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Fornari Laurindo L, Aparecido Dias J, Cressoni Araújo A, Torres Pomini K, Machado Galhardi C, Rucco Penteado Detregiachi C, Santos de Argollo Haber L, Donizeti Roque D, Dib Bechara M, Vialogo Marques de Castro M, de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira E, José Tofano R, Jasmin Santos German Borgo I, Maria Barbalho S. Immunological dimensions of neuroinflammation and microglial activation: exploring innovative immunomodulatory approaches to mitigate neuroinflammatory progression. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1305933. [PMID: 38259497 PMCID: PMC10800801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1305933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing life expectancy has led to a higher incidence of age-related neurodegenerative conditions. Within this framework, neuroinflammation emerges as a significant contributing factor. It involves the activation of microglia and astrocytes, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the infiltration of peripheral leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS). These instances result in neuronal damage and neurodegeneration through activated nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathways and decreased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Due to limited effectiveness regarding the inhibition of neuroinflammatory targets using conventional drugs, there is challenging growth in the search for innovative therapies for alleviating neuroinflammation in CNS diseases or even before their onset. Our results indicate that interventions focusing on Interleukin-Driven Immunomodulation, Chemokine (CXC) Receptor Signaling and Expression, Cold Exposure, and Fibrin-Targeted strategies significantly promise to mitigate neuroinflammatory processes. These approaches demonstrate potential anti-neuroinflammatory effects, addressing conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Parkinson's Disease, and Alzheimer's Disease. While the findings are promising, immunomodulatory therapies often face limitations due to Immune-Related Adverse Events. Therefore, the conduction of randomized clinical trials in this matter is mandatory, and will pave the way for a promising future in the development of new medicines with specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Aparecido Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Torres Pomini
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Machado Galhardi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luíza Santos de Argollo Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Domingos Donizeti Roque
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iris Jasmin Santos German Borgo
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), School of Dentistry of Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tang Y, Sun M, Liu Z. Phytochemicals with protective effects against acute pancreatitis: a review of recent literature. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:479-490. [PMID: 35180016 PMCID: PMC8865097 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2039723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute abdominal inflammatory disease with episodes ranging from mild to fulminant symptoms which could include necrosis, systemic inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction. Increasing experimental evidence demonstrates that specific bioactive ingredients from natural plants have a favourable therapeutic effect on AP. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to summarize the protective effects and potential mechanisms of action of phytochemicals on the attenuation of AP. METHODS Experimental studies in vivo or in vitro between January 2016 and June 2021 were sought in PubMed and Web of Science using the following search terms: ('phytochemicals' OR 'medicinal plant' OR 'traditional medicine') AND ('pancreatitis' OR 'pancreatic damage' OR 'pancreatic injury'). Data concerning the basic characteristics of phytochemicals, therapeutic dose and potential molecular mechanisms related to AP were extracted in this study. RESULTS A total of 30 phytochemicals with potential therapeutic effects were reviewed and summarized systematically. According to their molecular pathways in AP, the underlying mechanisms of the phytochemicals were illustrated in detail. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities may be efficient candidate drugs for AP treatment. Importantly, more preclinical investigations are needed to illustrate the efficacy of future phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingli Sun
- School of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenning Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- CONTACT Zhenning Liu Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, China
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Wang J, Chen X, Zhang L, Zheng Y, Qian J, Sun N, Ding X, Cui B. Chick early amniotic fluid component improves heart function and protects against inflammation after myocardial infarction in mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1042852. [DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1042852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the major cause of mortality around the world. We recently demonstrated that chick early amniotic fluid (ceAF) can effectively rescue ischemic heart injury, indicating that it has a therapeutic function in MI. However, its functional components and the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. Here, we demonstrated that a fraction of ceAF, peak 8 (P8), had a protective effect on acute MI. P8 significantly decreased cardiomyocyte cross-sectional areas and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in MI mice. Using a human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte model, which was subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation, mimicking MI state, we found that P8 treatment reduced apoptosis and reversed myocardial contractility. Mechanistically, P8 improved cardiac function by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and downregulating inflammatory cytokine expression. Using mass spectrometry, we identified that guanosine and deoxynucleoside were the main functional components of P8 that suppressed the inflammatory response in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Collectively, our data suggest that specific components from ceAF are promising therapeutic agents for ischemic heart injury and could be a potential supplement to current medications for MI.
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Damascena HL, Silveira WAA, Castro MS, Fontes W. Neutrophil Activated by the Famous and Potent PMA (Phorbol Myristate Acetate). Cells 2022; 11:2889. [PMID: 36139464 PMCID: PMC9496763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will briefly outline the major signaling pathways in PMA-activated neutrophils. PMA is widely used to understand neutrophil pathways and formation of NETs. PMA activates PKC; however, we highlight some isoforms that contribute to specific functions. PKC α, β and δ contribute to ROS production while PKC βII and PKC ζ are involved in cytoskeleton remodeling. Actin polymerization is important for the chemotaxis of neutrophils and its remodeling is connected to ROS balance. We suggest that, although ROS and production of NETs are usually observed together in PMA-activated neutrophils, there might be a regulatory mechanism balancing both. Interestingly, we suggest that serine proteases might determine the PAD4 action. PAD4 could be responsible for the activation of the NF-κB pathway that leads to IL-1β release, triggering the cleavage of gasdermin D by serine proteases such as elastase, leading to pore formation contributing to release of NETs. On the other hand, when serine proteases are inhibited, NETs are formed by citrullination through the PAD4 pathway. This review puts together results from the last 31 years of research on the effects of PMA on the neutrophil and proposes new insights on their interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
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Nowak K, Jabłońska E, Ratajczak-Wrona W. NF-κB-An Important Player in Xenoestrogen Signaling in Immune Cells. Cells 2021; 10:1799. [PMID: 34359968 PMCID: PMC8304139 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper functioning of the immune system is critical for an effective defense against pathogenic factors such as bacteria and viruses. All the cellular processes taking place in an organism are strictly regulated by an intracellular network of signaling pathways. In the case of immune cells, the NF-κB pathway is considered the key signaling pathway as it regulates the expression of more than 200 genes. The transcription factor NF-κB is sensitive to exogenous factors, such as xenoestrogens (XEs), which are compounds mimicking the action of endogenous estrogens and are widely distributed in the environment. Moreover, XE-induced modulation of signaling pathways may be crucial for the proper development of the immune system. In this review, we summarize the effects of XEs on the NF-κB signaling pathway. Based on our analysis, we constructed a model of XE-induced signaling in immune cells and found that in most cases XEs activate NF-κB. Our analysis indicated that the indirect impact of XEs on NF-κB in immune cells is related to the modulation of estrogen signaling and other pathways such as MAPK and JAK/STAT. We also summarize the role of these aspects of signaling in the development and further functioning of the immune system in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (E.J.); (W.R.-W.)
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NF-kappaB: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9010024. [PMID: 29315242 PMCID: PMC5793177 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor family that regulates a large number of genes that are involved in important physiological processes, including survival, inflammation, and immune responses. More recently, constitutive expression of NF-κB has been associated with several types of cancer. In addition, microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria, cooperate in the activation of NF-κB in tumors, confirming the multifactorial role of this transcription factor as a cancer driver. Recent reports have shown that the NF-κB signaling pathway should receive attention for the development of therapies. In addition to the direct effects of NF-κB in cancer cells, it might also impact immune cells that can both promote or prevent tumor development. Currently, with the rise of cancer immunotherapy, the link among immune cells, inflammation, and cancer is a major focus, and NF-κB could be an important regulator for the success of these therapies. This review discusses the contrasting roles of NF-κB as a regulator of pro- and antitumor processes and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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7
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Koopmans T, Eilers R, Menzen M, Halayko A, Gosens R. β-Catenin Directs Nuclear Factor-κB p65 Output via CREB-Binding Protein/p300 in Human Airway Smooth Muscle. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1086. [PMID: 28943877 PMCID: PMC5596077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein that apart from its role in proliferative and differentiation events, also acts upon inflammatory processes, mainly via interaction with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). However, there is still controversy as to whether β-catenin facilitates or represses NF-κB output. Insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between β-catenin and NF-κB have highlighted the cofactors CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300 as important candidates. Here, we hypothesized that the interaction of β-catenin with CBP/p300 directs NF-κB output. Using human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells, we found that β-catenin is essential in interleukin -1β (IL-1β)-mediated expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) by promoting nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. These effects were independent from WNT pathway activation or other factors that promote β-catenin signaling. In the nucleus, inhibition of either the CBP- or p300-β-catenin interaction could regulate NF-κB output, by enhancing (CBP inhibition) or inhibiting (p300 inhibition) IL-1β-induced expression of IL-6, respectively. Acetylation of p65 by p300 likely underlies these events, as inhibition of the p300-β-catenin interaction diminished levels of acetylated p65 at lysine 310, thereby reducing p65 transcriptional activity. In conclusion, β-catenin is a critical component of NF-κB-mediated inflammation in human ASM, affecting transcriptional output by interacting with the nuclear cofactors CBP and p300. Targeting β-catenin may be an alternative strategy to treat airway inflammation in patients with airway disease, such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Koopmans
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Roos Eilers
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mark Menzen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Andrew Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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8
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Nowak K, Ratajczak-Wrona W, Garley M, Jabłońska E. The effect of ethanol and N-nitrosodimethylamine on the iNOS-dependent NO production in human neutrophils. Role of NF-κB. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:498-505. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1342150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Marzena Garley
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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9
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Day AM, Smith DA, Ikeh MAC, Haider M, Herrero-de-Dios CM, Brown AJP, Morgan BA, Erwig LP, MacCallum DM, Quinn J. Blocking two-component signalling enhances Candida albicans virulence and reveals adaptive mechanisms that counteract sustained SAPK activation. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006131. [PMID: 28135328 PMCID: PMC5300278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ypd1 phosphorelay protein is a central constituent of fungal two-component signal transduction pathways. Inhibition of Ypd1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cryptococcus neoformans is lethal due to the sustained activation of the 'p38-related' Hog1 stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK). As two-component signalling proteins are not found in animals, Ypd1 is considered to be a prime antifungal target. However, a major fungal pathogen of humans, Candida albicans, can survive the concomitant sustained activation of Hog1 that occurs in cells lacking YPD1. Here we show that the sustained activation of Hog1 upon Ypd1 loss is mediated through the Ssk1 response regulator. Moreover, we present evidence that C. albicans survives SAPK activation in the short-term, following Ypd1 loss, by triggering the induction of protein tyrosine phosphatase-encoding genes which prevent the accumulation of lethal levels of phosphorylated Hog1. In addition, our studies reveal an unpredicted, reversible, mechanism that acts to substantially reduce the levels of phosphorylated Hog1 in ypd1Δ cells following long-term sustained SAPK activation. Indeed, over time, ypd1Δ cells become phenotypically indistinguishable from wild-type cells. Importantly, we also find that drug-induced down-regulation of YPD1 expression actually enhances the virulence of C. albicans in two distinct animal infection models. Investigating the underlying causes of this increased virulence, revealed that drug-mediated repression of YPD1 expression promotes hyphal growth both within murine kidneys, and following phagocytosis, thus increasing the efficacy by which C. albicans kills macrophages. Taken together, these findings challenge the targeting of Ypd1 proteins as a general antifungal strategy and reveal novel cellular adaptation mechanisms to sustained SAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M. Day
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah A. Smith
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mélanie A. C. Ikeh
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Haider
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen M. Herrero-de-Dios
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J. P. Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Brian A. Morgan
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lars P. Erwig
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Donna M. MacCallum
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Quinn
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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10
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McLoed AG, Sherrill TP, Cheng DS, Han W, Saxon JA, Gleaves LA, Wu P, Polosukhin VV, Karin M, Yull FE, Stathopoulos GT, Georgoulias V, Zaynagetdinov R, Blackwell TS. Neutrophil-Derived IL-1β Impairs the Efficacy of NF-κB Inhibitors against Lung Cancer. Cell Rep 2016; 16:120-132. [PMID: 27320908 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although epithelial NF-κB signaling is important for lung carcinogenesis, NF-κB inhibitors are ineffective for cancer treatment. To explain this paradox, we studied mice with genetic deletion of IKKβ in myeloid cells and found enhanced tumorigenesis in Kras(G12D) and urethane models of lung cancer. Myeloid-specific inhibition of NF-κB augmented pro-IL-1β processing by cathepsin G in neutrophils, leading to increased IL-1β and enhanced epithelial cell proliferation. Combined treatment with bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor that blocks NF-κB activation, and IL-1 receptor antagonist reduced tumor formation and growth in vivo. In lung cancer patients, plasma IL-1β levels correlated with poor prognosis, and IL-1β increased following bortezomib treatment. Together, our studies elucidate an important role for neutrophils and IL-1β in lung carcinogenesis and resistance to NF-κB inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson G McLoed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Taylor P Sherrill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jamie A Saxon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Linda A Gleaves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pingsheng Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vasiliy V Polosukhin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 691 Preston Building, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Vassilis Georgoulias
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete 71110, Greece
| | - Rinat Zaynagetdinov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 691 Preston Building, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, TN 37232, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC 20420, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
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Fullerton JN, Gilroy DW. Resolution of inflammation: a new therapeutic frontier. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:551-67. [PMID: 27020098 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated inflammation is a central pathological process in diverse disease states. Traditionally, therapeutic approaches have sought to modulate the pro- or anti-inflammatory limbs of inflammation, with mixed success. However, insight into the pathways by which inflammation is resolved has highlighted novel opportunities to pharmacologically manipulate these processes - a strategy that might represent a complementary (and perhaps even superior) therapeutic approach. This Review discusses the state of the art in the biology of resolution of inflammation, highlighting the opportunities and challenges for translational research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Fullerton
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
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12
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Schuliga M. NF-kappaB Signaling in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Disease. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1266-83. [PMID: 26131974 PMCID: PMC4598751 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are obstructive airway disorders which differ in their underlying causes and phenotypes but overlap in patterns of pharmacological treatments. In both asthma and COPD, oxidative stress contributes to airway inflammation by inducing inflammatory gene expression. The redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB (NF-κB), is an important participant in a broad spectrum of inflammatory networks that regulate cytokine activity in airway pathology. The anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids (GCs), a mainstay treatment for asthma, involve inhibition of NF-κB induced gene transcription. Ligand bound GC receptors (GRs) bind NF-κB to suppress the transcription of NF-κB responsive genes (i.e., transrepression). However, in severe asthma and COPD, the transrepression of NF-κB by GCs is negated as a consequence of post-translational changes to GR and histones involved in chromatin remodeling. Therapeutics which target NF-κB activation, including inhibitors of IκB kinases (IKKs) are potential treatments for asthma and COPD. Furthermore, reversing GR/histone acetylation shows promise as a strategy to treat steroid refractory airway disease by augmenting NF-κB transrepression. This review examines NF-κB signaling in airway inflammation and its potential as target for treatment of asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schuliga
- Lung Health Research Centre (LHRC), Department Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Grattan St., Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia.
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13
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Pliyev BK, Ivanova AV, Savchenko VG. Extracellular NAD(+) inhibits human neutrophil apoptosis. Apoptosis 2015; 19:581-93. [PMID: 24292505 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of neutrophil apoptosis plays a critical role in the inflammatory response. Inflammation has previously been shown to increase levels of extracellular β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)). The present study demonstrates that extracellular NAD(+) at concentrations found in the inflamed tissues profoundly delays spontaneous apoptosis of human neutrophils as was evidenced by inhibition of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation. The effect was abrogated by NF157, an antagonist of P2Y11 receptor, and was pertussis toxin-insensitive. The NAD(+)-mediated delay of neutrophil apoptosis was reversed by 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase, and Rp-8-Br-cAMPS, an inhibitor of type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). Blocking of NAD(+)-induced influx of extracellular Ca(2+) with EGTA did not abolish the pro-survival effect of NAD(+). Extracellular NAD(+) inhibited proteasome-dependent degradation of Mcl-1 upstream of caspase activation and, furthermore, suppressed Bax translocation to the mitochondria and attenuated both dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Finally, we found that extracellular NAD(+) inhibited spontaneous activation of caspase-9, but not caspase-8, and the pro-survival effect of extracellular NAD(+) was abrogated by the inhibitor of caspase-9, but not by the inhibitor of caspase-8. Together, these results demonstrate that extracellular NAD(+) inhibits neutrophil apoptosis via P2Y11 receptor and cAMP/PKA pathway by regulating Mcl-1 level, Bax targeting to the mitochondria and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Thus, extracellular NAD(+) acts as a neutrophil survival factor that can contribute to prolonged neutrophil lifespan in inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris K Pliyev
- Hematology Research Center, Novy Zykovsky Pr. 4, Moscow, 125167, Russia,
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14
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Meijer M, Rijkers GT, van Overveld FJ. Neutrophils and emerging targets for treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 9:1055-68. [PMID: 24168412 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2013.851347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a decreased airflow due to airway narrowing that, once it occurs, is not fully reversible. The disease usually is progressive and associated with an enhanced inflammatory response in the lungs after exposure to noxious particles or gases. After removal of the noxious particles, the inflammation can continue in a self-sustaining manner. It has been established that improper activation of neutrophils lies at the core of the pathology. This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms by which neutrophils can induce the pulmonary damage of COPD. As the pathogenesis of COPD is slowly being unraveled, new points of intervention are discovered, some of which with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Meijer
- Department of Science, University College Roosevelt, Lange Noordstraat 1, 4113 CB Middelburg, The Netherlands
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15
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Yanai M, Rocha MA, Matolek AZ, Chintalacharuvu A, Taira Y, Chintalacharuvu K, Beenhouwer DO. Separately or combined, LukG/LukH is functionally unique compared to other staphylococcal bicomponent leukotoxins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89308. [PMID: 24586678 PMCID: PMC3930693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that elaborates several exotoxins. Among these are the bicomponent leukotoxins (BCLs), which include γ-hemolysin, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and LukDE. The toxin components are classified as either F or S proteins, which are secreted individually and assemble on cell surfaces to form hetero-oligomeric pores resulting in lysis of PMNs and/or erythrocytes. F and S proteins of γ-hemolysin, PVL and LukDE have ∼ 70% sequence homology within the same class and several heterologous combinations of F and S members from these three bicomponent toxin groups are functional. Recently, an additional BCL pair, LukGH (also called LukAB) that has only 30% homology to γ-hemolysin, PVL and LukDE, has been characterized from S. aureus. Our results showed that LukGH was more cytotoxic to human PMNs than PVL. However, LukGH-induced calcium ion influx in PMNs was markedly attenuated and slower than that induced by PVL and other staphylococcal BCLs. In contrast to other heterologous BCL combinations, LukG in combination with heterologous S components, and LukH in combination with heterologous F components did not induce calcium ion entry or cell lysis in human PMNs or rabbit erythrocytes. Like PVL, LukGH induced IL-8 production by PMNs. While individual components LukG and LukH had no cytolytic or calcium influx activity, they each induced high levels of IL-8 transcription and secretion. IL-8 production induced by LukG or LukH was dependent on NF-κB. Therefore, our results indicate LukGH differs functionally from other staphylococcal BCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machi Yanai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Emergency and Critical Care, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miguel A. Rocha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anthony Z. Matolek
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Archana Chintalacharuvu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yasuhiko Taira
- Emergency and Critical Care, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koteswara Chintalacharuvu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David O. Beenhouwer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Abstract
Clinical trials with new drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been performed. Viruses exacerbate COPD and bacteria may play a part in severe COPD; therefore, antibiotic and antiviral approaches have a sound rationale. Antiinflammatory approaches have been studied. Advances in understanding the molecular basis of other processes have resulted in novel drugs to target reactive oxidant species, mucus, proteases, fibrosis, cachexia, and muscle wasting, and accelerated aging. Studies with monoclonal antibodies have been disappointing, highlighting the tendency for infections and malignancies during treatment. Promising future directions are lung regeneration with retinoids and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Ross
- Imperial Clinical Respiratory Research Unit (ICRRU), Biomedical Research Centre (BMRC), Centre for Respiratory Infection (CRI), National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, Praed Street, Paddington, London W2 INY, UK
| | - Trevor T Hansel
- Imperial Clinical Respiratory Research Unit (ICRRU), Biomedical Research Centre (BMRC), Centre for Respiratory Infection (CRI), National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, Praed Street, Paddington, London W2 INY, UK.
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17
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Pliyev BK, Menshikov M. Differential effects of the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and chloroquine on spontaneous and TNF-α-induced neutrophil apoptosis. Apoptosis 2013; 17:1050-65. [PMID: 22638980 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis cooperate to modulate cell survival. Neutrophils are short-lived cells and apoptosis is considered to be the major mechanism of their death. In the present study, we addressed whether autophagy regulates neutrophil apoptosis and investigated the effects of autophagy inhibition on apoptosis of human neutrophils. We first showed that the established autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (MA) and chloroquine (CQ) markedly accelerated spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis as was evidenced by phosphatidylserine exposure, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation. Apoptosis induced by the autophagy inhibitors was completely abrogated by a pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh. Unexpectedly, both MA and CQ significantly delayed neutrophil apoptosis induced by TNF-α, although the inhibitors did attenuate late pro-survival effect of the cytokine. The effect was specific for TNF-α because it was not observed in the presence of other inflammation-associated cytokines (IL-1β or IL-8). The autophagy inhibitors did not modulate surface expression of TNF-α receptors in the absence or presence of TNF-α. Both MA and CQ induced a marked down-regulation of a key anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 but did not affect significantly the levels of another anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-X(L). Finally, to confirm the effects of the pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by a genetic approach, we evaluated the consequences of siRNA-mediated autophagy suppression in neutrophil-like differentiated HL60 cells. Knockdown of ATG5 in the cells resulted in accelerated spontaneous apoptosis but attenuated TNF-α-induced apoptosis. Together, these data suggest that autophagy regulates neutrophil apoptosis in an inflammatory context-dependent manner and mediates the early pro-apoptotic effect of TNF-α in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris K Pliyev
- Department of Biological and Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Pr., 31-5, Moscow 119192, Russia.
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18
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Resolution of inflammation: mechanisms and opportunity for drug development. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 139:189-212. [PMID: 23583354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a beneficial host reaction to tissue damage and has the essential primary purpose of restoring tissue homeostasis. Inflammation plays a major role in containing and resolving infection and may also occur under sterile conditions. The cardinal signs of inflammation dolor, calor, tumor and rubor are intrinsically associated with events including vasodilatation, edema and leukocyte trafficking into the site of inflammation. If uncontrolled or unresolved, inflammation itself can lead to further tissue damage and give rise to chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity with eventual loss of organ function. It is now evident that the resolution of inflammation is an active continuous process that occurs during an acute inflammatory episode. Successful resolution requires activation of endogenous programs with switch from production of pro-inflammatory towards pro-resolving molecules, such as specific lipid mediators and annexin A1, and the non-phlogistic elimination of granulocytes by apoptosis with subsequent removal by surrounding macrophages. These processes ensure rapid restoration of tissue homeostasis. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of resolution of inflammation, highlighting the pharmacological strategies that may interfere with the molecular pathways which control leukocyte survival and clearance. Such strategies have proved beneficial in several pre-clinical models of inflammatory diseases, suggesting that pharmacological modulation of the resolution process may be useful for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases in humans.
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Sarkar A, Aga E, Bussmeyer U, Bhattacharyya A, Möller S, Hellberg L, Behnen M, Solbach W, Laskay T. Infection of neutrophil granulocytes with Leishmania major activates ERK 1/2 and modulates multiple apoptotic pathways to inhibit apoptosis. Med Microbiol Immunol 2012; 202:25-35. [PMID: 22661217 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-012-0246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes provide the first line of defense against bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections. They phagocytose and kill many invading pathogens. Certain pathogenic microorganisms such as the intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania major (L. major) can survive inside neutrophils. Mature neutrophils have a very short life span due to spontaneous apoptosis. Previously, we have reported that infections with L. major are able to delay spontaneous apoptosis. In the present study, we addressed the underlying mechanisms of regulation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. We show that interaction with L. major transiently activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation reversed the apoptosis delay. Moreover, infection leads to the enhanced and sustainable expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bfl-1, respectively. As downstream events, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and processing of caspase-6 were inhibited. We also confirm that infection with L. major results in reduced FAS expression on the surface of neutrophils. The presented data indicate that infection with L. major affects both intrinsic as well as extrinsic pathways of neutrophil apoptosis. Enhanced life span of host neutrophils enables the parasite to survive within neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Sarkar
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Yang EJ, Choi E, Ko J, Kim DH, Lee JS, Kim IS. Differential effect of CCL2 on constitutive neutrophil apoptosis between normal and asthmatic subjects. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2567-77. [PMID: 21898402 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of CCL2 on constitutive apoptosis of normal and asthmatic neutrophils. CCL2 blocked the constitutive apoptosis of normal neutrophils through CCR2. CCL2 also induced elevation of the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration but had no effect on normal neutrophil chemotaxis. Constitutive apoptosis, calcium influx, and cell migration of asthmatic neutrophils were not affected by CCL2 stimulation. Supernatant collected from CCL2-treated normal neutrophils inhibited the constitutive apoptosis of normal neutrophils. Anti-apoptotic signaling mediated by CCL2 was found to be associated with the PI3K/Akt/ERK/NF-κB cascade in normal neutrophils. Both the cleavage of procaspase 3 and procaspase 9 and the decrease of in Mcl-1 expression were delayed by CCL2 stimulation. Inhibition of NF-κB blocked constitutive apoptosis of neutrophils from asthmatic patients via inhibition of the cleavage of procaspase 3 and procaspase 9, in contrast to normal neutrophils. NF-κB was involved in CCL2-induced anti-apoptotic signaling in normal neutrophils, whereas NF-κB functioned as a basal pro-apoptotic factor in asthmatic neutrophils. A better understanding of the difference in the regulation of neutrophil apoptosis due to CCL2 between normal individuals and asthmatics will enable elucidation of the role of CC chemokine in neutrophils and a framework for understanding the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Yang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Repulbic of Korea
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21
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Facts and fiction: the impact of hypothermia on molecular mechanisms following major challenge. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:762840. [PMID: 22481864 PMCID: PMC3316953 DOI: 10.1155/2012/762840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous multiple trauma and surgical patients suffer from accidental hypothermia. While induced hypothermia is commonly used in elective cardiac surgery due to its protective effects, accidental hypothermia is associated with increased posttraumatic complications and even mortality in severely injured patients. This paper focuses on protective molecular mechanisms of hypothermia on apoptosis and the posttraumatic immune response. Although information regarding severe trauma is limited, there is evidence that induced hypothermia may have beneficial effects on the posttraumatic immune response as well as apoptosis in animal studies and certain clinical situations. However, more profound knowledge of mechanisms is necessary before randomized clinical trials in trauma patients can be initiated.
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Rashmi R, Schnulle PM, Maddox AC, Armbrecht ES, Koenig JM. Flice inhibitory protein is associated with the survival of neonatal neutrophils. Pediatr Res 2011; 70:327-31. [PMID: 21691254 PMCID: PMC3166417 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3182290062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) exhibit delayed apoptosis both constitutively and under inflammatory conditions, and evidence has linked PMN longevity to the presence of antiapoptotic proteins. Activation of the survival-associated transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), promotes the synthesis of several antiapoptotic proteins including Flice inhibitory protein (FLIP). Neonatal and adult PMN were compared in this study to test the hypothesis that FLIP modulates age-related apoptosis. Expression of the short isoform, FLIP-S, was prominent at baseline and persisted during spontaneous apoptosis in neonatal PMN, whereas basal expression was lower and decreased under the same conditions in adult PMN. Stable FLIP-S expression in neonatal PMN was associated with a relative resistance to apoptosis in response to the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide (CHX), or the NF-κB inhibitor, gliotoxin. In contrast, similar treatment of adult PMN promoted greater overall apoptosis accompanied by FLIP degradation. Nuclear levels of phosphorylated p65, a critical NF-κB dimer, were relatively robust in neonatal PMN under basal conditions or after stimulation with TNF-α, a cytokine that induces FLIP. In conclusion, persistent FLIP-S expression is involved in the longevity of neonatal PMN, and our data suggest a contribution of NF-κB signaling and related survival mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Rashmi
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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23
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Langereis JD, Franciosi L, Ulfman LH, Koenderman L. GM-CSF and TNFα modulate protein expression of human neutrophils visualized by fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. Cytokine 2011; 56:422-9. [PMID: 21873076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased serum levels of TNFα and GM-CSF are found in various chronic inflammatory diseases and these cytokines affect the function of circulating and tissue neutrophils. TNFα- and GM-CSF-induced protein expression profiles could, therefore, serve as biomarker for the action of these cytokines in vivo. We stimulated human peripheral neutrophils with TNFα and GM-CSF in vitro and analyzed changes in their proteome by fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). We report the differential expression of 3 and 18 protein spots following TNFα and GM-CSF stimulation, respectively. Differences in protein expression induced by TNFα were limited and did not show discriminatory power in a principal component analysis, whereas the profile induced by GM-CSF did. TNFα- and GM-CSF-induced both de novo IL-1β and sIL-1Ra protein expression as detected by Western blot analysis, which confirmed proper neutrophil activation by these cytokines in vitro. Mass spectrometry analysis of cytokine-regulated protein spots resulted in the identification of 8 proteins. Among the identified proteins, enolase 1 and annexin A1 might function as markers for peripheral neutrophil activation. In conclusion, a proteomic analysis of neutrophils by 2D-DIGE provides proof-of-principle that cytokine-induced protein profiles can serve as biomarkers for the action of individual cytokines in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen D Langereis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Reduction of neutrophil activity decreases early microvascular injury after subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:103. [PMID: 21854561 PMCID: PMC3170601 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) elicits rapid pathological changes in the structure and function of parenchymal vessels (≤ 100 μm). The role of neutrophils in these changes has not been determined. This study investigates the role of neutrophils in early microvascular changes after SAH Method Rats were either untreated, treated with vinblastine or anti-polymorphonuclear (PMN) serum, which depletes neutrophils, or treated with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), which limits neutrophil activity. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation. Neutrophil infiltration and the integrity of vascular endothelium and basement membrane were assessed immunohistochemically. Vascular collagenase activity was assessed by in situ zymography. Results Vinblastine and anti-PMN serum reduced post-SAH accumulation of neutrophils in cerebral vessels and in brain parenchyma. PDTC increased the neutrophil accumulation in cerebral vessels and decreased accumulation in brain parenchyma. In addition, each of the three agents decreased vascular collagenase activity and post-SAH loss of vascular endothelial and basement membrane immunostaining. Conclusions Our results implicate neutrophils in early microvascular injury after SAH and indicate that treatments which reduce neutrophil activity can be beneficial in limiting microvascular injury and increasing survival after SAH.
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Cigarette smoke-exposed neutrophils die unconventionally but are rapidly phagocytosed by macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2011; 2:e131. [PMID: 21412277 PMCID: PMC3101810 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2011.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary accumulation of neutrophils is typical for active smokers who are also predisposed to multiple inflammatory and infectious lung diseases. We show that human neutrophil exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) leads to an atypical cell death sharing features of apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. Accumulation of tar-like substances in autophagosomes is also apparent. Before detection of established cell death markers, CSE-treated neutrophils are effectively recognized and non-phlogistically phagocytosed by monocyte-derived macrophages. Blockade of LOX-1 and scavenger receptor A, but not MARCO or CD36, as well as pre-incubation with oxLDL, inhibited phagocytosis, suggesting that oxLDL-like structures are major phagocytosis signals. Specific lipid (β-carotene and quercetin), but not aqueous, antioxidants increased the pro-phagocytic effects of CSE. In contrast to non-phlogistic phagocytosis, degranulation of secondary granules, as monitored by lactoferrin release, was apparent on CSE exposure, which is likely to promote pulmonary inflammation and tissue degradation. Furthermore, CSE-exposed neutrophils exhibited a compromised ability to ingest the respiratory pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, which likely contributes to bacterial persistence in the lungs of smokers and is likely to promote further pulmonary recruitment of neutrophils. These data provide mechanistic insight into the lack of accumulation of apoptotic neutrophil populations in the lungs of smokers and their increased susceptibility to degradative pulmonary diseases and bacterial infections.
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Bountra C, Oppermann U, Heightman TD. Animal models of epigenetic regulation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2011; 7:281-322. [PMID: 21225415 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2010_104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics describes the phenomenon of heritable changes in gene regulation that are governed by non-Mendelian processes, primarily through biochemical modifications to chromatin structure that occur during cell development and differentiation. Numerous lines of evidence link abnormal levels of chromatin modifications (either to DNA, histones, or both) in patients with a wide variety of diseases including cancer, psychiatry, neurodegeneration, metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Drugs that target the proteins controlling chromatin modifications can modulate the expression of clusters of genes, potentially offering higher therapeutic efficacy than classical agents with single target pharmacologies that are susceptible to biochemical pathway degeneracy. Here, we summarize recent research linking epigenetic dysregulation with diseases in neurosciences, the application of relevant animal models, and the potential for small molecule modulator development to facilitate target discovery, validation and translation into clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chas Bountra
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK,
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