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Singh RP, Bischoff DS, Hahn BH. CD8 + T regulatory cells in lupus. RHEUMATOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 2:147-156. [PMID: 35880241 PMCID: PMC9242525 DOI: 10.2478/rir-2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
T regulatory cells (Tregs) have a key role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and the regulation of immune tolerance by preventing the inflammation and suppressing the autoimmune responses. Numerical and functional deficits of these cells have been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and mouse models of SLE, where their imbalance and dysregulated activities have been reported to significantly influence the disease pathogenesis, progression and outcomes. Most studies in SLE have focused on CD4+ Tregs and it has become clear that a critical role in the control of immune tolerance after the breakdown of self-tolerance is provided by CD8+ Tregs. Here we review the role, cellular and molecular phenotypes, and mechanisms of action of CD8+ Tregs in SLE, including ways to induce these cells for immunotherapeutic modulation in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram P. Singh
- Research Service, Veteran Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- E-mail:
| | - David S. Bischoff
- Research Service, Veteran Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bevra H. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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B cell depletion in murine lupus using cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo: Feasibility and benefit. Cell Immunol 2020; 353:104117. [PMID: 32408197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Given the promising results in human lupus with B cell depletion, we tested whether in vivo cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) could eliminate autoreactive B cells in the setting of murine lupus. Using the parent-into-F1 (P → F1) model to generate CTL that eliminate B cells, we found that transfer ofNZB parental splenocytes into lupus-prone female NZB/W F1 mice resulted in profound B cell reduction whereas NZW → F1 mice exhibited defective B cell elimination. Using pre-disease or early disease B/W mice as hosts, NZB → F1 mice exhibited B cell depletion and improved proteinuria but no improvement in survival whereas NZW → F1 mice had significantly reduced proteinuria and prolonged survival. Thus, despite the defective IL-2 environment in B/W F1 mice, generation of CTL and B cell depletion is feasible in NZB → F1 mice. The surprising increase in survival for NZW → F1 mice despite defective B cell elimination suggests that NZW splenocytes may contain a beneficial down regulatory cell.
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Keil A, Hall SR, Körner M, Herrmann M, Schmid RA, Frese S. Suppression of lupus nephritis and skin lesions in MRL/lpr mice by administration of the topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:243. [PMID: 27770825 PMCID: PMC5075215 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the precise mechanism for the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unknown, no targeted therapies in addition to immunosuppression are available so far. We recently demonstrated that administration of the topoisomerase I (topo I) inhibitor irinotecan at extremely low concentrations reversed established lupus nephritis in NZB/NZW mice. While profound immunosuppression was absent, we proposed changes in DNA relaxation and anti-double-stranded (ds)DNA antibody binding as the underlying mechanism. To exclude that these effects were restricted to NZB/NZW mice, irinotecan was used in a genetically different strain of lupus-prone mice. METHODS MRL/lpr mice were treated with high- and low-dose irinotecan beginning at 8 weeks of age. Treatment was repeated every fourth week. In vitro, DNA was relaxed by recombinant topo I, and altered anti-dsDNA antibody binding was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Administration of both high- and low-dose irinotecan prevented proteinuria and prolonged survival in MRL/lpr mice. Moreover, both concentrations of irinotecan significantly improved histopathology of the skin at 18 weeks of age. While only high-dose irinotecan diminished the numbers of plasmablasts and double-negative T cells, no changes in IgG-secreting cells or anti-dsDNA IgG were observed. In vitro, relaxation of DNA by topo I increased the binding of anti-dsDNA IgG but not the binding of anti-dsDNA IgM derived from the plasma of MRL/lpr mice. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of topo I inhibition in a second, genetically different strain of lupus-prone mice strongly implicate irinotecan as a new therapeutic option for human SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Keil
- Department of Clinical Research and Division of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, PO Box 44, , CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sean R Hall
- Department of Clinical Research and Division of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, PO Box 44, , CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Meike Körner
- Institute of Pathology, Länggasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralph A Schmid
- Department of Clinical Research and Division of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, PO Box 44, , CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Frese
- Department of Clinical Research and Division of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, PO Box 44, , CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Miguel MAL, Menna-Barreto L. Immunomodulation by classical conditioning in NZB/W (F1) mice: Lifespan and diurnal variation. Sleep Sci 2016; 9:40-6. [PMID: 27226820 PMCID: PMC4867937 DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Eritematosus (SLE) is a systemic inflammatory disease often treated with the agent cyclophosphamide (CY), known by provoking important adverse reactions to the organism. Ader and Cohen have demonstrated an alternative way of administrating this agent based on pavlovian conditioning, in order to reduce the aggression caused by CY. Considering the influence of the temporal organization on learning and memory processes, the purpose of this study was to understand the temporal aspects involved in the conditioned immunomodulation. In a search for circadian modulation, we selected NZB/W (F1) female mice, a strain that spontaneously develop SLE. Divided into two major groups, the animals were submitted, in different phases of day, to a classical conditioning immunomodulation protocol, consisting in weekly parings of saccharin solution and CY injections. The success of the paradigm was evaluated by comparing lifespan among the groups. Simultaneously, it was monitored the water intake behavior, in order to correlate the stability of two rhythmic parameters, amplitude and spectral power density of the 24-h rhythm, with the progression of SLE. Our results indicate that mice could benefit from the conditioning task performed either in the light phase or in the dark phase of the LD cycle, as expressed by an increased lifespan. Concerning the rhythmic parameters, there was evidence of association between the rhythmic stability and the evolution of SLE, demonstrated by the maintenance of healthy levels of amplitude and spectral potency of the 24-h rhythm in animals exposed to the conditioning paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario André Leocadio Miguel
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Salgado Filho, S/N, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Luiz Menna-Barreto
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Arlindo Betio, 1000, 03828-000, Brazil
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Keil A, Frese-Schaper M, Steiner SK, Körner M, Schmid RA, Frese S. The Topoisomerase I Inhibitor Irinotecan and the Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 Inhibitor Furamidine Synergistically Suppress Murine Lupus Nephritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:1858-67. [PMID: 25779651 DOI: 10.1002/art.39119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The treatment of lupus nephritis is still an unmet medical need requiring new therapeutic approaches. Our group found recently that irinotecan, an inhibitor of topoisomerase I (topo I), reversed proteinuria and prolonged survival in mice with advanced lupus nephritis. While irinotecan is known to stabilize the complex of topo I and DNA, the enzyme tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP-1) functions in an opposing manner by releasing topo I from DNA. Therefore, we undertook this study to test whether the TDP-1 inhibitor furamidine has an additional effect on lupus nephritis when used in combination with irinotecan. METHODS NZB/NZW mice were treated with low-dose irinotecan and furamidine either alone or in combination beginning at age 26 weeks. DNA relaxation was visualized using gel electrophoresis. Binding of anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies to DNA modified by topo I, TDP-1, and the topo I inhibitor camptothecin was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Compared to treatment with either agent alone, simultaneous treatment with low-dose irinotecan and furamidine significantly improved survival of NZB/NZW mice. Similar to what has been previously shown for irinotecan alone, the combination treatment did not change the levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies. In vitro, recombinant TDP-1 increased topo I-mediated DNA relaxation, resulting in enhanced binding of anti-dsDNA antibodies. In combination with topo I and camptothecin, TDP-1 reversed the inhibitory effects of camptothecin on DNA relaxation and anti-dsDNA binding. CONCLUSION Affecting DNA relaxation by the enzymes topo I and TDP-1 and their inhibitors may be a promising approach for the development of new targeted therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Frese-Schaper M, Keil A, Steiner SK, Gugger M, Körner M, Kocher GJ, Schiffer L, Anders HJ, Huynh-Do U, Schmid RA, Frese S. Low-Dose Irinotecan Improves Advanced Lupus Nephritis in Mice Potentially by Changing DNA Relaxation and Anti-Double-Stranded DNA Binding. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:2259-69. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mathias Gugger
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Meike Körner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | | | | | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV and University of Munich; Munich Germany
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Ripoll È, Merino A, Goma M, Aran JM, Bolaños N, de Ramon L, Herrero-Fresneda I, Bestard O, Cruzado JM, Grinyó JM, Torras J. CD40 gene silencing reduces the progression of experimental lupus nephritis modulating local milieu and systemic mechanisms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65068. [PMID: 23799000 PMCID: PMC3683035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is an autoimmune disorder in which co-stimulatory signals have been involved. Here we tested a cholesterol-conjugated-anti-CD40-siRNA in dendritic cells (DC) in vitro and in a model of LPS to check its potency and tissue distribution. Then, we report the effects of Chol-siRNA in an experimental model of mice with established lupus nephritis. Our in vitro studies in DC show a 100% intracellular delivery of Chol-siRNA, with a significant reduction in CD40 after LPS stimuli. In vivo in ICR mice, the CD40-mRNA suppressive effects of our Chol-siRNA on renal tissue were remarkably sustained over a 5 days after a single preliminary dose of Chol-siRNA. The intra-peritoneal administration of Chol-siRNA to NZB/WF1 mice resulted in a reduction of anti-DNA antibody titers, and histopathological renal scores as compared to untreated animals. The higher dose of Chol-siRNA prevented the progression of proteinuria as effectively as cyclophosphamide, whereas the lower dose was as effective as CTLA4. Chol-siRNA markedly reduced insterstitial CD3+ and plasma cell infiltrates as well as glomerular deposits of IgG and C3. Circulating soluble CD40 and activated splenic lymphocyte subsets were also strikingly reduced by Chol-siRNA. Our data show the potency of our compound for the therapeutic use of anti-CD40-siRNA in human LN and other autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Èlia Ripoll
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, IDIBELL.Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Merino
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, IDIBELL.Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Goma
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Aran
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Center, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Bolaños
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, IDIBELL.Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura de Ramon
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, IDIBELL.Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Immaculada Herrero-Fresneda
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, IDIBELL.Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Bestard
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, IDIBELL.Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Cruzado
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, IDIBELL.Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Grinyó
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, IDIBELL.Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Torras
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, IDIBELL.Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
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Sawla P, Hossain A, Hahn BH, Singh RP. Regulatory T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); role of peptide tolerance. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 11:611-4. [PMID: 22001419 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells play an important role in the maintenance and regulation of immune tolerance and in the prevention of autoimmunity. Recent studies have demonstrated a deficiency in number and function of regulatory T cells in lupus and other autoimmune diseases. This may contribute to immune dysregulations and a defect in self-tolerance mechanisms. How to balance and "reset" the immune response from harmful pro-inflammatory to beneficial anti-inflammatory is the current strategy of the research. In this regard, several studies have been performed with various peptides, drugs, steroids and epigenetic agents to induce or modify regulatory cells and some measure of success has been achieved in the animal model of SLE and with lupus patient cells. Challenges ahead include the heterogeneous nature, phenotype and function of regulatory cells and the difficulties in manipulation of regulatory function in healthy versus diseased states. In this review, we will provide some recent findings indicating challenges and potential benefits of targeting of regulatory T cells in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sawla
- Division of Rheumatology, Dept. of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095-1670, USA
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Singh RP, Dinesh R, Elashoff D, de Vos S, Rooney RJ, Patel D, La Cava A, Hahn BH. Distinct gene signature revealed in white blood cells, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in (NZBx NZW) F1 lupus mice after tolerization with anti-DNA Ig peptide. Genes Immun 2010; 11:294-309. [PMID: 20200542 PMCID: PMC10725082 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2010.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tolerizing mice polygenically predisposed to lupus-like disease (NZB/NZW F1 females) with a peptide mimicking anti-DNA IgG sequences containing MHC class I and class II T cell determinants (pConsensus, pCons) results in protection from full-blown disease attributable in part to the induction of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3+ and CD8(+)Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. We compared 45 000 murine genes in total white blood cells (WBC), CD4(+) T cells, and CD8(+) T cells from splenocytes of (NZBxNZW) F1 lupus-prone mice tolerized with pCons vs untreated naïve mice and found two-fold or greater differential expression for 448 WBC, 174 CD4, and 60 CD8 genes. We identified differentially expressed genes that played roles in the immune response and apoptosis. Using real-time PCR, we validated differential expression of selected genes (IFI202B, Bcl2, Foxp3, Trp-53, CCR7 and IFNar1) in the CD8(+)T cell microarray and determined expression of selected highly upregulated genes in different immune cell subsets. We also determined Smads expression in different immune cell subsets, including CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells, to detect the effects of TGF-beta, known to be the major cytokine that accounts for the suppressive capacity of CD8(+) Treg in this system. Silencing of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2 or interferon genes (IFI202b and IFNar1 in combination) in CD8(+) T cells from tolerized mice did not affect the expression of the other selected genes. However, silencing of Foxp3 reduced expression of Foxp3, Ifi202b and PD1-all of which are involved in the suppressive capacity of CD8(+) Treg in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Singh
- Division of Rheumatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Frese-Schaper M, Zbaeren J, Gugger M, Monestier M, Frese S. Reversal of Established Lupus Nephritis and Prolonged Survival of New Zealand Black × New Zealand White Mice Treated with the Topoisomerase I Inhibitor Irinotecan. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:2175-82. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Jacob A, Hack B, Chiang E, Garcia JGN, Quigg RJ, Alexander JJ. C5a alters blood-brain barrier integrity in experimental lupus. FASEB J 2010; 24:1682-8. [PMID: 20065106 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-138834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a crucial anatomic location in the brain. Its dysfunction complicates many neurodegenerative diseases, from acute conditions, such as sepsis, to chronic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Several studies suggest an altered BBB in lupus, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In the current study, we observed a definite loss of BBB integrity in MRL/MpJ-Tnfrsf6(lpr) (MRL/lpr) lupus mice by IgG infiltration into brain parenchyma. In line with this result, we examined the role of complement activation, a key event in this setting, in maintenance of BBB integrity. Complement activation generates C5a, a molecule with multiple functions. Because the expression of the C5a receptor (C5aR) is significantly increased in brain endothelial cells treated with lupus serum, the study focused on the role of C5a signaling through its G-protein-coupled receptor C5aR in brain endothelial cells, in a lupus setting. Reactive oxygen species production increased significantly in endothelial cells, in both primary cells and the bEnd3 cell line treated with lupus serum from MRL/lpr mice, compared with those treated with control serum from MRL(+/+) mice. In addition, increased permeability monitored by changes in transendothelial electrical resistance, cytoskeletal remodeling caused by actin fiber rearrangement, and increased iNOS mRNA expression were observed in bEnd3 cells. These disruptive effects were alleviated by pretreating cells with a C5a receptor antagonist (C5aRant) or a C5a antibody. Furthermore, the structural integrity of the vasculature in MRL/lpr brain was maintained by C5aR inhibition. These results demonstrate the regulation of BBB integrity by the complement system in a neuroinflammatory setting. For the first time, a novel role of C5a in the maintenance of BBB integrity is identified and the potential of C5a/C5aR blockade highlighted as a promising therapeutic strategy in SLE and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Singh RP, La Cava A, Hahn BH. pConsensus peptide induces tolerogenic CD8+ T cells in lupus-prone (NZB x NZW)F1 mice by differentially regulating Foxp3 and PD1 molecules. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:2069-80. [PMID: 18250412 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.4.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease caused primarily by autoantibodies (including IgG anti-DNA) and immune complexes that cause tissue damage. After tolerization with an artificial peptide (pConsensus, pCons) based on murine anti-DNA IgG sequences containing MHC class I and class II T cell determinants, lupus-prone (NZB x NZW)F(1) female (BWF(1)) mice develop regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells and inhibitory CD8+ T cells, both of which suppress anti-DNA Ig production and immune glomerulonephritis. In the present work, we show that splenocytes from BWF(1) mice treated with pCons had significant expansion of primarily CD8+ T cells. CD4+ T cells and B cells were each directly suppressed by CD8+ T cells from tolerized mice in a contact-independent manner. Both pCons-induced CD8+CD28+ and CD8+CD28- T cells suppressed production of anti-DNA in vitro. Silencing with small interfering RNA of Foxp3 abrogated the suppression mediated by both CD8+ T cell subsets. Additionally, CD8+ T cells from tolerized mice were weakly cytotoxic against syngeneic B cells from old anti-DNA-producing mice, but not from young mice. Importantly, pCons treatment had dual effects on CD8+ suppressor T cells from tolerized mice, increasing the intracellular expression of Foxp3 while decreasing the surface expression of PD1 molecules. Blocking PD1/PDL1 interactions in the CD8+ T cells from tolerized mice reduced their expression of Foxp3 and their ability to suppress CD4+CD25- proliferation. In contrast, blocking PD1/PDL1 in naive T cells increased Foxp3 expression. Our data suggest that tolerization with pCons activates different subsets of inhibitory/cytotoxic CD8+ T cells whose targets are both CD4+CD25- effector T cells and B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Pyare Singh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 1000 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Alexander JJ, Zwingmann C, Jacob A, Quigg R. Alteration in kidney glucose and amino acids are implicated in renal pathology in MRL/lpr mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2007; 1772:1143-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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