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Membrane curvature and PS localize coagulation proteins to filopodia and retraction fibers of endothelial cells. Blood Adv 2022; 7:60-72. [PMID: 35849711 PMCID: PMC9827038 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior reports indicate that the convex membrane curvature of phosphatidylserine (PS)-containing vesicles enhances formation of binding sites for factor Va and lactadherin. Yet, the relationship of convex curvature to localization of these proteins on cells remains unknown. We developed a membrane topology model, using phospholipid bilayers supported by nano-etched silica substrates, to further explore the relationship between curvature and localization of coagulation proteins. Ridge convexity corresponded to maximal curvature of physiologic membranes (radii of 10 or 30 nm) and the troughs had a variable concave curvature. The benchmark PS probe lactadherin exhibited strong differential binding to the ridges, on membranes with 4% to 15% PS. Factor Va, with a PS-binding motif homologous to lactadherin, also bound selectively to the ridges. Bound factor Va supported coincident binding of factor Xa, localizing prothrombinase complexes to the ridges. Endothelial cells responded to prothrombotic stressors and stimuli (staurosporine, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF- α]) by retracting cell margins and forming filaments and filopodia. These had a high positive curvature similar to supported membrane ridges and selectively bound lactadherin. Likewise, the retraction filaments and filopodia bound factor Va and supported assembly of prothrombinase, whereas the cell body did not. The perfusion of plasma over TNF-α-stimulated endothelia in culture dishes and engineered 3-dimensional microvessels led to fibrin deposition at cell margins, inhibited by lactadherin, without clotting of bulk plasma. Our results indicate that stressed or stimulated endothelial cells support prothrombinase activity localized to convex topological features at cell margins. These findings may relate to perivascular fibrin deposition in sepsis and inflammation.
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Behuria HG, Dash S, Sahu SK. Phospholipid Scramblases: Role in Cancer Progression and Anticancer Therapeutics. Front Genet 2022; 13:875894. [PMID: 35422844 PMCID: PMC9002267 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.875894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid scramblases (PLSCRs) that catalyze rapid mixing of plasma membrane lipids result in surface exposure of phosphatidyl serine (PS), a lipid normally residing to the inner plasma membrane leaflet. PS exposure provides a chemotactic eat-me signal for phagocytes resulting in non-inflammatory clearance of apoptotic cells by efferocytosis. However, metastatic tumor cells escape efferocytosis through alteration of tumor microenvironment and apoptotic signaling. Tumor cells exhibit altered membrane features, high constitutive PS exposure, low drug permeability and increased multidrug resistance through clonal evolution. PLSCRs are transcriptionally up-regulated in tumor cells leading to plasma membrane remodeling and aberrant PS exposure on cell surface. In addition, PLSCRs interact with multiple cellular components to modulate cancer progression and survival. While PLSCRs and PS exposed on tumor cells are novel drug targets, many exogenous molecules that catalyze lipid scrambling on tumor plasma membrane are potent anticancer therapeutic molecules. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of scramblase mediated signaling events, membrane alteration specific to tumor development and possible therapeutic implications of scramblases and PS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Gourav Behuria
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanjadeo University, Baripada, India
| | - Sabyasachi Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Santosh Kumar Sahu
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanjadeo University, Baripada, India
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Smalley H, Rowe JM, Nieto F, Zeledon J, Pollard K, Tomich JM, Fleming SD. Beta2 glycoprotein I-derived therapeutic peptides induce sFlt-1 secretion to reduce melanoma vascularity and growth. Cancer Lett 2020; 495:66-75. [PMID: 32891714 PMCID: PMC7899169 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma, a form of skin cancer, is one of the most common cancers in young men and women. Tumors require angiogenesis to provide oxygen and nutrients for growth. Pro-angiogenic molecules such as VEGF and anti-angiogenic molecules such as sFlt-1 control angiogenesis. In addition, the serum protein, Beta2 Glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) induces or inhibits angiogenesis depending on conformation and concentration. β2-GPI binds to proteins and negatively charged phospholipids on hypoxic endothelial cells present in the tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that peptides derived from the binding domain of β2-GPI would regulate angiogenesis and melanoma growth. In vitro analyses determined the peptides reduced endothelial cell migration and sFlt-1 secretion. In a syngeneic, immunocompetent mouse melanoma model, β2-GPI-derived peptides also reduced melanoma growth in a dose-dependent response with increased sFlt-1 and attenuated vascular markers compared to negative controls. Importantly, administration of peptide with sFlt-1 antibody resulted in tumor growth. These data demonstrate the therapeutic potential of novel β2-GPI-derived peptides to attenuate tumor growth and endothelial migration is sFlt-1 dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Smalley
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Jennifer M Rowe
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Fernando Nieto
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Jazmin Zeledon
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kellyn Pollard
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - John M Tomich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Sherry D Fleming
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
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García-Martínez M, Vázquez-Flores L, Álvarez-Jiménez VD, Castañeda-Casimiro J, Ibáñez-Hernández M, Sánchez-Torres LE, Barrios-Payán J, Mata-Espinosa D, Estrada-Parra S, Chacón-Salinas R, Serafín-López J, Wong-Baeza I, Hernández-Pando R, Estrada-García I. Extracellular vesicles released by J774A.1 macrophages reduce the bacterial load in macrophages and in an experimental mouse model of tuberculosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6707-6719. [PMID: 31692512 PMCID: PMC6708438 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s203507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death by an infectious microorganism worldwide. Conventional treatment lasts at least six months and has adverse effects; therefore, it is important to find therapeutic alternatives that reduce the bacterial load and may reduce the treatment duration. The immune response against tuberculosis can be modulated by several mechanisms, including extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nano-sized membrane-bound structures that constitute an efficient communication mechanism among immune cells. Methods The EVs released by the J774A.1 mouse macrophage cell line, both spontaneously (S-EV) and after infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb-EV), were purified by ultra-centrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography. The size distribution and chemical composition of these EVs were evaluated, and their effect on the bacterial load and the production of cytokines was determined in both in vitro and in vivo models of M. tuberculosis infection. Results Mtb-EV are larger than S-EV, they contain M. tuberculosis-specific antigens (not detected in EVs released from M. fortuitum-infected J774A.1 cells) and are rich in phosphatidylserine, present in their outer membrane layer. S-EV, but not Mtb-EV, reduced the bacterial load and the production of MCP-1 and TNF-α in M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages, and these effects were reversed when phosphatidylserine was blocked with annexin V. Both S-EV and Mtb-EV significantly reduced the lung bacterial load in mice infected with M. tuberculosis after 60 days of treatment, but they had no effect on survival or on the lung pneumonic area of these mice. Conclusion J774A.1 macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv released EVs that differed in size and phosphatidylserine content from spontaneously released EVs, and these EVs also had different biological effects: S-EV reduced the mycobacterial load and the cytokine production in vitro (through a phosphatidylserine-dependent mechanism), while both EVs reduced the lung bacterial load in vivo. These results are the basis for further experiments to evaluate whether EVs improve the efficiency of the conventional treatment for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano García-Martínez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Vázquez-Flores
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Violeta D Álvarez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Bioseguridad Nivel 3, Centro Médico Naval (CEMENAV), Secretaría de Marina Armada de México (Semar), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jessica Castañeda-Casimiro
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ibáñez-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luvia Enid Sánchez-Torres
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payán
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Estrada-Parra
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rommel Chacón-Salinas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jeanet Serafín-López
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Wong-Baeza
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iris Estrada-García
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Attenuation of endothelial phosphatidylserine exposure decreases ischemia-reperfusion induced changes in microvascular permeability. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019. [PMID: 29538229 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translocation of phosphatidylserine from the inner leaflet to the outer leaflet of the endothelial membrane via phospholipid scramblase-1 (PLSCR1) is an apoptotic signal responsible for the loss of endothelial barrier integrity after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). We hypothesized that inhibiting phosphatidylserine expression on endothelial cells would attenuate IRI induced increases in hydraulic permeability (Lp). METHODS Mesenteric Lp was measured in rat post-capillary mesenteric venules subjected to IRI via superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion (45 minutes) and release (300 minutes) in conjunction with several inhibitors of phosphatidylserine exposure as follows: (1) inhibition of PLSCR1 translocation (dithioerythritol, n = 3), (2) inhibition of PLSCR1 membrane trafficking (2-bromopalmitate [2-BP], n = 3), and (3) inhibition of ion exchange necessary for PLSCR1 function (4,4'-Diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid [DIDS], n = 3). Under the same IRI conditions, rats were also administered targeted inhibitors of phosphatidylserine exposure including knockdown of PLSCR1 (n = 3) using RNA interference (RNAi), and as a potential therapeutic tool Diannexin, a selective phosphatidylserine blocker (n = 3). RESULTS During IRI net Lp increased by 80% (p < 0.01). Net reductions of Lp were accomplished by 2-BP (46% reduction, p = 0.005), combined DET + 2-BP + DIDS (32% reduction, p = 0.04), RNAi (55% reduction, p = 0.002), Diannexin administered pre-SMA artery occlusion (73% reduction, p = 0.001), and post-SMA occlusion (70% reduction, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Phosphatidylserine exposure is a key event in the pathogenesis of microvascular dysfunction during IRI. Clinically, inhibition of phosphatidylserine exposure is a promising strategy that may 1 day be used to mitigate the effects of IRI.
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Mayer RL, Schwarzmeier JD, Gerner MC, Bileck A, Mader JC, Meier-Menches SM, Gerner SM, Schmetterer KG, Pukrop T, Reichle A, Slany A, Gerner C. Proteomics and metabolomics identify molecular mechanisms of aging potentially predisposing for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 17:290-303. [PMID: 29196338 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), the most common type of leukemia in adults, is still essentially incurable despite the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This reflects the incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease. A comprehensive proteome analysis of primary human B-CLL cells and B cells from younger as well as elderly healthy donors was performed. For comparison, the chronic B cell leukemia cell line JVM-13 was also included. A principal component analysis comprising 6,945 proteins separated these four groups, placing B cells of aged-matched controls between those of young donors and B-CLL patients, while identifying JVM-13 as poorly related cells. Mass spectrometric proteomics data have been made fully accessible via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006570-PXD006572, PXD006576, PXD006578, and PXD006589-PXD006591. Remarkably, B cells from aged controls displayed significant regulation of proteins related to stress management in mitochondria and ROS stress such as DLAT, FIS1, and NDUFAB1, and DNA repair, including RAD9A, MGMT, and XPA. ROS levels were indeed found significantly increased in B cells but not in T cells or monocytes from aged individuals. These alterations may be relevant for tumorigenesis and were observed similarly in B-CLL cells. In B-CLL cells, some remarkable unique features like the loss of tumor suppressor molecules PNN and JARID2, the stress-related serotonin transporter SLC6A4, and high expression of ZNF207, CCDC88A, PIGR and ID3, otherwise associated with stem cell phenotype, were determined. Alterations of metabolic enzymes were another outstanding feature in comparison to normal B cells, indicating increased beta-oxidation of fatty acids and increased consumption of glutamine. Targeted metabolomics assays corroborated these results. The present findings identify a potential proteome signature for immune senescence in addition to previously unrecognized features of B-CLL cells and suggest that aging may be accompanied by cellular reprogramming functionally relevant for predisposing B cells to transform to B-CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert L Mayer
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Josef D Schwarzmeier
- §Karl Landsteiner Institute for Bioanalytical Oncology, Karl Landsteiner Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene C Gerner
- ¶Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Johanna C Mader
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry
| | | | - Samuel M Gerner
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry
| | | | - Tobias Pukrop
- ‖Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology & Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Reichle
- ‖Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology & Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Slany
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Christopher Gerner
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, .,**Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Bai A. β2-glycoprotein I and its antibodies involve in the pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Immunol Lett 2017; 186:15-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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