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Fernandez-Prades L, Brasal-Prieto M, Alba G, Martin V, Montserrat-de la Paz S, Cejudo-Guillen M, Santa-Maria C, Dakhaoui H, Granados B, Sobrino F, Palomares F, Lopez-Enriquez S. Sulforaphane Reduces the Chronic Inflammatory Immune Response of Human Dendritic Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:3405. [PMID: 37571342 PMCID: PMC10421388 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate of vegetable origin with potent antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. The characterization of its pleiotropic activity in human dendritic cells (DCs) is poorly summarized. The aim of this work was to study the immunomodulatory power of SFN in response to an inflammatory microenvironment on human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). METHODS We studied the immunological response induced by SFN. Apoptosis and autophagy assays were performed using flow cytometry on moDCs and a cancer cell line (THP-1). These included moDC maturation, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production under different experimental conditions. We investigated whether these results were associated with an inflammatory microenvironment induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). RESULTS Our results demonstrated that SFN could interact with moDCs, significantly reducing the autophagy process and enhancing apoptosis similarly to cancer cell line THP-1 cells in a chronic inflammatory microenvironment. Under chronic inflammation, SFN modulated the phenotypical characteristics of moDCs, reducing the expression of all markers (CD80, CD83, CD86, HLA-DR and PD-L1). SFN significantly reduced the Th2 proliferative response, with a decrease in the IL-9 and IL-13 levels. Although we did not observe any changes in the regulatory proliferative response, we noted an increase in the IL-10 levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that SFN exerts protective effects against LPS-induced inflammation via the modulation of moDCs/T cells towards a regulatory profile. SFN may be a potential candidate for the treatment of pathologies with an inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernandez-Prades
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Mariano Brasal-Prieto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Gonzalo Alba
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Victoria Martin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Marta Cejudo-Guillen
- Department of Pharmacology, Pediatry, and Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain;
| | - Consuelo Santa-Maria
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Hala Dakhaoui
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Beatriz Granados
- Distrito Sanitario Málaga, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, 29006 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Francisca Palomares
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Soledad Lopez-Enriquez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (M.B.-P.); (G.A.); (V.M.); (S.M.-d.l.P.); (H.D.); (F.S.)
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Chen J, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Qiu J. Oxidative stress in the skin: Impact and related protection. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:495-509. [PMID: 34312881 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skin, our first interface to the external environment, is subjected to oxidative stress caused by a variety of factors such as solar ultraviolet, infrared and visible light, environmental pollution, including ozone and particulate matters, and psychological stress. Excessive reactive species, including reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, exacerbate skin pigmentation and aging, which further lead to skin tone unevenness, pigmentary disorder, skin roughness and wrinkles. Besides these, skin microbiota are also a very important factor ensuring the proper functions of skin. While environmental factors such as UV and pollutants impact skin microbiota compositions, skin dysbiosis results in various skin conditions. In this review, we summarize the generation of oxidative stress from exogenous and endogenous sources. We further introduce current knowledge on the possible roles of oxidative stress in skin pigmentation and aging, specifically with emphasis on oxidative stress and skin pigmentation. Meanwhile, we summarize the science and rationale of using three well-known antioxidants, namely vitamin C, resveratrol and ferulic acid, in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Finally, we discuss the strategy for preventing oxidative stress-induced skin pigmentation and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Liu
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- L'Oreal Research and Innovation, Shanghai, China
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Araos P, Figueroa S, Amador CA. The Role of Neutrophils in Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228536. [PMID: 33198361 PMCID: PMC7697449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well accepted that the immune system and some cells from adaptive and innate immunity are necessary for the initiation/perpetuation of arterial hypertension (AH). However, whether neutrophils are part of this group remains debatable. There is evidence showing that the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio correlates with AH and is higher in non-dipper patients. On the other hand, the experimental neutrophil depletion in mice reduces basal blood pressure. Nevertheless, their participation in AH is still controversial. Apparently, neutrophils may modulate the microenvironment in blood vessels by increasing oxidative stress, favoring endothelial disfunction. In addition, neutrophils may contribute to the tissue infiltration of immune cells, secreting chemoattractant chemokines/cytokines and promoting the proinflammatory phenotype, leading to AH development. In this work, we discuss the potential role of neutrophils in AH by analyzing different mechanisms proposed from clinical and basic studies, with a perspective on cardiovascular and renal damages relating to the hypertensive phenotype.
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 614] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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Saenz J, Santa-María C, Reyes-Quiroz ME, Geniz I, Jiménez J, Sobrino F, Alba G. Grapefruit Flavonoid Naringenin Regulates the Expression of LXRα in THP-1 Macrophages by Modulating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1735-1745. [PMID: 29140707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present work investigates the modulation of grapefruit flavonoid naringenin over liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) and its target genes in THP-1 macrophages, focusing on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) implication. Naringenin induced LXRα at mRNA and protein levels besides influencing the expression of LXRα target genes ABCA1, ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette A1 and G1), and SREBP1c (sterol response element binding protein 1c) in THP-1 macrophages. The increased LXRα mRNA and protein expression was reverted when AMPK was inhibited by its chemical inhibitor, compound C or by transfection with AMPK α1 and α2 siRNA. Naringenin treatments were also able to promote reverse cholesterol transport in THP-1 cells, which is in line with the increase in the ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression found. Treatments with this flavonoid also inhibited cell migration in THP-1 cells. In conclusion, LXRα and its target genes are up-regulated by naringenin in an AMPK dependent manner in human macrophages. The enhancement in the expression of genes involved in cholesterol efflux may reveal a new mechanism by which this polyphenol can prevent atherosclerosis and foam cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Saenz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Consuelo Santa-María
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
| | - María Edith Reyes-Quiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Isabel Geniz
- Hospital Nuestra Señora de Valme , Servicio Andaluz de Salud , 41001 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Juan Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Gonzalo Alba
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
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Sáenz J, Alba G, Reyes-Quiroz ME, Geniz I, Jiménez J, Sobrino F, Santa-María C. Curcumin enhances LXRα in an AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent manner in human macrophages. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 54:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Reyes-Quiroz ME, Alba G, Sáenz J, Geniz I, Jiménez J, Martín-Nieto J, Santa-María C, Sobrino F. Platelet-activating factor and hydrogen peroxide exert a dual modulatory effect on the transcription of LXRα and its target genes in human neutrophils. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:357-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Robaczewska J, Kędziora-Kornatowska K, Kucharski R, Nowak M, Muszalik M, Kornatowski M, Kędziora J. Decreased expression of heme oxygenase is associated with depressive symptoms and may contribute to depressive and hypertensive comorbidity. Redox Rep 2016; 21:209-18. [PMID: 26824276 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2015.1101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is strong evidence that hypertension and depression are comorbid and oxidative stress is implicated in both pathologies. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between biochemical markers of the antioxidant-pro-oxidant equilibrium and depression in hypertension. METHODS Blood was collected from patients diagnosed with depression, hypertension, or comorbid depression and hypertension and healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Whole blood reduced glutathione, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1), glutathione reductase (GR), malondialdehyde (MDA), and plasma hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were assayed using spectrophotometry, and heme oxygenase (HO-1) levels were determined immunoenzymatically. RESULTS Both hypertension and depression were associated with altered antioxidant-pro-oxidant profiles. Decreased GPx-1 and SOD-1 activities, increased GR activity, increased levels of GSH, and increased concentrations of MDA and H2O2 were observed in patients compared to controls. Inducible HO-1 was specifically decreased in patients with depression and was significantly associated with both the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Heme oxygenase is a biological factor that might explain the relationship between inflammation, oxidative stress, and the biological and functional changes in brain activity in depression. HO-1 is a candidate depression biomarker and provides an avenue for novel preventative and diagnostic strategies against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Robaczewska
- a Department and Clinic of Geriatrics , Collegium Medicum UMK in Bydgoszcz , Poland.,b Life4Science Foundation , Poland
| | | | - Robert Kucharski
- c Psychoneurology of the Elderly Center at Sue Ryder Home, Pallmed LLC , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Maria Nowak
- c Psychoneurology of the Elderly Center at Sue Ryder Home, Pallmed LLC , Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Marta Muszalik
- a Department and Clinic of Geriatrics , Collegium Medicum UMK in Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | | | - Józef Kędziora
- e Department of Biochemistry , Collegium Medicum UMK in Bydgoszcz , Poland
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Alba G, Reyes-Quiróz ME, Sáenz J, Geniz I, Jiménez J, Martín-Nieto J, Pintado E, Sobrino F, Santa-María C. 7-Keto-cholesterol and 25-hydroxy-1 cholesterol rapidly enhance ROS production in human neutrophils. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:2485-2492. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kuribayashi K, Iida SI, Nakajima Y, Funaguchi N, Tabata C, Fukuoka K, Fujimori Y, Ihaku D, Nakano T. Suppression of heme oxygenase-1 activity reduces airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. J Asthma 2015; 52:662-8. [PMID: 26133060 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2015.1008138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carbon monoxide (CO) levels in expired gas are higher in patients with bronchial asthma than in healthy individuals. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme to yield biliverdin, CO and free iron. Thus, HO-1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. However, whether HO-1 expression and activity in lung tissue are related to allergic airway inflammation remains unclear. We investigated whether expression of HO-1 is related to allergic airway inflammation in lungs and whether HO-1 could influence airway hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilia in mice sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA). METHODS C57BL/6 mice immunized with OVA were challenged thrice with an aerosol of OVA every second day for 8 days. HO-1-positive cells were identified by immunostaining in lung tissue, and zinc protoporphyrin (Zn-PP), a competitive inhibitor of HO-1, was administered intraperitoneally to OVA-immunized C57BL/6 mice on day 23 (day before inhalation of OVA) and immediately before inhalation on the subsequent 4 days (total five doses). Mice were analyzed for effects of HO-1 on AHR, inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine levels in lung tissue. Ethical approval was obtained from the concerned institutional review board. RESULTS Number of HO-1-positive cells increased in the subepithelium of the bronchi after OVA challenge, and HO-1 localized to alveolar macrophages. Zn-PP clearly inhibited AHR, pulmonary eosinophilia and IL-5 and IL-13 expression in the lung tissue. CONCLUSION Expression of HO-1 is induced in lung tissue during attacks of allergic bronchial asthma, and its activity likely amplifies and prolongs allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Kuribayashi
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Hyogo , Japan
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Chan EC, Dusting GJ, Liu GS, Jiang F. Redox mechanisms of the beneficial effects of heme oxygenase in hypertension. J Hypertens 2014; 32:1379-86; discussion 1387. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Reyes-Quiroz ME, Alba G, Saenz J, Santa-María C, Geniz I, Jiménez J, Ramírez R, Martín-Nieto J, Pintado E, Sobrino F. Oleic acid modulates mRNA expression of liver X receptor (LXR) and its target genes ABCA1 and SREBP1c in human neutrophils. Eur J Nutr 2014; 53:1707-17. [PMID: 24722912 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regulation of liver X receptors (LXRs) is essential for cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation. The present study was conducted to determine whether oleic acid (OA) could regulate mRNA expression of LXRα and LXRα-regulated genes and to assess the potential promotion of oxidative stress by OA in neutrophils. METHODS Human neutrophils were treated with OA at different doses and LXR target gene expression, oxidative stress production, lipid efflux and inflammation state were analyzed. RESULTS We describe that mRNA synthesis of both LXRα and ABCA1 (a reverse cholesterol transporter) was induced by OA in human neutrophils. This fatty acid enhanced the effects of LXR ligands on ABCA1 and LXR expression, but it decreased the mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (a transcription factor that regulates the synthesis of triglycerides). Although OA elicited a slight oxidative stress in the short term (15-30 min) in neutrophils, it is unlikely that this is relevant for the modulation of transcription in our experimental conditions, which involve longer incubation time (i.e., 6 h). Of physiological importance is our finding that OA depresses intracellular lipid levels and that markers of inflammation, such as ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, were decreased by OA treatment. In addition, 200 μM OA reduced the migration of human neutrophils, another marker of the inflammatory state. However, OA did not affect lipid peroxidation induced by pro-oxidant agents. CONCLUSIONS This work presents for the first time evidence that human neutrophils are highly sensitive to OA and provides novel data in support of a protective role of this monounsaturated acid against the activation of neutrophils during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Edith Reyes-Quiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009, Sevilla, Spain
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Reyes-Quiroz ME, Alba G, Santa-María C, Saenz J, Geniz I, Jiménez J, Ramírez R, Martín-Nieto J, Pintado E, Sobrino F. Platelet-activating factor downregulates the expression of liver X receptor-α and its target genes in human neutrophils. FEBS J 2014; 281:970-82. [PMID: 24289152 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-activated members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation, although their role in inflammation and immunity is less well known. It has been reported that oxysterols/LXRs may act as anti-inflammatory molecules, although opposite actions have also been reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a proinflammatory molecule, on LXRα signalling in human neutrophils. We found that PAF exerted an inhibitory effect on mRNA expression of TO901317-induced LXRα, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, ATP-binding cassette transporter G1, and sterol response element binding protein 1c. This negative action was mediated by the PAF receptor, and was dependent on the release of reactive oxygen species elicited by PAF, as it was enhanced by pro-oxidant treatment and reversed by antioxidants. Current data also support the idea that PAF induces phosphorylation of the LXRα molecule in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-mediated fashion. These results suggest that a possible mechanism by which PAF exerts its proinflammatory effect is through the downregulation of LXRα and its related genes, which supports the notion that LXRα ligands exert a modulatory role in the neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Reyes-Quiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
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Saquib Q, Al-Khedhairy AA, Ahmad J, Siddiqui MA, Dwivedi S, Khan ST, Musarrat J. Zinc ferrite nanoparticles activate IL-1b, NFKB1, CCL21 and NOS2 signaling to induce mitochondrial dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathway in WISH cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:289-97. [PMID: 24035972 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study has demonstrated the translocation of zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4-NPs) into the cytoplasm of human amnion epithelial (WISH) cells, and the ensuing cytotoxicity and genetic damage. The results suggested that in situ NPs induced oxidative stress, alterations in cellular membrane and DNA strand breaks. The [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) cytotoxicity assays indicated 64.48 ± 1.6% and 50.73 ± 2.1% reduction in cell viability with 100 μg/ml of ZnFe2O4-NPs exposure. The treated WISH cells exhibited 1.2-fold higher ROS level with 0.9-fold decline in membrane potential (ΔΨm) and 7.4-fold higher DNA damage after 48h of ZnFe2O4-NPs treatment. Real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis of p53, CASP 3 (caspase-3), and bax genes revealed 5.3, 1.6, and 14.9-fold upregulation, and 0.18-fold down regulation of bcl 2 gene vis-à-vis untreated control. RT(2) Profiler™ PCR array data elucidated differential up-regulation of mRNA transcripts of IL-1b, NFKB1, NOS2 and CCL21 genes in the range of 1.5 to 3.7-folds. The flow cytometry based cell cycle analysis suggested the transfer of 15.2 ± 2.1% (p<0.01) population of ZnFe2O4-NPs (100 μg/ml) treated cells into apoptotic phase through intrinsic pathway. Over all, the data revealed the potential of ZnFe2O4-NPs to induce cellular and genetic toxicity in cells of placental origin. Thus, the significant ROS production, reduction in ΔΨm, DNA damage, and activation of genes linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, proliferation, DNA damage and repair could serve as the predictive toxicity and stress markers for ecotoxicological assessment of ZnFe2O4-NPs induced cellular and genetic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaiser Saquib
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Chair for DNA Research, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Benigni A, Orisio S, Noris M, Iatropoulos P, Castaldi D, Kamide K, Rakugi H, Arai Y, Todeschini M, Ogliari G, Imai E, Gondo Y, Hirose N, Mari D, Remuzzi G. Variations of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene are associated with extreme human longevity. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:993-1005. [PMID: 22569962 PMCID: PMC3636412 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Longevity phenotype in humans results from the influence of environmental and genetic factors. Few gene polymorphisms have been identified so far with a modest effect on lifespan leaving room for the search of other players in the longevity game. It has been recently demonstrated that targeted disruption of the mouse homolog of the human angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene (AGTR1) translates into marked prolongation of animal lifespan (Benigni et al., J Clin Invest 119(3):524-530, 2009). Based on the above study in mice, here we sought to search for AGTR1 variations associated to reduced AT1 receptor protein levels and to prolonged lifespan in humans. AGTR1 was sequenced in 173 Italian centenarians and 376 younger controls. A novel non-synonymous mutation was detected in a centenarian. Two polymorphisms in AGTR1 promoter, rs422858 and rs275653, in complete linkage disequilibrium, were significantly associated with the ability to attain extreme old age. We then replicated the study of rs275653 in a large independent cohort of Japanese origin (598 centenarians and semi-supercentenarians, 422 younger controls) and indeed confirmed its association with exceptional old age. In combined analyses, rs275653 was associated to extreme longevity either at recessive model (P = 0.007, odds ratio (OR) 3.57) or at genotype level (P = 0.015). Significance was maintained after correcting for confounding factors. Fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis revealed that subjects homozygous for the minor allele of rs275653 had less AT1R-positive peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells. Moreover, rs275653 was associated to lower blood pressure in centenarians. These findings highlight the role of AGTR1 as a possible candidate among longevity-enabling genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Benigni
- />Department of Molecular Medicine, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Silvia Orisio
- />Department of Molecular Medicine, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Noris
- />Transplant Research Center, “Chiara Cucchi De Alessandri & Gilberto Crespi”, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, 24020 Ranica, Italy
| | - Paraskevas Iatropoulos
- />Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases “Aldo e Cele Daccò”, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, 24020 Ranica, Italy
| | - Davide Castaldi
- />Ph.D. School of Informatics, DISCo, University of Milan—Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Kei Kamide
- />Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- />Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Arai
- />Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 160-8582 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marta Todeschini
- />Transplant Research Center, “Chiara Cucchi De Alessandri & Gilberto Crespi”, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, 24020 Ranica, Italy
| | - Giulia Ogliari
- />Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Ca’ Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Enyu Imai
- />Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 466-8550 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Gondo
- />Department of Clinical Thanatology and Geriatric Behavioral Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hirose
- />Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 160-8582 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniela Mari
- />Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Ca’ Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- />Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
- />Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
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Alba G, Reyes ME, Santa-María C, Ramírez R, Geniz I, Jiménez J, Martín-Nieto J, Pintado E, Sobrino F. Transcription of liver X receptor is down-regulated by 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) through oxidative stress in human neutrophils. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42195. [PMID: 23115616 PMCID: PMC3480349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors of the nuclear receptor superfamily. They play important roles in controlling cholesterol homeostasis and as regulators of inflammatory gene expression and innate immunity, by blunting the induction of classical pro-inflammatory genes. However, opposite data have also been reported on the consequences of LXR activation by oxysterols, resulting in the specific production of potent pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The effect of the inflammatory state on the expression of LXRs has not been studied in human cells, and constitutes the main aim of the present work. Our data show that when human neutrophils are triggered with synthetic ligands, the synthesis of LXRα mRNA became activated together with transcription of the LXR target genes ABCA1, ABCG1 and SREBP1c. An inflammatory mediator, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15dPGJ2), hindered T0901317-promoted induction of LXRα mRNA expression together with transcription of its target genes in both neutrophils and human macrophages. This down-regulatory effect was dependent on the release of reactive oxygen species elicited by 15dPGJ2, since it was enhanced by pro-oxidant treatment and reversed by antioxidants, and was also mediated by ERK1/2 activation. Present data also support that the 15dPGJ2-induced serine phosphorylation of the LXRα molecule is mediated by ERK1/2. These results allow to postulate that down-regulation of LXR cellular levels by pro-inflammatory stimuli might be involved in the development of different vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Alba
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Edith Reyes
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Consuelo Santa-María
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Remedios Ramírez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isabel Geniz
- Distrito Sanitario Sevilla Norte, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Martín-Nieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Elízabeth Pintado
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Alba G, Santa-María C, Reyes-Quiroz ME, El Bekay R, Geniz I, Martín-Nieto J, Pintado E, Sobrino F. Calcineurin expression and activity is regulated by the intracellular redox status and under hypertension in human neutrophils. J Endocrinol 2012; 214:399-408. [PMID: 22739212 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B) (CN) comprises a family of serine/threonine phosphatases that play a pivotal role in signal transduction cascades in a variety of cells, including neutrophils. Angiotensin II (Ang II) increases both activity and de novo synthesis of CN in human neutrophils. This study focuses on the role that intracellular redox status plays in the induction of CN activity by Ang II. Both de novo synthesis of CN and activity increase promoted by Ang II were downregulated when cells were treated with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione. We have also investigated the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and phenazine methosulfate, which are antioxidant and oxidant compounds, respectively, and concluded that the intracellular redox status of neutrophils is highly critical for Ang II-induced increase of CN expression and activity. Results obtained in neutrophils from hypertensive patients were very similar to those obtained in these cells on treatment with Ang II. We have also addressed the possible functional implication of CN activation in the development of hypertension. Present findings indicate that downregulation of hemoxygenase-1 expression in neutrophils from hypertensive subjects is likely mediated by CN, which acts by hindering translocation to the nucleus of the transcription factor NRF2. These data support and extend our previous results and those from other authors on modulation of CN expression and activity levels by the intracellular redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Alba
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Sánchez Pizjuán 4, E-41009 Sevilla, Spain
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Assaf N, Shalby AB, Khalil WKB, Ahmed HH. Biochemical and genetic alterations of oxidant/antioxidant status of the brain in rats treated with dexamethasone: protective roles of melatonin and acetyl-l-carnitine. J Physiol Biochem 2011; 68:77-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-011-0121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Groeschel M, Braam B. Connecting chronic and recurrent stress to vascular dysfunction: no relaxed role for the renin-angiotensin system. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 300:F1-10. [PMID: 20980410 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00208.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is classically considered to be a protective system for volume balance and is activated during states of volume depletion. Interestingly, one of the major pathways activating the system is the sympathetic nervous system, also the primary mediator of the acute stress response. When one further examines the cells mediating the immune site of the response, which is primarily an inflammatory response leading to defense at a locally injured area, these cells all express the ANG II type 1 receptor (AGTR1). Scattered throughout the literature are reports indicating that acute and chronic stress can activate renin and increase plasma levels of components of the RAS. Moreover, there are reports describing that ANG II can modulate the distribution and function of immune cells. Since the inflammatory response is also implicated to be central in the initiation and progression of vascular damage, we propose in this review that recurrent acute stress and chronic stress can induce a state with inflammation, due to ANG II-mediated activation of inflammatory cells, specifically monocytes and lymphocytes. Such a proposal would explain a lot of the observations regarding RAS components in inflammatory cells. Despite its attractiveness, substantial research in this area would be required to substantiate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Groeschel
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, and University of Alberta Hospital, Department of Medicine/Division of Nephrology and Immunology, 11-132 CSB Clinical Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
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Abstract
Oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The goal of this study was to develop a new model of spontaneous ICH, based on the hypothesis that acute, superimposed on chronic, hypertension produces ICH. We hypothesized that increases in angiotensin II (AngII)-mediated oxidative stress and activation of MMPs are associated with, and may precede, spontaneous ICH during hypertension. In C57BL/6 mice, chronic hypertension was produced with AngII infusion and an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. During chronic hypertension, mice with acute hypertension from injections of AngII developed ICH. Oxidative stress and MMP levels increased in the brain even before developing ICH. Active MMPs colocalized with a marker of oxidative stress, especially on cerebral vessels that appeared to lead toward regions with ICH. Incidence of ICH and levels of oxidative stress and MMP-9 were greater in mice with acute hypertension produced by AngII than by norepinephrine. In summary, we have developed an experimental model of ICH during hypertension that may facilitate studies in genetically altered mice. We speculate that acute hypertension, especially when induced by AngII, may be critical in spontaneous ICH during chronic hypertension, possibly through oxidative stress and MMP-9.
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Abdel Aziz MT, El Asmer MF, Mostafa T, Atta H, Mahfouz S, Fouad H, Rashed L, Sabry D, Hassouna A, Abdel Aziz AT, Senbel A, Demery A. Effects of losartan, HO-1 inducers or HO-1 inhibitors on erectile signaling in diabetic rats. J Sex Med 2009; 6:3254-64. [PMID: 19804535 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Activation of the renin-angiotensin system which is common in diabetes mellitus might affect heme oxygenase (HO-1) gene expression. AIM Assessment of the effects of administration of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonist (losartan) with HO-1 inducer or inhibitor on erectile signaling in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy male rats were divided equally into seven groups; healthy controls, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, rats on citrate buffer, diabetic rats on losartan, diabetic rats on HO-1 inducer (cobalt protoporphyrin [CoPP]), diabetic rats on losartan and CoPP, and diabetic rats on losartan and HO-1 inhibitor (stannus mesoporphyrin [SnMP]). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE HO enzyme activity, HO-1 gene expression, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) assay, intracavernosal pressure (ICP), and cavernous tissue sinusoids surface area. RESULTS HO-1 gene expression, HO enzymatic activity, and cGMP were significantly decreased in the cavernous tissue of diabetic rats. These parameters were significantly elevated with the use of CoPP that restored the normal control levels of HO enzyme activity. Administration of losartan exhibited a significant enhancing effect on these parameters compared with the diabetic group, but not restored to the control levels, whereas administration of CoPP combined with losartan led to the restoration of their normal levels. ICP demonstrated significant decline in diabetic rats. The use of CoPP and/or losartan led to its significant improvement compared with diabetic rats. Administration of either losartan and/or CoPP led to a significant increase in the cavernous sinusoids surface area of diabetic rats. Administration of losartan with SnMP significantly decreased the enhancing effect of losartan on the studied parameters. CONCLUSION The decline in erectile function in diabetes mellitus could be attributed to the downregulation of HO-1 gene expression. HO-1 induction added to Ang II receptor antagonist could improve erectile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Talaat Abdel Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Medical Biochemistry, Unit of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cairo, Egypt
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Jiménez-Ortega V, Cano P, Cardinali DP, Esquifino AI. 24-Hour variation in gene expression of redox pathway enzymes in rat hypothalamus: effect of melatonin treatment. Redox Rep 2009; 14:132-8. [PMID: 19490755 DOI: 10.1179/135100009x392548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The 24-h changes in medial basal hypothalamic (MBH) gene expression of redox pathway enzymes nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-1 and NOS-2, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and HO-2, Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalase were examined in adult male Wistar rats kept under an alternating regimen of light/dark. Half of the animals received melatonin (approximately 60 microg/day) in the drinking water. After 1 month, rats were killed at six different time intervals, throughout a 24-h cycle. MBH mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR analysis. In controls, gene expression of NOS-2 and HO-2 peaked at the early light phase while that of HO-1 showed a maximum at the middle of the dark phase. None of MBH mRNAs encoding NOS-1, Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD and catalase exhibited significant 24-h variations in control rats. Melatonin administration decreased significantly mRNAs for NOS-1, NOS-2, HO-1 and HO-2 as well as changed their 24-h profile. Melatonin augmented gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD or catalase at certain time intervals only. The results are compatible with the view that the principal indirect (i.e. gene expression of redox pathway enzymes) effect of melatonin on redox pathway in the hypothalamus is mainly exerted via down-regulation of pro-oxidant enzyme mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Jiménez-Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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