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Potts C, Schearer J, Sebrell TA, Bair D, Ayler B, Love J, Dankoff J, Harris PR, Zosso D, Bimczok D. MNPmApp: An image analysis tool to quantify mononuclear phagocyte distribution in mucosal tissues. Cytometry A 2022; 101:1012-1026. [PMID: 35569131 PMCID: PMC9663762 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) such as dendritic cells and macrophages perform key sentinel functions in mucosal tissues and are responsible for inducing and maintaining adaptive immune responses to mucosal pathogens. Positioning of MNPs at the epithelial interface facilitates their access to luminally-derived antigens and regulates MNP function through soluble mediators or surface receptor interactions. Therefore, accurately quantifying the distribution of MNPs within mucosal tissues as well as their spatial relationship with other cells is important to infer functional cellular interactions in health and disease. In this study, we developed and validated a MATLAB-based tissue cytometry platform, termed "MNP mapping application" (MNPmApp), that performs high throughput analyses of MNP density and distribution in the gastrointestinal mucosa based on digital multicolor fluorescence microscopy images and that integrates a Monte Carlo modeling feature to assess randomness of MNP distribution. MNPmApp identified MNPs in tissue sections of the human gastric mucosa with 98 ± 2% specificity and 76 ± 15% sensitivity for HLA-DR+ MNPs and 98 ± 1% specificity and 85 ± 12% sensitivity for CD11c+ MNPs. Monte Carlo modeling revealed that mean MNP-MNP distances for both HLA-DR+ and CD11c+ MNPs were significantly lower than anticipated based on random cell placement, whereas MNP-epithelial distances were similar to randomly placed cells. Surprisingly, H. pylori infection had no significant impact on the number of HLA-DR and CD11c MNPs or their distribution within the gastric lamina propria. However, our study demonstrated that MNPmApp is a reliable and user-friendly tool for unbiased quantitation of MNPs and their distribution at mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Potts
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Julia Schearer
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Thomas A Sebrell
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Dominic Bair
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | | | - Jordan Love
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Jennifer Dankoff
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Paul R. Harris
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dominique Zosso
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
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2
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Christoforidou Z, Mora Ortiz M, Poveda C, Abbas M, Walton G, Bailey M, Lewis MC. Sexual Dimorphism in Immune Development and in Response to Nutritional Intervention in Neonatal Piglets. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2705. [PMID: 31921096 PMCID: PMC6911813 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sex disparity in immunological function and susceptibility to various inflammatory and infectious disease is recognized in adults, far less is known about the situation in young infants during immune development. We have used an outbred piglet model to explore potential early sex disparity underlying both mucosal immune development and systemic responses to novel antigen. Despite similarities in intestinal barrier function and therefore, presumably, antigen exposure, females had less CD172+ (Sirp-α) antigen presenting cells and expression of MHCIIDR at 28 days old compared to males, along with greater regulatory T-cell numbers. This suggests that, during infancy, females may have greater potential for local immune regulation than their male counterparts. However, females also presented with significantly greater systemic antibody responses to injected ovalbumin and dietary soya. Females also synthesized significantly more IgA in mesenteric lymph nodes, whereas males synthesized more in caecal mucosa, suggesting that plasma cells were retained within the MLN in females, but increased numbers of plasma cells circulated through to the mucosal tissue in males. Significant effects of inulin and Bifidobacterium lactis NCC2818 on the developing immune system were also sex-dependent. Our results may start to explain inconsistencies in outcomes of trials of functional foods in infants, as distinction between males and females is seldom made. Since later functionality of the immune system is highly dependent on appropriate development during infancy, stratifying nutritional interventions by sex may present a novel means of optimizing treatments and preventative strategies to reduce the risk of the development of immunological disorders in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Christoforidou
- Infection and Immunity, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Mora Ortiz
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Poveda
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Munawar Abbas
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Walton
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bailey
- Infection and Immunity, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marie C Lewis
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Christoforidou Z, Burt R, Mulder I, Gill BP, Pluske J, Kelly D, Stokes CR, Bailey M, Lewis MC. Development of Immune Cells in the Intestinal Mucosa Can Be Affected by Intensive and Extensive Farm Environments, and Antibiotic Use. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1061. [PMID: 29868021 PMCID: PMC5964130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that exposure to farm environments during childhood can be linked to reductions in the incidence of immune disorders, but generating an appropriate model is difficult. 108 half-sibling piglets were born on either extensive (outdoor) or intensive (indoor) farms: at 1 day old, a subset of piglets from each litter were transferred to a high-hygiene isolator facility to create differences in rearing environment either during birth/first day or during the subsequent 56 days of life. Interactions between CD14, CD16, MHCIIDR, and capillary endothelium were assessed using four-color quantitative fluorescence immunohistology. Effects of birth and rearing environment on the antigen-presenting microenvironment of the proximal and distal jejunum (professional and stromal) were apparent at 5, 28, and 56 days after birth However, effects on CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in the intestinal mucosa were apparent around weaning at 28 days but had disappeared by 56 days. These Tregs were reduced in the isolator piglets compared to their farm-reared siblings, but this effect was less marked in piglets born on the extensive farm and required administration of antibiotics. Our results suggest that there may be at least two windows of opportunity in which different farm environments were influencing immune development: one during the perinatal period (up to the first day of life), and one during later infancy. Furthermore, the differences on Tregs suggest that the effects of early life influences may be particularly critical around weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Christoforidou
- Infection and Immunity, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Burt
- Infection and Immunity, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Imke Mulder
- Gut Immunology Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Bhupinder P Gill
- Agricultural and Horticultural Development Board, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - John Pluske
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Denise Kelly
- Gut Immunology Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher R Stokes
- Infection and Immunity, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bailey
- Infection and Immunity, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Marie C Lewis
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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4
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A review on early gut maturation and colonization in pigs, including biological and dietary factors affecting gut homeostasis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lewis MC, Merrifield CA, Berger B, Cloarec O, Duncker S, Mercenier A, Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Bailey M. Early intervention with Bifidobacterium lactis NCC2818 modulates the host-microbe interface independent of the sustained changes induced by the neonatal environment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5310. [PMID: 28706260 PMCID: PMC5509696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and metabolic diseases can originate during early-life and have been correlated with shifts in intestinal microbial ecology. Here we demonstrate that minor environmental fluctuations during the early neonatal period had sustained effects on the developing porcine microbiota and host-microbe interface. These inter-replicate effects appear to originate during the first day of life, and are likely to reflect very early microbiota acquisition from the environment. We statistically link early systemic inflammation with later local increases in inflammatory cytokine (IL-17) production, which could have important enteric health implications. Immunity, intestinal barrier function, host metabolism and host-microbiota co-metabolism were further modified by Bifidobacterium lactis NCC2818 supplementation, although composition of the in situ microbiota remained unchanged. Finally, our robust model identified novel, strong correlations between urinary metabolites (eg malonate, phenylacetylglycine, alanine) and mucosal immunoglobulin (IgM) and cytokine (IL-10, IL-4) production, thus providing the possibility of the development of urinary ‘dipstick’ tests to assess non-accessible mucosal immune development and identify early precursors (biomarkers) of disease. These results have important implications for infants exposed to neonatal factors including caesarean delivery, antibiotic therapy and delayed discharge from hospital environments, which may predispose to the development of inflammatory and metabolic diseases in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C Lewis
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Claire A Merrifield
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Bernard Berger
- Nestlé Research Centre, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | | | - Swantje Duncker
- Nestlé Research Centre, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Annick Mercenier
- Nestlé Research Centre, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Mick Bailey
- Infection and Immunity, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, North Somerset, BS40 5DU, UK
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Abstract
It is well accepted that T cell responses are integral in providing protection during pathogenic infections. In numerous tissues, T cell responses are generated to combat infection. Typically, these T cell responses are primed in draining lymph nodes (LN) by dendritic cells (DC) that have migrated from the infected tissue. Previously, it was thought that after the initial encounter between DC and T cells in the LN, the T cells underwent a programmed response. However, it has become increasingly clear that direct interactions between DCs and T cells in infected, peripheral tissues can modulate the activation, effector function, tissue residence, and memory responses of these T cells. This review will highlight the contribution of local, direct DC: T cell interactions to the regulation of T cell responses in various tissues during inflammation and infection .
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Summerfield A, Auray G, Ricklin M. Comparative Dendritic Cell Biology of Veterinary Mammals. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2015; 3:533-57. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland;
| | - Gael Auray
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland;
| | - Meret Ricklin
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland;
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Inman CF, Laycock GM, Mitchard L, Harley R, Warwick J, Burt R, van Diemen PM, Stevens M, Bailey M. Neonatal colonisation expands a specific intestinal antigen-presenting cell subset prior to CD4 T-cell expansion, without altering T-cell repertoire. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33707. [PMID: 22442714 PMCID: PMC3307746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the early-life colonising intestinal microbiota and the developing immune system are critical in determining the nature of immune responses in later life. Studies in neonatal animals in which this interaction can be examined are central to understanding the mechanisms by which the microbiota impacts on immune development and to developing therapies based on manipulation of the microbiome. The inbred piglet model represents a system that is comparable to human neonates and allows for control of the impact of maternal factors. Here we show that colonisation with a defined microbiota produces expansion of mucosal plasma cells and of T-lymphocytes without altering the repertoire of alpha beta T-cells in the intestine. Importantly, this is preceded by microbially-induced expansion of a signal regulatory protein α-positive (SIRPα+) antigen-presenting cell subset, whilst SIRPα−CD11R1+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are unaffected by colonisation. The central role of intestinal APCs in the induction and maintenance of mucosal immunity implicates SIRPα+ antigen-presenting cells as orchestrators of early-life mucosal immune development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte F Inman
- School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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9
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Devriendt B, De Geest BG, Cox E. Designing oral vaccines targeting intestinal dendritic cells. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:467-83. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.561312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Niess JH. What are CX3CR1+ mononuclear cells in the intestinal mucosa? Gut Microbes 2010; 1:396-400. [PMID: 21468223 PMCID: PMC3056106 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.1.6.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages play a key role for the maintenance of intestinal integrity by initiating innate and adaptive immune responses. Although DC and macrophages have been viewed as distinct lineages, the reliability of surface markers for the definition of DC and macrophages has recently been questioned. Here, I will discuss the ontogeny and function of CX(3)CR1(+) mononuclear cells in the small and large intestine.
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