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Smeriglio N, Li H, Mazli WNAB, Bendel K, Hao L. Contaminant Spot Check and Removal Assay (ContamSPOT) for Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2574-2581. [PMID: 38291764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is often challenged by contaminations from detergents, salts, and polymers that compromise data quality and can damage the chromatography and MS instruments. However, researchers often discover contamination issues only after they acquire the data. There is no existing contaminant assay that is sensitive enough to detect trace amounts of contaminants from a few microliters of samples prior to MS analysis. To address this crucial need in the field, we developed a sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective contaminant spot check and removal assay (ContamSPOT) to detect and quantify trace amounts of contaminants, such as detergents, salts, and other chemicals commonly used in the MS sample preparation workflow. Only 1 μL of the sample was used prior to MS injection to quantify contaminants by ContamSPOT colorimetric or fluorometric assay on a thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate. We also optimized contaminant removal methods to salvage samples with minimal loss when ContamSPOT showed a positive result. ContamSPOT was then successfully applied to evaluate commonly used bottom-up proteomic methods regarding the effectiveness of removing detergent, peptide recovery, reproducibility, and proteome coverage. We expect ContamSPOT to be widely adopted by MS laboratories as a last-step quality checkpoint prior to MS injection. We provided a practical decision tree and a step-by-step protocol with a troubleshooting guide to facilitate the use of ContamSPOT by other researchers. ContamSPOT can also provide a unique readout of sample cleanliness for developing new MS-based sample preparation methods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Smeriglio
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 4000, 800 22nd St., NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Haorong Li
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 4000, 800 22nd St., NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Wan Nur Atiqah Binti Mazli
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 4000, 800 22nd St., NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Katharine Bendel
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 4000, 800 22nd St., NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Ling Hao
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 4000, 800 22nd St., NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 4000, 800 22nd St., NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
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Structural Analyses of the Glycolipids in Lipid Rafts. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2613:145-152. [PMID: 36587077 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are usually isolated from cells or tissues using sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation in the presence of detergents such as Triton X-100 at 4 °C. Although detergents should be removed for further structural characterization following fractionation, these compounds are often difficult to completely remove, especially from the glycolipids. In this chapter, we describe a novel method for the fast and convenient removal of detergents from lipid raft glycolipids following fraction and describe the application of this method.
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Suzuki A, Silsirivanit A, Watanabe T, Matsuda J, Inamori KI, Inokuchi JI. Mass Spectrometry of Neutral Glycosphingolipids. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2613:127-144. [PMID: 36587076 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes the protocols for mass spectrometry (MS) applied to the structural characterization of neutral glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and the determination of neutral GSL contents in biological materials. The structural characterization is performed by thin layer chromatography-matrix assisted laser desorption ionization/mass spectrometry (TLC-MALDI/MS) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS) with reversed phase separation. The content determination is carried out by LC-ESI/MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). These protocols provide clues for the functions of neutral GSLs at the level of a single GSL molecular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Suzuki
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Atit Silsirivanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Inamori
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
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Rapid removal of detergent in glycolipids using ionic liquids. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:1115-1121. [PMID: 35718829 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Detergent removal in glycolipid after sample preparation, such as enzymatic reaction or isolation of detergent-resistant membrane microdomain, is indispensable for further structural characterization. We previously established the rapid and effective method of detergent removal in glycolipid samples from glass test tube using 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) washing. However, the use of DCE has several drawbacks, such as environmental risks, harmful effects (potentially carcinogenic), and high vaporability and flammability. To solve the issue, we used ionic liquids to remove detergents from glycolipid samples, and found 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide was a suitable alternative for DCE.
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Matsushita S, Hasegawa T, Hiraoka M, Hayashi A, Suzuki Y. TLC-based MS Imaging Analysis of Glycosphingolipids and Glycerin Fatty Acid Esters after 1,2-Dichloroethane Washing. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1491-1495. [PMID: 34690230 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21c009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-based mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of separated lipids on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates or followed by blotted hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes has become a powerful tool in lipidomic analyses. However, background peaks in MS spectra often cover lipid peaks in a low amount/ionization effect; consequently, only low intensities/resolutions MSI are obtained. To address the aforementioned problem, we attempted 1,2-dichloroethane pre-washing of TLC plates before development and found that backgrounds could successfully be removed from the TLC plate or PVDF membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Matsushita
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University
| | - Takuma Hasegawa
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University
| | - Marina Hiraoka
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University
| | - Aki Hayashi
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2011-2012. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:255-422. [PMID: 26270629 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review is the seventh update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2012. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural types constitute the remainder. The main groups of compound are oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:255-422, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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SUZUKI Y, OKANO A, KABAYAMA K, NISHINA A, TANIGAWA M, NISHIMURA K, KUSHI Y. Purification of Pyridylaminated Oligosaccharides Using 1,2-Dichloroethane Extraction. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:487-90. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aya OKANO
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University
| | - Kazuya KABAYAMA
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
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Kojima H, Suzuki Y, Ito M, Kabayama K. Structural Characterization of Neutral Glycosphingolipids from 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Lipids 2015; 50:913-7. [PMID: 26017029 PMCID: PMC4541715 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, obesity has been considered a pathological stage of early lifestyle-related diseases, and adipose tissue and adipocyte research has been active. Glycosphingolipids are involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes induced by insulin resistance, but the details of the glycosphingolipid molecular species composition of adipocytes have yet to be elucidated. We used 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the 1,2-dichloroethane-wash method to remove triacylglycerols, which are abundant in adipocytes, and analyzed the structures of glycosphingolipids, particularly neutral glycosphingolipids, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Kojima
- />College of Life Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- />College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ito
- />College of Life Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- />Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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The removal of Triton X-100 by dialysis is feasible! Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:1107-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sun CQ, Hubl U, Hoefakker P, Vasudevamurthy MK, Johnson KD. A new assay for determining ganglioside sialyltransferase activities lactosylceramide-2,3-sialyltransferase (SAT I) and monosialylganglioside-2,3-sialyltransferase (SAT IV). PLoS One 2014; 9:e94206. [PMID: 24718572 PMCID: PMC3981761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A new assay for the determination of lactosylceramide-2,3-sialyltransferase (SAT I, EC 2.4.99.9) and monosialoganglioside sialyltransferase (SAT IV, EC 2.4.99.2) is described. The assay utilised the commercially available fluorophore labelled sphingolipids, boron dipyrromethene difluoride (BODIPY) lactosylceramide (LacCer), and BODIPY-monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) as the acceptor substrates, for SAT I and SAT IV, respectively. HPLC coupled with fluorescence detection was used to analyse product formation. The analysis was performed in a quick and automated fashion. The assay showed good linearity for both BODIPY sphingolipids with a quantitative detection limit of 0.05 pmol. The high sensitivity enabled the detection of SAT I and SAT IV activities as low as 0.001 μU, at least 200 fold lower than that of most radiometric assays. This new assay was applied to the screening of SAT I and SAT IV activities in ovine and bovine organs (liver, heart, kidney, and spleen). The results provided evidence that young animals, such as calves, start to produce ganglioside sialyltransferases as early as 7 days after parturition and that levels change during maturation. Among the organs tested from a bovine source, spleen had the highest specific ganglioside sialyltransferase activity. Due to the organ size, the greatest total ganglioside sialyltransferase activities (SAT I and SAT IV) were detected in the liver of both bovine and ovine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Q. Sun
- Callaghan Innovation Research Ltd, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Ulrike Hubl
- Callaghan Innovation Research Ltd, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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