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Harris TI, Gaztambide DA, Day BA, Brock CL, Ruben AL, Jones JA, Lewis RV. Sticky Situation: An Investigation of Robust Aqueous-Based Recombinant Spider Silk Protein Coatings and Adhesives. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3761-3772. [PMID: 27704788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties and biocompatibility of spider silks have made them one of the most sought after and studied natural biomaterials. A biomimetic process has been developed that uses water to solvate purified recombinant spider silk proteins (rSSps) prior to material formation. The absence of harsh organic solvents increases cost effectiveness, safety, and decreases the environmental impact of these materials. This development allows for the investigation of aqueous-based rSSps as coatings and adhesives and their potential applications. In these studies it was determined that fiber-based rSSps in nonfiber formations have the capability to coat and adhere numerous substrates, whether rough, smooth, hydrophobic, or hydrophilic. Further, these materials can be functionalized for a variety of processes. Drug-eluting coatings have been made with the capacity to release a variety of compounds in addition to their inherent ability to prevent blood clotting and biofouling. Additionally, spider silk protein adhesives are strong enough to outperform some conventional glues and still display favorable tissue implantation properties. The physical properties, corresponding capabilities, and potential applications of these nonfibrous materials were characterized in this study. Mechanical properties, ease of manufacturing, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and functionality are the hallmarks of these revolutionary spider silk protein materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I Harris
- Departments of Biological Engineering, §Biology, and ∥Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University , Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Danielle A Gaztambide
- Departments of Biological Engineering, §Biology, and ∥Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University , Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Breton A Day
- Departments of Biological Engineering, §Biology, and ∥Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University , Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Cameron L Brock
- Departments of Biological Engineering, §Biology, and ∥Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University , Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Ashley L Ruben
- Departments of Biological Engineering, §Biology, and ∥Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University , Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Justin A Jones
- Departments of Biological Engineering, §Biology, and ∥Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University , Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Randolph V Lewis
- Departments of Biological Engineering, §Biology, and ∥Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University , Logan, Utah 84322, United States
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Boros-Majewska J, Turczyk Ł, Wei X, Milewski S, Williams DW. A novel in vitro assay for assessing efficacy and toxicity of antifungals using human leukaemic cells infected with Candida albicans. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:177-87. [PMID: 25845720 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study describes a novel in vitro assay that simultaneously determines antifungal efficiency and host cell toxicity using suspensions of human leukaemic cells (HL-60) infected with Candida albicans. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of Candida infection on host cell viability was evaluated by the microscopy of trypan blue-stained cells and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. The in vitro 'drug potency assay' utilized the Cell Counting Kit-8 and measured post-antifungal treatment viability of Candida-infected HL-60 cells and the ability of the antifungal treatment to prevent infection. LDH activity showed that 42% ± 4·0 and 85·3% ± 7·40 of HL-60 cells were killed following Candida infection at the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 : 1 and 1 : 5, respectively. The antifungal nystatin (0·78-25 μmol l(-1) ) was found to inhibit C. albicans infection as seen by the significantly increased viability of HL-60 cells. Cytotoxicity of nystatin towards infected HL-60 cells was evident at higher concentrations and this was also confirmed by propidium iodide staining. CONCLUSIONS An assay using undisturbed cell suspension conditions was successfully developed for assessing the selectivity of the antifungal therapy in the host-Candida environment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The assay employing Candida infection of host cell suspensions represents a promising method for testing interactions of antifungal compounds with both fungal and host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boros-Majewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ł Turczyk
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk (UG) and Medical University of Gdańsk (MUG), Gdańsk, Poland
| | - X Wei
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Milewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Gdańsk, Poland
| | - D W Williams
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Moran M, Browning M, Buckby E. Nursing guidelines for managing infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2007; 11:914-24. [PMID: 18063549 DOI: 10.1188/07.cjon.914-924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Infections are a primary cause of death in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Such individuals are particularly susceptible to infectious complications stemming from immune deficits associated with the primary disease process and with immunosuppression secondary to treatment. Although the recent availability of new treatment modalities and more aggressive therapies are improving outcomes for patients with CLL, standardized approaches are needed so that nurses can monitor for and manage infections. The aim is overall reduction in morbidity and mortality, as well as improvement in quality of life. The current pharmacologic therapies for CLL are alkylating agents, purine nucleoside analogs, monoclonal antibodies, and combinations of those therapies, which may present their own unique risks for and different spectra of infectious events. This article provides an overview of the known risks for developing infections in CLL, as well as nursing guidelines for monitoring and managing patients with CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollie Moran
- James Cancer Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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