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Seo S, Song Y, Gu SM, Min HK, Hong JT, Cha HJ, Yun J. D-limonene Inhibits Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure via Adenosine A2A Receptor Modulation on GABAergic Neuronal Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239277. [PMID: 33291789 PMCID: PMC7730947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by the recurrence of seizures. One-third of patients with epilepsy may not respond to antiseizure drugs. Purpose: We aimed to examine whether D-limonene, a cyclic monoterpene, exhibited any antiseizure activity in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling mouse model and in vitro. Methods: PTZ kindling mouse model was established by administering PTZ (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to mice once every 48 h. We performed immunoblot blots, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis after the behavioral study. Results: An acute injection of PTZ (60 mg/kg) induced seizure in mice, while pretreatment with D-limonene inhibited PTZ-induced seizure. Repeated administration of PTZ (30 mg/kg) increased the seizure score gradually in mice, which was reduced in D-limonene (10 mg/kg)-pretreated group. In addition, D-limonene treatment increased glutamate decarboxylase-67 (GAD-67) expression in the hippocampus. Axonal sprouting of hippocampal neurons after kindling was inhibited by D-limonene pretreatment. Moreover, D-limonene reduced the expression levels of Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 4 (Npas4)-induced by PTZ. Furthermore, the adenosine A2A antagonist SCH58261 and ZM241385 inhibited anticonvulsant activity and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission-induced by D-limonene. Conclusion: These results suggest that D-limonene exhibits anticonvulsant activity through modulation of adenosine A2A receptors on GABAergic neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowoon Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea; (S.S.); (Y.S.); (S.M.G.); (H.K.M.); (J.T.H.)
| | - Yunjeong Song
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea; (S.S.); (Y.S.); (S.M.G.); (H.K.M.); (J.T.H.)
| | - Sun Mi Gu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea; (S.S.); (Y.S.); (S.M.G.); (H.K.M.); (J.T.H.)
| | - Hyun Kyu Min
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea; (S.S.); (Y.S.); (S.M.G.); (H.K.M.); (J.T.H.)
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea; (S.S.); (Y.S.); (S.M.G.); (H.K.M.); (J.T.H.)
| | - Hye Jin Cha
- Narcotics Policy Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.J.C.); (J.Y.); Tel.: +82-43-719-5204 (H.J.C.); +82-43-261-2827 (J.Y.)
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea; (S.S.); (Y.S.); (S.M.G.); (H.K.M.); (J.T.H.)
- Correspondence: (H.J.C.); (J.Y.); Tel.: +82-43-719-5204 (H.J.C.); +82-43-261-2827 (J.Y.)
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Jeffrey MP, Strap JL, Jones Taggart H, Green-Johnson JM. Suppression of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Chemokine Production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus helveticus R0389 Is Mediated by Secreted Bioactive Molecules. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2639. [PMID: 30524427 PMCID: PMC6262363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Host intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) present at the gastrointestinal interface are exposed to pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and their products. Certain probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been associated with a range of host-immune modulatory activities including down-regulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production by IEC, with growing evidence suggesting that these bacteria secrete bioactive molecules with immunomodulatory activity. The aim of this study was to determine whether two lactobacilli with immunomodulatory activity [Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 (Lr) and Lactobacillus helveticus R0389 (Lh)], produce soluble mediators able to influence IEC responses to Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) ligands and pro-inflammatory cytokines [Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β)], signals inducing IEC chemokine production during infection. To this end, the effects of cell-free supernatants (CFS) from Lr and Lh on IEC production of the pro-inflammatory chemokines interleukin (IL)-8 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (CINC-1) induced by a range of host- or pathogen-derived pro-inflammatory stimuli were determined, and the impact on human HT-29 IEC and a primary IEC line (rat IEC-6) was compared. The Lr-CFS and Lh-CFS did not significantly modulate basal IL-8 production from HT-29 IECs or CINC-1 production from IEC-6 cells. However, both Lr-CFS and Lh-CFS significantly down-regulated IL-8 production from HT-29 IECs challenged with varied PRR ligands. Lr-CFS and Lh-CFS had differential effects on PRR-induced CINC-1 production by rat IEC-6 IECs, with no significant down-regulation of CINC-1 observed from IEC-6 IECs cultured with Lh-CFS. Further analysis of the Lr-CFS revealed down-regulation of IL-8 production induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα Preliminary characterization of the bioactive constituent(s) of the Lr-CFS indicates that it is resistant to treatment with DNase, RNase, and an acidic protease, but is sensitive to alterations in pH. Taken together, these results indicate that these lactobacilli secrete bioactive molecules of low molecular weight that may modulate host innate immune activity through interactions with IEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Jeffrey
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Janice L Strap
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Holly Jones Taggart
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julia M Green-Johnson
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
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Chiu FL, Lin JT, Chuang CY, Chien T, Chen CM, Chen KH, Hsiao HY, Lin YS, Chern Y, Kuo HC. Elucidating the role of the A 2Aadenosine receptor in neurodegeneration using neurons derived from Huntington's disease iPSCs. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6066-6079. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Himer L, Csóka B, Selmeczy Z, Koscsó B, Pócza T, Pacher P, Németh ZH, Deitch EA, Vizi ES, Cronstein BN, Haskó G. Adenosine A2A receptor activation protects CD4+ T lymphocytes against activation-induced cell death. FASEB J 2010; 24:2631-40. [PMID: 20371613 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-155192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Activation-induced cell death (AICD) is initiated by T-cell receptor (TCR) restimulation of already activated and expanded peripheral T cells and is mediated through Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) interactions. Adenosine is a purine nucleoside signaling molecule, and its immunomodulatory effects are mediated by 4 G-protein-coupled receptors: A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3). In this study, we investigated the role of A(2A) receptors in regulating CD4(+) T lymphocyte AICD. Our results showed that the selective A(2A) receptor agonist CGS21680 (EC(50)=15.2-32.6 nM) rescued mouse CD4(+) hybridomas and human Jurkat cells from AICD and that this effect was reversed by the selective A(2A) receptor antagonist ZM241385 (EC(50)=2.3 nM). CGS21680 decreased phosphatidylserine exposure on the membrane, as well as the cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-8 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase indicating that A(2A) receptor stimulation blocks the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. In addition, CGS21680 attenuated both Fas and FasL mRNA expression. This decrease in FasL expression was associated with decreased activation of the transcription factor systems NF-kappaB, NF-ATp, early growth response (Egr)-1, and Egr-3. The antiapoptotic effect of A(2A) receptor stimulation was mediated by protein kinase A. Together, these results demonstrate that A(2A) receptor activation suppresses the AICD of peripheral T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonóra Himer
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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