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Fiadeiro MB, Diogo JC, Silva AA, Kim YS, Cristovao AC. NADPH Oxidases in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38760935 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzyme family, located in the central nervous system (CNS), is recognized as a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. Despite its importance in cellular processes, excessive ROS generation leads to cell death and is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. RECENT ADVANCES NOX enzymes contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and stroke, highlighting their potential as targets for future therapeutic development. This review will discuss NOX's contribution and therapeutic targeting potential in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on PD, AD, ALS, and Stroke. CRITICAL ISSUES Homeostatic and physiological levels of ROS are crucial for regulating several processes, such as development, memory, neuronal signaling, and vascular homeostasis. However, NOX-mediated excessive ROS generation is deeply involved in the damage of DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to cell death in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, namely neurodegenerative diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS It is essential to understand the role of NOX homologs in neurodegenerative disorders and the pathological mechanisms undergoing neurodegeneration mediated by increased levels of ROS. This further knowledge will allow the development of new specific NOX inhibitors and their application for neurodegenerative disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bernardo Fiadeiro
- University of Beira Interior, CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Center, Covilha, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- NeuroSoV, Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - João Campos Diogo
- University of Beira Interior, CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Center, Covilha, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- NeuroSoV, Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Ana Alexandra Silva
- University of Beira Interior, CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Center, Covilha, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- NeuroSoV, Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Yoon-Seong Kim
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, RWJMS Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States;
| | - Ana Clara Cristovao
- University of Beira Interior, CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Center, Covilha, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- NeuroSoV, Covilhã, Portugal;
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Role of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase in Regulation of NOX-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010067. [PMID: 36670929 PMCID: PMC9854495 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of NADPH oxidases (NOX) and the ensuing formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a vital aspect of antimicrobial defense but may also promote tumorigenesis. Enhanced NOX activity has been associated with aberrant activation of oncogenic cascades such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, which is upregulated in several malignancies. In this review, we examine the role of PI3K on the regulation of NOX-induced ROS formation in cancer.
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Kang EM. Disease Presentation, Treatment Options, and Outcomes for Myeloid Immunodeficiencies. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:14. [PMID: 33666780 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Up-to-date review on various types of immunodeficiencies with a significant myeloid component including some more recently described congenital disorders. RECENT FINDINGS While a number of disorders have been described in the past, genetic sequencing has led to the identification of the specific disorders and clarified their pathophysiology. Advances in genetic therapies including genetic editing should provide future treatments beyond hematopoietic stem cell transplant for patients with these rare disorders. Neutrophils (or granulocytes) are a major contributor to infection surveillance and clearance, and defective neutrophils characteristically lead to pyogenic infections. Deficiency in numbers, either iatrogenic or congenital; functional defects; and/or inability to target to the sites of infection can all lead to serious morbidity and mortality; however, myeloid-based immunodeficiencies are not all the same. Having absent neutrophils, that is, neutropenia, has implications different to those of having dysfunctional neutrophils as will become evident as the various disorders are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Kang
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 6-3752, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Colmenares-Aguilar M, Lima L. Role of 5-HT 2 and 5-HT 7 Serotonin Receptors, and Protein Kinases C and A on Taurine Transport in Lymphocytes of Rats Treated with Fluoxetine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 2:1129-1140. [PMID: 28849528 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Fluoxetine, an antidepressant and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, modulates immune cells in vitro. The present study investigates the influence of pharmacological agents which acts as agonist and antagonist of serotonin receptors ex vivo over taurine transport in lymphocytes of rats treated with fluoxetine by one week. The treatment with fluoxetine increase taurine transport and the incubation with the agonist of 5-HT2 receptor, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) counteract this effect, and ketanserin provoked no change in fluoxetine effect. While the agonist of 5-HT7 receptor, 4-[2-(methylthio)phenyl]-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphth alenyl)-1-piperazinehexanamide hydrochloride (LP44) had no significant effects, however the differences between Control and Fluoxetine groups were not observed, the antagonist (R)-3-[2-[2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl]phenol hydrochloride (SB269970) had no differences. Preincubation of cells with the diacylglycerol analogue, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) caused inhibition of fluoxetine treatment effect but this not occurred in presence of the PKC inhibitor, 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycerol (AMG-C16). Forskolin counteracted the effect of fluoxetine on taurine transport, since at the concentrations used, the rate of taurine transport in Fluoxetine group, returned to Control rate. No significant differences were observed with the PKA inhibitor. Although it is not possible to attribute a definitive role of 5-HT2 receptors in fluoxetine effect on taurine transport, its signaling might affect the function of it. Participation of PKC and PKA have an apparently relevant role in lymphocyte taurine transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Colmenares-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela.
| | - Lucimey Lima
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
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Graziano BR, Gong D, Anderson KE, Pipathsouk A, Goldberg AR, Weiner OD. A module for Rac temporal signal integration revealed with optogenetics. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2515-2531. [PMID: 28687663 PMCID: PMC5551696 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201604113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissecting the logic of individual signaling modules in complex networks can be challenging for cascades that exhibit feedback and redundancy. In this study, Graziano et al. take an optogenetics-based approach to identify and dissect a module that converts sustained PIP3 production to transient Rac activation in the neutrophil chemotaxis signaling network. Sensory systems use adaptation to measure changes in signaling inputs rather than absolute levels of signaling inputs. Adaptation enables eukaryotic cells to directionally migrate over a large dynamic range of chemoattractant. Because of complex feedback interactions and redundancy, it has been difficult to define the portion or portions of eukaryotic chemotactic signaling networks that generate adaptation and identify the regulators of this process. In this study, we use a combination of optogenetic intracellular inputs, CRISPR-based knockouts, and pharmacological perturbations to probe the basis of neutrophil adaptation. We find that persistent, optogenetically driven phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) production results in only transient activation of Rac, a hallmark feature of adaptive circuits. We further identify the guanine nucleotide exchange factor P-Rex1 as the primary PIP3-stimulated Rac activator, whereas actin polymerization and the GTPase-activating protein ArhGAP15 are essential for proper Rac turnoff. This circuit is masked by feedback and redundancy when chemoattractant is used as the input, highlighting the value of probing signaling networks at intermediate nodes to deconvolve complex signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Graziano
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Delquin Gong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Anne Pipathsouk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Anna R Goldberg
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Orion D Weiner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Nicotinic receptor involvement in regulation of functions of mouse neutrophils from inflammatory site. Immunobiology 2016; 221:761-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Shaw PJ, Feske S. Physiological and pathophysiological functions of SOCE in the immune system. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2012. [PMID: 22202035 DOI: 10.2741/540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Calcium signals play a critical role in many cell-type specific effector functions during innate and adaptive immune responses. The predominant mechanism to raise intracellular (Ca²⁺) used by most immune cells is store-operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE), whereby the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca²⁺ stores triggers the influx of extracellular Ca²⁺. SOCE in immune cells is mediated by the highly Ca²⁺ selective Ca²⁺-release-activated Ca²⁺ (CRAC) channel, encoded by ORAI1, ORAI2 and ORAI3 genes. ORAI proteins are activated by stromal interaction molecules (STIM) 1 and 2, which act as sensors of ER Ca²⁺ store depletion. The importance of SOCE mediated by STIM and ORAI proteins for immune function is evident from the immunodeficiency and autoimmunity in patients with mutations in STIM1 and ORAI1 genes. These patients and studies in gene-targeted mice have revealed an essential role for ORAI/STIM proteins in the function of several immune cells. This review focuses on recent advances made towards understanding the role of SOCE in immune cells with an emphasis on the immune dysregulation that results from defects in SOCE in human patients and transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Shaw
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in many intra- and intercellular processes. High levels of ROS are generated as part of the innate immunity in the respiratory burst of phagocytic cells. Low levels of ROS, however, are generated in a highly controlled manner by various cell types to act as second messengers in redox-sensitive pathways. A NADPH oxidase has been initially described as the respiratory burst enzyme in neutrophils. Stimulation of this complex enzyme system requires specific signaling cascades linking it to membrane-receptor activation. Subsequently, a family of NADPH oxidases has been identified in various nonphagocytic cells. They mainly differ in containing one out of seven homologous catalytic core proteins termed NOX1 to NOX5 and DUOX1 or 2. NADPH oxidase activity is controlled by regulatory subunits, including the NOX regulators p47phox and p67phox, their homologs NOXO1 and NOXA1, or the DUOX1 or 2 regulators DUOXA1 and 2. In addition, the GTPase Rac modulates activity of several of these enzymes. Recently, additional proteins have been identified that seem to have a regulatory function on NADPH oxidase activity under certain conditions. We will thus summarize molecular pathways linking activation of different membrane-bound receptors with increased ROS production of NADPH oxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Petry
- Experimental Pediatric Cardiology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Salmon MD, Ahluwalia J. Discrimination between receptor- and store-operated Ca(2+) influx in human neutrophils. Cell Immunol 2010; 265:1-5. [PMID: 20716450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) and Sr(2+) entry pathways activated by pro-inflammatory agonists FMLP, LTB(4) and PAF have been compared to thapsigargin in human neutrophils. 2-APB (10microM) increased Ca(2+) influx and to a greater extent in agonist than in thapsigargin stimulated neutrophils. This action of 2-APB was specific to Ca(2+) because 2-APB did not augment Sr(2+) entry in agonist and thapsigargin stimulated neutrophils. This suggests that Ca(2+) and Sr(2+) entry can be used to discriminate between receptor and non-receptor (store)-operated Ca(2+) influx. Our data show for the first time that Pyr3 whilst partially inhibiting agonist induced Ca(2+) influx almost completely abolished Ca(2+) influx after thapsigargin stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Salmon
- Leukocyte and Ion Channel Research Laboratory, School of Health and Biosciences, University of East London, Stratford Campus, Romford Road, London E15 4LZ, UK
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