
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Henriksson HB, Papadimitriou N, Tschernitz S, Svala E, Skioldebrand E, Windahl S, Junevik K, Brisby H. Indications of that migration of stem cells is influenced by the extra cellular matrix architecture in the mammalian intervertebral disk region. Tissue Cell 2015; 47:439-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ruiz M, Cosenza S, Maumus M, Jorgensen C, Noël D. Therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 16:33-42. [PMID: 26413975 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1093108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by cartilage degradation and subchondral bone alterations. This disease represents a global public health problem whose prevalence is rapidly growing with the increasing aging of the population. With the discovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) as possible therapeutic agents, their potential for repairing cartilage damage in OA is under investigation. AREAS COVERED Characterization of MSCs and their functional properties are mentioned with an insight into their trophic function and secretory profile. We present a special focus on the types of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are produced by MSCs and their role in the paracrine activity of MSCs. We then discuss the therapeutic approaches that have been evaluated in pre-clinical models of OA and the results coming out from the clinical trials in patients with OA. EXPERT OPINION MSC-based therapy seems a promising approach for the treatment of patients with OA. Further research is still needed to demonstrate their efficacy in clinical trials using controlled, prospective studies. However, the emergence of MSC-derived EVs as possible therapeutic agents could be an alternative to cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Ruiz
- a 1 Inserm, U1183, CHRU Saint Eloi, Hôpital Saint-Eloi , 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, F-34295, France +33 4 67 33 04 73 ; +33 4 67 33 01 13 ; .,b 2 Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine , Montpellier, F-34000, France
| | - Stella Cosenza
- a 1 Inserm, U1183, CHRU Saint Eloi, Hôpital Saint-Eloi , 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, F-34295, France +33 4 67 33 04 73 ; +33 4 67 33 01 13 ; .,b 2 Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine , Montpellier, F-34000, France
| | - Marie Maumus
- a 1 Inserm, U1183, CHRU Saint Eloi, Hôpital Saint-Eloi , 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, F-34295, France +33 4 67 33 04 73 ; +33 4 67 33 01 13 ; .,b 2 Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine , Montpellier, F-34000, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- a 1 Inserm, U1183, CHRU Saint Eloi, Hôpital Saint-Eloi , 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, F-34295, France +33 4 67 33 04 73 ; +33 4 67 33 01 13 ; .,b 2 Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine , Montpellier, F-34000, France.,c 3 Hôpital Lapeyronie, Service d'immuno-Rhumatologie , Montpellier, F-34295, France
| | - Danièle Noël
- a 1 Inserm, U1183, CHRU Saint Eloi, Hôpital Saint-Eloi , 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, F-34295, France +33 4 67 33 04 73 ; +33 4 67 33 01 13 ; .,b 2 Université Montpellier, UFR de Médecine , Montpellier, F-34000, France.,c 3 Hôpital Lapeyronie, Service d'immuno-Rhumatologie , Montpellier, F-34295, France
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Kuroda K, Kabata T, Hayashi K, Maeda T, Kajino Y, Iwai S, Fujita K, Hasegawa K, Inoue D, Sugimoto N, Tsuchiya H. The paracrine effect of adipose-derived stem cells inhibits osteoarthritis progression. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:236. [PMID: 26336958 PMCID: PMC4559871 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine whether intra-articularly injected adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) inhibited articular cartilage degeneration during osteoarthritis (OA) development in a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model. The paracrine effects of ADSCs on chondrocytes were investigated using a co-culture system. Methods ACLT was performed on both knee joints of 12 rabbits. ADSCs were isolated from the subcutaneous adipose tissue. ADSCs with hyaluronic acid were intra-articularly injected into the left knee, and hyaluronic acid was injected into the right knee. The knees were compared macroscopically, histologically, and immunohistochemically at 8 and 12 weeks. In addition, cell viability was determined using co-culture system of ADSCs and chondrocytes. Results Macroscopically, osteoarthritis progression was milder in the ADSC-treated knees than in the control knees 8 weeks after ACLT. Histologically, control knees showed obvious erosions in both the medial and lateral condyles at 8 weeks, while cartilage was predominantly retained in the ADSC-treated knees. At 12 weeks, the ADSC-treated knees showed a slight suppression of cartilage degeneration, unlike the control knees. Immunohistochemically, MMP-13 expression was less in the ADSC-treated cartilage than in the control knees. The cell viability of chondrocytes co-cultured with ADSCs was higher than that of chondrocytes cultured alone. TNF-alpha-induced apoptotic stimulation was similar between the two groups. Conclusions Intra-articularly injected ADSCs inhibited cartilage degeneration progression by homing to the synovium and secreting a liquid factor having chondro-protective effects such as chondrocyte proliferation and cartilage matrix protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Tamon Kabata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Toru Maeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Yoshitomo Kajino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Iwai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Kenji Fujita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Hasegawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Naotoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
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Koh YG, Choi YJ, Kwon SK, Kim YS, Yeo JE. Clinical results and second-look arthroscopic findings after treatment with adipose-derived stem cells for knee osteoarthritis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23:1308-1316. [PMID: 24326779 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-013-2807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, the clinical outcomes and second-look arthroscopic findings of intra-articular injection of stem cells with arthroscopic lavage for treatment of elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) were evaluated. METHODS Stem cell injections combined with arthroscopic lavage were administered to 30 elderly patients (≥65 years) with knee OA. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was harvested from both buttocks by liposuction. After stromal vascular fractions were isolated, a mean of 4.04 × 10(6) stem cells (9.7 % of 4.16 × 10(7) stromal vascular fraction cells) were prepared and injected in the selected knees of patients after arthroscopic lavage. Outcome measures included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores, visual analog scale, and Lysholm score at preoperative and 3-, 12-, and 2-year follow-up visits. Sixteen patients underwent second-look arthroscopy. RESULTS Almost all patients showed significant improvement in all clinical outcomes at the final follow-up examination. All clinical results significantly improved at 2-year follow-up compared to 12-month follow-up (P < 0.05). Among elderly patients aged >65 years, only five patients demonstrated worsening of Kellgren-Lawrence grade. On second-look arthroscopy, 87.5 % of elderly patients (14/16) improved or maintained cartilage status at least 2 years postoperatively. Moreover, none of the patients underwent total knee arthroplasty during this 2-year period. CONCLUSION Adipose-derived stem cell therapy for elderly patients with knee OA was effective in cartilage healing, reducing pain, and improving function. Therefore, adipose-derived stem cell treatment appears to be a good option for OA treatment in elderly patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic case series study, Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gon Koh
- Center for Stem Cell and Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, 478-3, Bangbae-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jin Choi
- Center for Stem Cell and Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, 478-3, Bangbae-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sae-Kwang Kwon
- Center for Stem Cell and Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, 478-3, Bangbae-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sang Kim
- Center for Stem Cell and Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, 478-3, Bangbae-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee-Eun Yeo
- Center for Stem Cell and Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, 478-3, Bangbae-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Ravanbod R, Torkaman G, Mophid M, Mohammadali F. Experimental study on the role of intra-articular injection of MSCs on cartilage regeneration in haemophilia. Haemophilia 2015; 21:693-701. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ravanbod
- Department of Physical Therapy; Biomechanical Research Laboratory; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - G. Torkaman
- Department of Physical Therapy; Biomechanical Research Laboratory; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - M. Mophid
- Department of Histology; Baquiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - F. Mohammadali
- Department of Hematology; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
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Skalova S, Svadlakova T, Shaikh Qureshi WM, Dev K, Mokry J. Induced pluripotent stem cells and their use in cardiac and neural regenerative medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4043-67. [PMID: 25689424 PMCID: PMC4346943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16024043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are unique pools of cells that are crucial for embryonic development and maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis. The landmark Nobel Prize winning research by Yamanaka and colleagues to induce pluripotency in somatic cells has reshaped the field of stem cell research. The complications related to the usage of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in human medicine, particularly ESC isolation and histoincompatibility were bypassed with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology. The human iPSCs can be used for studying embryogenesis, disease modeling, drug testing and regenerative medicine. iPSCs can be diverted to different cell lineages using small molecules and growth factors. In this review we have focused on iPSC differentiation towards cardiac and neuronal lineages. Moreover, we deal with the use of iPSCs in regenerative medicine and modeling diseases like myocardial infarction, Timothy syndrome, dilated cardiomyopathy, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease. Despite the promising potential of iPSCs, genome contamination and low efficacy of cell reprogramming remain significant challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepanka Skalova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 50038, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Svadlakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 50038, Czech Republic.
| | - Wasay Mohiuddin Shaikh Qureshi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 50038, Czech Republic.
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 50038, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Mokry
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, Hradec Kralove 50038, Czech Republic.
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Mazor M, Lespessailles E, Coursier R, Daniellou R, Best TM, Toumi H. Mesenchymal stem-cell potential in cartilage repair: an update. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:2340-50. [PMID: 25353372 PMCID: PMC4302639 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage damage and subsequent degeneration are a frequent occurrence in synovial joints. Treatment of these lesions is a challenge because this tissue is incapable of quality repair and/or regeneration to its native state. Non-operative treatments endeavour to control symptoms and include anti-inflammatory medications, viscosupplementation, bracing, orthotics and activity modification. Classical surgical techniques for articular cartilage lesions are frequently insufficient in restoring normal anatomy and function and in many cases, it has not been possible to achieve the desired results. Consequently, researchers and clinicians are focusing on alternative methods for cartilage preservation and repair. Recently, cell-based therapy has become a key focus of tissue engineering research to achieve functional replacement of articular cartilage. The present manuscript is a brief review of stem cells and their potential in the treatment of early OA (i.e. articular cartilage pathology) and recent progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mazor
- IPROS, CHRO, EA4708 Orleans University, Orleans, France
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Matrilin-3 chondrodysplasia mutations cause attenuated chondrogenesis, premature hypertrophy and aberrant response to TGF-β in chondroprogenitor cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:14555-73. [PMID: 25196597 PMCID: PMC4159868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that mutations in the matrilin-3 gene (MATN3) are associated with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) and spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD). We tested whether MATN3 mutations affect the differentiation of chondroprogenitor and/or mesenchymal stem cells, which are precursors to chondrocytes. ATDC5 chondroprogenitors stably expressing wild-type (WT) MATN3 underwent spontaneous chondrogenesis. Expression of chondrogenic markers collagen II and aggrecan was inhibited in chondroprogenitors carrying the MED or SEMD MATN3 mutations. Hypertrophic marker collagen X remained attenuated in WT MATN3 chondroprogenitors, whereas its expression was elevated in chondroprogenitors expressing the MED or SEMD mutant MATN3 gene suggesting that these mutations inhibit chondrogenesis but promote hypertrophy. TGF-β treatment failed to rescue chondrogenesis markers but dramatically increased collagen X mRNA expression in mutant MATN3 expressing chondroprogenitors. Synovium derived mesenchymal stem cells harboring the SEMD mutation exhibited lower glycosaminoglycan content than those of WT MATN3 in response to TGF-β. Our results suggest that the properties of progenitor cells harboring MATN3 chondrodysplasia mutations were altered, as evidenced by attenuated chondrogenesis and premature hypertrophy. TGF-β treatment failed to completely rescue chondrogenesis but instead induced hypertrophy in mutant MATN3 chondroprogenitors. Our data suggest that chondroprogenitor cells should be considered as a potential target of chondrodysplasia therapy.
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Functional cartilage repair capacity of de-differentiated, chondrocyte- and mesenchymal stem cell-laden hydrogels in vitro. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:1148-57. [PMID: 24887551 PMCID: PMC5398282 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long-term performance of cell-seeded matrix-based cartilage constructs depends on (1) the development of sufficient biomechanical properties, and (2) lateral integration with host tissues, both of which require cartilage-specific matrix deposition within the scaffold. In this study, we have examined the potential of tissue-engineered cartilage analogs developed using different cell types, i.e., mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) vs chondrocytes and de-differentiated chondrocytes, in an established "construct in cartilage ring" model. DESIGN Cell-laden constructs of differentiated chondrocytes, de-differentiated chondrocytes after two, five or eight population doublings, and MSCs were either implanted into a native cartilage ring immediately after fabrication (immature group) or pre-treated for 21 days in a transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) containing medium prior to implantation. After additional culture for 28 days in a serum-free, chemically defined medium, the extent of lateral integration, and biochemical and biomechanical characteristics of the implants as hybrid constructs were assessed. RESULTS The quality of integration, the amount of accumulated cartilage-specific matrix components and associated biomechanical properties were found to be highest when using differentiated chondrocytes. De-differentiation of chondrocytes negatively impacted the properties of the implants, as even two population doublings of the chondrocytes in culture significantly lowered cartilage repair capacity. In contrast, MSCs showed chondrogenic differentiation with TGF-β3 pre-treatment and superior integrational behavior. CONCLUSIONS Chondrocyte expansion and de-differentiation impaired the cell response, resulting in inferior cartilage repair in vitro. With TGF-β3 pre-treatment, MSCs were able to undergo sustained chondrogenic differentiation and exhibited superior matrix deposition and integration compared to de-differentiated chondrocytes.
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Schelbergen RF, van Dalen S, ter Huurne M, Roth J, Vogl T, Noël D, Jorgensen C, van den Berg WB, van de Loo FA, Blom AB, van Lent PLEM. Treatment efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells in experimental osteoarthritis is driven by high synovial activation and reflected by S100A8/A9 serum levels. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:1158-66. [PMID: 24928317 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovitis is evident in a substantial subpopulation of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and is associated with development of pathophysiology. Recently we have shown that adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) inhibit joint destruction in collagenase-induced experimental OA (CIOA). In the current study we explored the role of synovitis and alarmins S100A8/A9 in the immunomodulatory capacity of ASCs in experimental OA. METHOD CIOA, characterized by synovitis, and surgical DMM (destabilization of medial meniscus) OA were treated locally with ASCs. Synovial activation, cartilage damage and osteophyte size were measured on histological sections. Cytokines in synovial washouts and serum were determined using Luminex or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (S100A8/A9), mRNA levels with reverse-transcriptase (RT)-qPCR. RESULTS Local administration of ASCs at various time-points (days 7 or 14) after DMM induction had no effect on OA pathology. At day 7 of CIOA, already 6 h after ASC injection mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators S100A8/A9, interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and KC was down-regulated in the synovium. IL-1β protein, although low, was down-regulated by ASC-treatment of CIOA. S100A8/A9 protein levels were very high at 6 and 48 h and were decreased by ASC-treatment. The protective action of ASC treatment in CIOA was only found when high synovial inflammation was present at the time of deposition which was reflected by high serum S100A8/A9 levels. Finally, successful treatment resulted in significantly lower levels of serum S100A8/A9. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that synovial activation rapidly drives anti-inflammatory and protective effects of intra-articularly deposited ASCs in experimental OA which is reflected by decreased S100A8/A9 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Schelbergen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - S van Dalen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M ter Huurne
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Munster, Germany
| | - T Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Munster, Germany
| | - D Noël
- Inserm U844, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - C Jorgensen
- Inserm U844, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - W B van den Berg
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - F A van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A B Blom
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P L E M van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Hubka KM, Dahlin RL, Meretoja VV, Kasper FK, Mikos AG. Enhancing chondrogenic phenotype for cartilage tissue engineering: monoculture and coculture of articular chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:641-54. [PMID: 24834484 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage exhibits an inherently low rate of regeneration. Consequently, damage to articular cartilage often requires surgical intervention. However, existing treatments generally result in the formation of fibrocartilage tissue, which is inferior to native articular cartilage. As a result, cartilage engineering strategies seek to repair or replace damaged cartilage with an engineered tissue that restores full functionality to the impaired joint. These strategies often involve the use of chondrocytes, yet in vitro expansion and culture can lead to undesirable changes in chondrocyte phenotype. This review focuses on the use of articular chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in either monoculture or coculture for the enhancement of chondrogenesis. Coculture strategies increasingly outperform their monoculture counterparts with regard to chondrogenesis and present unique opportunities to attain chondrocyte phenotype stability in vitro. Methods to prevent chondrocyte dedifferentiation and promote chondrocyte redifferentiation as well as to promote the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs while preventing MSC hypertrophy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsea M Hubka
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas
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Jenner F, IJpma A, Cleary M, Heijsman D, Narcisi R, van der Spek PJ, Kremer A, van Weeren R, Brama P, van Osch GJVM. Differential gene expression of the intermediate and outer interzone layers of developing articular cartilage in murine embryos. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1883-98. [PMID: 24738827 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nascent embryonic joints, interzones, contain a distinct cohort of progenitor cells responsible for the formation of the majority of articular tissues. However, to date the interzone has largely been studied using in situ analysis for candidate genes in the context of the embryo rather than using an unbiased genome-wide expression analysis on isolated interzone cells, leaving significant controversy regarding the exact role of the intermediate and outer interzone layers in joint formation. Therefore, in this study, using laser capture microdissection (three biological replicates), we selectively harvested the intermediate and outer interzones of mouse embryos at gestational age 15.5 days, just prior to cavitation, when the differences between the layers should be most profound. Microarray analysis (Agilent Whole Mouse Genome Oligo Microarrays) was performed and the differential gene expression between the intermediate interzone cells and outer interzone cells was examined by performing a two-sided paired Student's t-test and pathway analysis. One hundred ninety-seven genes were differentially expressed (≥ 2-fold) between the intermediate interzone and the outer interzone with a P-value ≤ 0.01. Of these, 91 genes showed higher expression levels in the intermediate interzone and 106 were expressed higher in the outer interzone. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes suggests an important role for inflammatory processes in the interzone layers, especially in the intermediate interzone, and hence in joint and articular cartilage development. The high representation of genes relevant to chondrocyte hypertrophy and endochondral ossification in the outer interzone suggests that it undergoes endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florien Jenner
- 1 Equine University Hospital, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna, Austria
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Lamplot JD, Liu B, Yin L, Zhang W, Wang Z, Luther G, Wagner E, Li R, Nan G, Shui W, Yan Z, Rames R, Deng F, Zhang H, Liao Z, Liu W, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Ye J, Deng Y, Qiao M, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Angeles J, Shi LL, He TC, Ho SH. Reversibly Immortalized Mouse Articular Chondrocytes Acquire Long-Term Proliferative Capability While Retaining Chondrogenic Phenotype. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:1053-66. [PMID: 24800751 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x681054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage tissue engineering holds great promise for treating cartilaginous pathologies including degenerative disorders and traumatic injuries. Effective cartilage regeneration requires an optimal combination of biomaterial scaffolds, chondrogenic seed cells, and biofactors. Obtaining sufficient chondrocytes remains a major challenge due to the limited proliferative capability of primary chondrocytes. Here we investigate if reversibly immortalized mouse articular chondrocytes (iMACs) acquire long-term proliferative capability while retaining the chondrogenic phenotype. Primary mouse articular chondrocytes (MACs) can be efficiently immortalized with a retroviral vector-expressing SV40 large T antigen flanked with Cre/loxP sites. iMACs exhibit long-term proliferation in culture, although the immortalization phenotype can be reversed by Cre recombinase. iMACs express the chondrocyte markers Col2a1 and aggrecan and produce chondroid matrix in micromass culture. iMACs form subcutaneous cartilaginous masses in athymic mice. Histologic analysis and chondroid matrix staining demonstrate that iMACs can survive, proliferate, and produce chondroid matrix. The chondrogenic growth factor BMP2 promotes iMACs to produce more mature chondroid matrix resembling mature articular cartilage. Taken together, our results demonstrate that iMACs acquire long-term proliferative capability without losing the intrinsic chondrogenic features of MACs. Thus, iMACs provide a valuable cellular platform to optimize biomaterial scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, to identify biofactors that promote the proliferation and differentiation of chondrogenic progenitors, and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Lamplot
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Mobasheri A, Kalamegam G, Musumeci G, Batt ME. Chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis and related orthopaedic conditions. Maturitas 2014; 78:188-98. [PMID: 24855933 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) represents a final and common pathway for all major traumatic insults to synovial joints. OA is the most common form of degenerative joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability. Despite the global increase in the incidence of OA, there are no effective pharmacotherapies capable of restoring the original structure and function of damaged articular cartilage. Consequently cell-based and biological therapies for osteoarthritis (OA) and related orthopaedic disorders have become thriving areas of research and development. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been used for treatment of osteoarticular lesions for over two decades. Although chondrocyte-based therapy has the capacity to slow down the progression of OA and delay partial or total joint replacement surgery, currently used procedures are associated with the risk of serious adverse events. Complications of ACI include hypertrophy, disturbed fusion, delamination, and graft failure. Therefore there is significant interest in improving the success rate of ACI by improving surgical techniques and preserving the phenotype of the primary chondrocytes used in the procedure. Future tissue-engineering approaches for cartilage repair will also benefit from advances in chondrocyte-based repair strategies. This review article focuses on the structure and function of articular cartilage and the pathogenesis of OA in the context of the rising global burden of musculoskeletal disease. We explore the challenges associated with cartilage repair and regeneration using cell-based therapies that use chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This paper also explores common misconceptions associated with cell-based therapy and highlights a few areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mobasheri
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Duke of Kent Building, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom(1); Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, The University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, The University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gauthaman Kalamegam
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Mark E Batt
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Centre for Sports Medicine, West Block C Floor, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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ter Huurne M, Schelbergen R, Blattes R, Blom A, de Munter W, Grevers LC, Jeanson J, Noël D, Casteilla L, Jorgensen C, van den Berg W, van Lent PLEM. Antiinflammatory and chondroprotective effects of intraarticular injection of adipose-derived stem cells in experimental osteoarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 64:3604-13. [PMID: 22961401 DOI: 10.1002/art.34626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In experimental collagenase-induced osteoarthritis (OA) in the mouse, synovial lining macrophages are crucial in mediating joint destruction. It was recently shown that adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) express immunosuppressive characteristics. This study was undertaken to explore the effect of intraarticular injection of ASCs on synovial lining thickness and its relation to joint pathology in experimental mouse OA. METHODS ASCs were isolated from fat surrounding the inguinal lymph nodes and cultured for 2 weeks. Experimental OA was induced by injection of collagenase into the knee joints of C57BL/6 mice. OA phenotypes were measured within 8 weeks after induction. Histologic analysis was performed, and synovial thickening, enthesophyte formation, and cartilage destruction were measured in the knee joint. RESULTS ASCs were injected into the knee joints of mice 7 days after the induction of collagenase-induced OA. On day 1, green fluorescent protein-labeled ASCs were attached to the lining layer in close contact with macrophages. Thickening of the synovial lining, formation of enthesophytes associated with medial collateral ligaments, and formation of enthesophytes associated with cruciate ligaments were significantly inhibited on day 42 after ASC treatment, by 31%, 89%, and 44%, respectively. Destruction of cartilage was inhibited on day 14 (65%) and day 42 (35%). In contrast to early treatment, injection of ASCs on day 14 after OA induction showed no significant effect on synovial activation or joint pathology on day 42. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that a single injection of ASCs into the knee joints of mice with early-stage collagenase-induced OA inhibits synovial thickening, formation of enthesophytes associated with ligaments, and cartilage destruction.
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López-Ruiz E, Perán M, Cobo-Molinos J, Jiménez G, Picón M, Bustamante M, Arrebola F, Hernández-Lamas MC, Delgado-Martínez AD, Montañez E, Marchal JA. Chondrocytes extract from patients with osteoarthritis induces chondrogenesis in infrapatellar fat pad-derived stem cells. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:246-58. [PMID: 23085560 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infrapatellar fat pad of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) contains multipotent and highly clonogenic adipose-derived stem cells that can be isolated by low invasive methods. Moreover, nuclear and cytoplasmic cellular extracts have been showed to be effective in induction of cell differentiation and reprogramming. The aim of this study was to induce chondrogenic differentiation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from infrapatellar fat pad (IFPSCs) of patients with OA using cellular extracts-based transdifferentiation method. DESIGN IFPSCs and chondrocytes were isolated and characterized by flow cytometry. IFPSCs were permeabilized with Streptolysin O and then exposed to a cell extract obtained from chondrocytes. Then, IFPSCs were cultured for 2 weeks and chondrogenesis was evaluated by morphologic and ultrastructural observations, immunologic detection, gene expression analysis and growth on 3-D poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds. RESULTS After isolation, both chondrocytes and IFPSCs displayed similar expression of MSCs surface makers. Collagen II was highly expressed in chondrocytes and showed a basal expression in IFPSCs. Cells exposed to chondrocyte extracts acquired a characteristic morphological and ultrastructural chondrocyte phenotype that was confirmed by the increased proteoglycan formation and enhanced collagen II immunostaining. Moreover, chondrocyte extracts induced an increase in mRNA expression of chondrogenic genes such as Sox9, L-Sox5, Sox6 and Col2a1. Interestingly, chondrocytes, IFPSCs and transdifferentiated IFPSCs were able to grow, expand and produce extracellular matrix (ECM) on 3D PLGA scaffolds. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that extracts obtained from chondrocytes of osteoarthritic knees promote chondrogenic differentiation of autologous IFPSCs. Moreover, combination of transdifferentiated IFPSCs with biodegradable PLGA 3D scaffolds can serve as an efficient system for the maintenance and maturation of cartilage tissue. These findings suggest its usefulness to repair articular surface in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E López-Ruiz
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén E-23071, Spain.
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Henriksson HB, Lindahl A, Skioldebrand E, Junevik K, Tängemo C, Mattsson J, Brisby H. Similar cellular migration patterns from niches in intervertebral disc and in knee-joint regions detected by in situ labeling: an experimental study in the New Zealand white rabbit. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:104. [PMID: 24004687 PMCID: PMC3854713 DOI: 10.1186/scrt315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Potential stem cell niches (SNs) were recently reported in intervertebral discs (IVDs) and knee joints (KJs) in different mammals (located adjacent to the epiphyseal plate; EP). The aim here was to examine further possible cellular migration and migration directions of cells originating from niches possibly involved in regeneration of cartilaginous tissues in the IVD and in the KJ regions in adult mammals. METHODS In total, 33 rabbits were used in studies A through C. A. IVD cells were sorted; fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) by size (forward scatter; ≤ 10 μm or >10 μm or GDF5+ cells (anti-GDF5 antibody). Sorted cells, labeled with cell tracer (carboxyfluorescein-diacetate-succinimidyl ester; CDFA-SE) were applied on IVD explants in vitro. Migrating cells/distance was evaluated by fluorescence- and confocal-microscopy (FC). B. DNA labeling was performed with BrdU (oral administration). Animals were killed (14 to 56 days), KJs collected, and BrdU+ cells visualized with immunohistochemistry (IHC)/anti-BrdU antibody in SN and articular cartilage (AC). C. Cell tracer: (Fe-nanoparticles: Endorem) were injected into SNs of IVDs (LI-LV) and KJs (tibia). Animals were killed after 2 to 6 weeks. Fe-labeled cells were traced by ferric-iron staining (Prussian blue reaction; Mallory method). RESULTS A. GDF5+ cells and ≤ 10-μm cells displayed the best migration capability in IVD explants. GDF5+ cells were detected at a tissue depth of 1,300 μm (16 days). B. BrdU+ cells were observed in early time points in niches of KJs, and at later time points in AC, indicating a gradual migration of cells. C. Fe+ cells were detected in IVDs; in annulus fibrosus (AF) in 11 of 12 animals and in nucleus pulposus (NP) in two of 12 animals. In AC (tibia), Fe+ cells were detected in six of 12 animals. In the potential migration route (PMR), from niches toward the IVD, Fe+ cells (three of 12 animals) and in PMR toward AC (KJs) (six of 12 animals) were detected. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate similar cellular migration patterns in cartilage regions (IVD and KJs) with migration from stem cell niche areas into the mature cartilaginous tissues of both the KJs and the IVD. These findings of a cellular migration pattern in mature cartilage are of interest from tissue-repair and engineering perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Barreto Henriksson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Skioldebrand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Junevik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carolina Tängemo
- Centre for Cellular Imaging, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Mattsson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Brisby
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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