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Zhang M, Jiao P, Wang X, Sun Y, Liang G, Xie X, Zhang Y. Evaluation of Growth Performance, Nitrogen Balance and Blood Metabolites of Mutton Sheep Fed an Ammonia-Treated Aflatoxin B1-Contaminated Diet. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050361. [PMID: 35622607 PMCID: PMC9144722 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of an aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-contaminated diet treated with ammonia on the diet detoxification and growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and blood metabolites in sheep. Twenty-four female mutton sheep with an initial body weight of 50 ± 2.5 kg were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) control diet (C); (2) aflatoxin diet (T; control diet supplemented with 75 μg of AFB1/kg of dry matter); and (3) ammoniated diet (AT; ammoniated aflatoxin diet). The results showed decreases (p < 0.05) in average daily feed intake, nutrient digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract, and retained nitrogen, and an increase (p < 0.05) in urine nitrogen excretion in sheep fed diet T compared with those fed the other diets. In comparison to C and AT, feeding T decreased (p < 0.05) the concentrations of total protein, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidants and increased (p < 0.05) the concentrations of alanine amino transferase, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-6. In summary, ammonia treatment has the potential to decrease the concentration of AFB1 and alleviate the adverse effects of AFB1.
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Li X, Lv Z, Chen J, Nepovimova E, Long M, Wu W, Kuca K. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10 can alleviate liver apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by aflatoxin B1. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112124. [PMID: 33727180 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin often found in food and livestock feed. It can affect human and animal health and is especially damaging to the liver. This study aims to evaluate whether Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (hereafter referred to as B. amyloliquefaciens) B10 can alleviate the toxic effects of AFB1 and, if so, what mechanism is responsible for its action. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) Kunming mice (5-6 weeks old) were divided into four groups (Control, AFB1, B10 strain, and AFB1 + B10 strain) and conducted continuously via gavage for 28 days. Oxidation indices (MDA, T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT) were then measured using their liver tissues and liver coefficient were calculated. Apoptosis was determined using the TUNEL method. Gene expression was determined for Bax, Bcl-2, BIP, CHOP, JNK, Caspase-12, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3, and protein expression was detected for Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3. Our results showed that AFB1 induced the oxidative damage and apoptosis in the livers of mice. However, for mice given B. amyloliquefaciens B10, the biochemical indices, pathological changes, the expressions of genes and proteins related to oxidative stress and apoptosis were significantly reversed. The results indicate that B. amyloliquefaciens B10 antagonizes oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by AFB1 in the livers of mice. The results of this study are of significance for the future use of this strain to reduce the harm of AFB1 to human health and animal reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Zhiming Lv
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Mohajeri M, Behnam B, Cicero AFG, Sahebkar A. Protective effects of curcumin against aflatoxicosis: A comprehensive review. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3552-3577. [PMID: 29034472 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxicosis is a deleterious medical condition that results from aflatoxins (AFs) or ochratoxins (OTs). Contamination with these toxins exerts detrimental effects on the liver, kidneys, reproductive organs, and also on immunological and cardiovascular systems. Aflatoxicosis is closely associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as key contributors to oxidative and nitrosative stress responses, and subsequent damages to lipids, proteins, RNA, and DNA. The main target organ for AF toxicity is the liver, where DNA adducts, degranulation of endoplasmic reticulum, increased hepatic lipid peroxide, GSH depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduction of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants are manifestations of aflatoxicosis. Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) is a medicinal plant widely utilized all over the world for culinary and phytomedical purposes. Considering the antioxidant characteristic of curcumin, the main active component of turmeric, this review is intended to critically summarize the available evidence supporting possible effectiveness of curcumin against aflatoxicosis. Curcumin can serve as a promising candidate for attenuation of the adverse consequences of aflatoxicosis, acting mainly through intrinsic antioxidant effects aroused from its structure, modulation of the immune system as reflected by interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β, and interfering with AF's biotransformation by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP1A, CYP3A, CYP2A, CYP2B, and CYP2C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behzad Behnam
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Nurul Adilah Z, Mohd Redzwan S. Effect of dietary macronutrients on aflatoxicosis: a mini-review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2277-2281. [PMID: 28111762 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin is a toxin produced by Aspergillus species of fungi. The main route of aflatoxin exposure is through the diet. Indeed, long-term aflatoxin exposure is linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aflatoxin causes aflatoxicosis, which can be affected by several factors and is prevalent in many developing Asian and African countries. This mini-review discusses the effects of carbohydrate, fat and protein on aflatoxicosis based on findings from animal and human studies. It was found that high carbohydrate intake enhanced aflatoxicosis occurrence, while low ingestion of carbohydrate with caloric restriction slowed the symptoms associated with aflatoxicosis. Additionally, diets with low protein content worsened the symptoms related to HCC due to aflatoxin exposure. Nevertheless, a study reported that a high-protein diet favored detoxification of aflatoxin in vivo. There were also conflicting results on the influence of dietary fat, as high ingestion of fat enhanced aflatoxicosis development as compared with a low-fat diet. Moreover, the type of fat also plays a significant role in influencing aflatoxin toxicity. In regard to food safety, understanding the influence of macronutrients toward the progression of aflatoxicosis can improve preventive measures against human and animal exposure to aflatoxin. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainuddin Nurul Adilah
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sabran Mohd Redzwan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Mitchell NJ, Kumi J, Aleser M, Elmore SE, Rychlik KA, Zychowski KE, Romoser AA, Phillips TD, Ankrah NA. Short-term safety and efficacy of calcium montmorillonite clay (UPSN) in children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91:777-85. [PMID: 25135766 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, an association between childhood growth stunting and aflatoxin (AF) exposure has been identified. In Ghana, homemade nutritional supplements often consist of AF-prone commodities. In this study, children were enrolled in a clinical intervention trial to determine the safety and efficacy of Uniform Particle Size NovaSil (UPSN), a refined calcium montmorillonite known to be safe in adults. Participants ingested 0.75 or 1.5 g UPSN or 1.5 g calcium carbonate placebo per day for 14 days. Hematological and serum biochemistry parameters in the UPSN groups were not significantly different from the placebo-controlled group. Importantly, there were no adverse events attributable to UPSN treatment. A significant reduction in urinary metabolite (AFM1) was observed in the high-dose group compared with placebo. Results indicate that UPSN is safe for children at doses up to 1.5 g/day for a period of 2 weeks and can reduce exposure to AFs, resulting in increased quality and efficacy of contaminated foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Mitchell
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ejura-Sekyedumase District Hospital, Ejura, Ghana
| | - Justice Kumi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ejura-Sekyedumase District Hospital, Ejura, Ghana
| | - Mildred Aleser
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ejura-Sekyedumase District Hospital, Ejura, Ghana
| | - Sarah E Elmore
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ejura-Sekyedumase District Hospital, Ejura, Ghana
| | - Kristal A Rychlik
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ejura-Sekyedumase District Hospital, Ejura, Ghana
| | - Katherine E Zychowski
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ejura-Sekyedumase District Hospital, Ejura, Ghana
| | - Amelia A Romoser
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ejura-Sekyedumase District Hospital, Ejura, Ghana
| | - Timothy D Phillips
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ejura-Sekyedumase District Hospital, Ejura, Ghana
| | - Nii-Ayi Ankrah
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ejura-Sekyedumase District Hospital, Ejura, Ghana
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Jha A, Krithika R, Manjeet D, Verma RJ. Protective effect of black tea infusion on aflatoxin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2013; 3:29-36. [PMID: 25755469 PMCID: PMC3940247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and are potent inducers of hepatotoxicity. OBJECTIVE The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of black tea infusion on aflatoxin-induced hepatotoxicity in male mice. METHODS A 2% black tea infusion in drinking water was prepared and orally administered along with aflatoxin (750 and 1500 μg/kg body weight) for 30 days. Morphological investigation, body weight and organ weight calculations and histopathological analysis were carried out. Serum hepatic marker enzymes namely alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were estimated. RESULTS The results clearly indicated that aflatoxin treatment for 30 days caused significant dose-dependent reduction in body weight and increase in liver weight. The activities of ALT and AST were found to be elevated while protein content was found to be decreased in aflatoxin-treated mice as compared to vehicle control. Histopathological analysis showed hepatocellular necrosis and cytoplasmic vacuolization along with fatty infiltration in toxin-treated animals. Results revealed significant (p < 0.05) restoration of aflatoxin-induced damages in body weight, organ weight, serum chemistry and histopathological features in aflatoxin plus black tea infusion administered mice in a dose dependant manner. CONCLUSION It is concluded from the present study that supplementation of black tea infusion can be beneficial in positively modulating aflatoxin-induced alterations in liver.
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Key Words
- AFB1, aflatoxins B1
- ALT
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ANOVA, Analysis of Variance
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- HD, high dose
- IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer
- LD, low dose
- MFO, mixed function oxidase
- TLC, thin-layer chromatography
- WHO-ART, World Health Organization for Adverse Reaction Terminology
- aflatoxin
- black tea
- histopathology
- liver
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Jha
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Pious X PG College for Women, Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, India
| | - Rajesh Krithika
- Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Dave Manjeet
- Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Ramtej J. Verma
- Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India,Address for correspondence: Ramtej J. Verma, Prof., Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India. Tel.: +91 79 2630 2362; fax: +91 79 26308545.
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Abstract
Aflatoxins, fungal toxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus in a variety of food crops, are well known as potent human hepatocarcinogens. Relatively less highlighted in the literature is the association between aflatoxin and growth impairment in children. Foodborne aflatoxin exposure, especially through maize and groundnuts, is common in much of Africa and Asia--areas where childhood stunting and underweight are also common, due to a variety of possibly interacting factors such as enteric diseases, socioeconomic status, and suboptimal nutrition. The effects of aflatoxin on growth impairment in animals and human children are reviewed, including studies that assess aflatoxin exposure in utero and through breastfeeding. Childhood weaning diets in various regions of the world are briefly discussed. This review suggests that aflatoxin exposure and its association with growth impairment in children could contribute a significant public health burden in less developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornsri Khlangwiset
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA
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