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Unger PPA, Lighaam LC, Vermeulen E, Kruithof S, Makuch M, Culver EL, van Bruggen R, Remmerswaal EBM, Ten Berge IJM, Emmens RW, Niessen HWM, Barnes E, Wolbink GJ, van Ham SM, Rispens T. Divergent chemokine receptor expression and the consequence for human IgG4 B cell responses. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1113-1125. [PMID: 32289181 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
IgG4 antibodies are unique to humans. IgG4 is associated with tolerance during immunotherapy in allergy, but also with pathology, as in pemphigus vulgaris and IgG4-related disease. Its induction is largely restricted to nonmicrobial antigens, and requires repeated or prolonged antigenic stimulation, for reasons poorly understood. An important aspect in generating high-affinity IgG antibodies is chemokine receptor-mediated migration of B cells into appropriate niches, such as germinal centers. Here, we show that compared to IgG1 B cells, circulating IgG4 B cells express lower levels of CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CCR6, and CCR7, chemokine receptors involved in GC reactions and generation of long-lived plasma cells. This phenotype was recapitulated by in vitro priming of naive B cells with an IgG4-inducing combination of TFH /TH2 cytokines. Consistent with these observations, we found a low abundance of IgG4 B cells in secondary lymphoid tissues in vivo, and the IgG4 antibody response is substantially more short-lived compared to other IgG subclasses in patient groups undergoing CD20+ B cell depletion therapy with rituximab. These results prompt the hypothesis that factors needed to form IgG4 B cells restrain at the same time the induction of a robust migratory phenotype that could support a long-lived IgG4 antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter-Paul A Unger
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura C Lighaam
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Vermeulen
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Kruithof
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mateusz Makuch
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma L Culver
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford and Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Sanquin Research, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester B M Remmerswaal
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ineke J M Ten Berge
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reindert W Emmens
- Department of Pathology and Cardiovascular Surgery, ACS, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W M Niessen
- Department of Pathology and Cardiovascular Surgery, ACS, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford and Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerrit J Wolbink
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bill CA, Soto OB, Vines CM. C-C Chemokine Receptor Seven (CCR7): Coming of Age In Vaccines. VACCINATION RESEARCH : OPEN JOURNAL 2016; 1:7-9. [PMID: 33511380 PMCID: PMC7839828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charlotte M. Vines
- Corresponding author Charlotte M. Vines, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA,
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Majumder PP, Staats HF, Sarkar-Roy N, Varma B, Ghosh T, Maiti S, Narayanasamy K, Whisnant CC, Stephenson JL, Wagener DK. Genetic determinants of immune-response to a polysaccharide vaccine for typhoid. THE HUGO JOURNAL 2010; 3:17-30. [PMID: 21119757 DOI: 10.1007/s11568-010-9134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Differences in immunological response among vaccine recipients are determined both by their genetic differences and environmental factors. Knowledge of genetic determinants of immunological response to a vaccine can be used to design a vaccine that circumvents immunogenetic restrictions. The currently available vaccine for typhoid is a pure polysaccharide vaccine, immune response to which is T-cell independent. Little is known about whether genetic variation among vaccinees associates with variation in their antibody response to a polysaccharide vaccine. We conducted a study on 1,000 individuals resident in an area at high-risk for typhoid; vaccinated them with the typhoid vaccine, measured their antibody response to the vaccine, assayed >2,000 curated SNPs chosen from 283 genes that are known to participate in immune-response; and analyzed these data using a strategy to (a) minimize the statistical problems associated with testing of multiple hypotheses, and (b) internally cross-validate inferences, using a half-sample design, with little loss of statistical power. The first stage analysis, using the first half-sample, identified 54 SNPs in 43 genes to be significantly associated with immune response. In the second-stage, these inferences were cross-validated using the second half-sample. First-stage results of only 8 SNPs (out of 54) in 7 genes (out of 43) were cross-validated. We tested additional SNPs in these 7 genes, and found 8 more SNPs to be significantly associated. Haplotypes constructed with these SNPs in these 7 genes also showed significant association. These 7 genes are DEFB1, TLR1, IL1RL1, CTLA4, MAPK8, CD86 and IL17D. The overall picture that has emerged from this study is that (a) immune response to polysaccharide antigens is qualitatively different from that to protein antigens, and (b) polymorphisms in genes involved in polysaccharide recognition, signal transduction, inhibition of T-cell proliferation, pro-inflammatory signaling and eventual production of antimicrobial peptides are associated with antibody response to the polysaccharide vaccine for typhoid. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11568-010-9134-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Wittenbrink N, Weber TS, Klein A, Weiser AA, Zuschratter W, Sibila M, Schuchhardt J, Or-Guil M. Broad volume distributions indicate nonsynchronized growth and suggest sudden collapses of germinal center B cell populations. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:1339-47. [PMID: 20053939 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunization with a T cell-dependent Ag leads to the formation of several hundred germinal centers (GCs) within secondary lymphoid organs, a key process in the maturation of the immune response. Although prevailing perceptions about affinity maturation intuitively assume simultaneous seeding, growth, and decay of GCs, our previous mathematical simulations led us to hypothesize that their growth might be nonsynchronized. To investigate this, we performed computer-aided three-dimensional reconstructions of splenic GCs to measure size distributions at consecutive time points following immunization of BALB/c mice with a conjugate of 2-phenyl-oxazolone and chicken serum albumin. Our analysis reveals a broad volume distribution of GCs, indicating that individual GCs certainly do not obey the average time course of the GC volumes and that their growth is nonsynchronized. To address the cause and implications of this behavior, we compared our empirical data with simulations of a stochastic mathematical model that allows for frequent and sudden collapses of GCs. Strikingly, this model succeeds in reproducing the empirical average kinetics of GC volumes as well as the underlying broad size distributions. Possible causes of GC B cell population collapses are discussed in the context of the affinity-maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wittenbrink
- Systems Immunology Group, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany
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