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Liu YC, Tseng YH, Kuan YH, Wang LY, Huang SE, Tsai SP, Yeh JL, Hsu JH. Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib prevents proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024; 40:542-552. [PMID: 38682650 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling is a key pathological process of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Bortezomib (BTZ) is the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved proteasome inhibitor for multiple myeloma treatment. Recently, there is emerging evidence showing its effect on reversing PAH, although its mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of BTZ on PASMCs were first examined by different inducers such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), angiotensin II (Ang II) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, while potential mechanisms including cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial ROS were then investigated; finally, signal transduction of ERK and Akt was examined. Our results showed that BTZ attenuated FBS-, Ang II- and PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration, with associated decreased cellular ROS production and mitochondrial ROS production. In addition, the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt induced by Ang II and PDGF-BB was also inhibited by BTZ treatment. This study indicates that BTZ can prevent proliferation and migration of PASMCs, which are possibly mediated by decreased ROS production and down-regulation of ERK and Akt. Thus, proteasome inhibition can be a novel pharmacological target in the management of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Tseng
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Kuan
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Yen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Childhood Education and Nursery, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-En Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Siao-Ping Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Proteasome Inhibitors Decrease the Viability of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells by Restoring Mitofusin-2 Expression under Hypoxic Conditions. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040873. [PMID: 35453623 PMCID: PMC9030547 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe progressive disease, and the uncontrolled proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is one of the main causes. Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) profoundly inhibits cell growth and proliferation in a variety of tumor cell lines and rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Down-regulation of MFN2 is known to contribute to PH. Proteasome inhibitors have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of PASMCs; however, there is no study on the regulation of proteasome inhibitors through MFN-2 in the proliferation of PASMCs, a main pathophysiology of PH. In this study, PASMCs were exposed to hypoxic conditions and the expression of MFN2 and cleaved-PARP1 were detected by Western blotting. The effects of hypoxia and proteasome inhibitors on the cell viability of PASMC cells were detected by CCK8 assay. The results indicated that hypoxia increases the viability and reduces the expression of MFN2 in a PASMCs model. MFN2 overexpression inhibits the hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs. In addition, proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib and marizomib, restored the decreased expression of MFN2 under hypoxic conditions, inhibited hypoxia-induced proliferation and induced the expression of cleaved-PARP1. These results suggest that bortezomib and marizomib have the potential to improve the hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs by restoring MFN2 expression.
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Isolation, identification and characterization of new degradation products of Carfilzomib using high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Okamoto K, Zaanan A, Kawakami H, Huang S, Sinicrope FA. Reversal of Mutant KRAS-Mediated Apoptosis Resistance by Concurrent Noxa/Bik Induction and Bcl-2/Bcl-xL Antagonism in Colon Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 13:659-69. [PMID: 25548100 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED KRAS mutations are frequently detected in human colorectal cancer and contribute to de novo apoptosis resistance and ultimately therapeutic failure. To overcome KRAS-mediated apoptosis resistance, the irreversible proteasome inhibitor, carfilzomib, was evaluated and found to potently induce Noxa, which was dependent upon c-Myc, and Bik. Isogenic mutant versus wild-type KRAS carcinoma cells showed elevated Bcl-xL, confirmed by KRAS siRNA or ectopic expression. Upregulated Bcl-xL by mutant KRAS was mediated by ERK as indicated by ERK knockdown. Bcl-xL expression was regulated at the level of mRNA and protein as shown using actinomycin D and cyclohexamide, respectively. Suppression of Bcl-xL by shRNA sensitized mutant KRAS cells to carfilzomib. Concurrent Bcl-xL antagonism by the BH3 mimetic ABT-263 combined with carfilzomib synergistically enhanced apoptosis that was dependent on Bax or p53, and was attenuated by Noxa or Bik shRNA. In support of this strategy, ectopically expressed Noxa enhanced apoptosis by ABT-263. Carfilzomib-induced Noxa and Bik sequestered Mcl-1 and ABT-263 released Bik and Bak from Bcl-xL, suggesting a mechanism for drug synergy. These preclinical findings establish mutant KRAS-mediated Bcl-xL upregulation as a key mechanism of apoptosis resistance in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer. Furthermore, antagonizing Bcl-xL enabled carfilzomib-induced Noxa and Bik to induce synergistic apoptosis that reversed KRAS-mediated resistance. IMPLICATIONS This novel study reveals a promising treatment strategy to overcome apoptosis resistance in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer by concurrent upregulation of Noxa/Bik and antagonism of Bcl-xL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Medicine, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Oncology, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aziz Zaanan
- Department of Medicine, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Oncology, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hisato Kawakami
- Department of Medicine, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Oncology, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shengbing Huang
- Department of Medicine, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Oncology, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Frank A Sinicrope
- Department of Medicine, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Oncology, GI Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota.
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