1
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Wang RJ, Ma GC, Yu S, Zhang M, Pu SB. UPLC-MS based metabonomics revealed the protective effects of Buyang Huanwu decoction on ischemic stroke rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae052. [PMID: 38567035 PMCID: PMC10982849 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Storke is a leading cause of death and disability affecting million people worldwide, 80% of which is ischemic stroke (IS). Recently, traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have received great attentions in treating IS due to their low poisonous effects and high safety. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD), a famous and classical Chinese prescription, has been used for treating stroke-induced disability for centuries. Yet, its underlying mechanism is still in fancy. Methods We first constructed an IS model by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Then, a metabonomics study on serum samples was performed using UHPLC-QTOF/MS, followed by multivariate data analysis including principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA). Results Metabolic profiling of PCA indicated metabolic perturbation caused by MCAO was regulated by BHD back to normal levels, which is in agreement with the neurobehavioral evaluations. In the OPLS-DA, 12 metabolites were screened as potential biomarkers involved in MCAO-induced IS. Three metabolic pathways were recognized as the most relevant pathways, involving one carbon pool by folate, sphingolipid metabolism and inositol phosphate metabolism. BHD significantly reversed the abnormality of 7 metabolites to normal levels. Conclusions This is the first study to investigate the effect of BHD on IS at the metabolite level and to reveal the underlying mechanisms of BHD, which is complementary to neurobehavioral evaluation. In a broad sense, the current study brings novel and valuable insights to evaluate efficacy of TCMs, to interpret the action mechanisms, and to provide the theoretical basis for further research on the therapeutic mechanisms in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou-jun Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Mdicine, 282 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 2628 Xiangyuan Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guang-chao Ma
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Wujiaying Street, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shun Yu
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Mdicine, 282 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210029, China
- Yunnan Institude of Traditional Chinese medicine and materia medical, Lianhua chi, Kumning 650000, China
| | - Shi-biao Pu
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
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2
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Blumenreich S, Nehushtan T, Kupervaser M, Shalit T, Gabashvili A, Joseph T, Milenkovic I, Hardy J, Futerman AH. Large-scale proteomics analysis of five brain regions from Parkinson's disease patients with a GBA1 mutation. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:33. [PMID: 38331996 PMCID: PMC10853186 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, little is known about Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. A number of genetic factors predispose towards PD, among them mutations in GBA1, which encodes the lysosomal enzyme acid-β-glucosidase. We now perform non-targeted, mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics on five brain regions from PD patients with a GBA1 mutation (PD-GBA) and compare to age- and sex-matched idiopathic PD patients (IPD) and controls. Two proteins were differentially-expressed in all five brain regions whereas significant differences were detected between the brain regions, with changes consistent with loss of dopaminergic signaling in the substantia nigra, and activation of a number of pathways in the cingulate gyrus, including ceramide synthesis. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was inactivated in PD samples in most brain regions and to a larger extent in PD-GBA. This study provides a comprehensive large-scale proteomics dataset for the study of PD-GBA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meital Kupervaser
- Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Tali Shalit
- Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Alexandra Gabashvili
- Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Tammar Joseph
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ivan Milenkovic
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurogenerative Disease, UCL Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
- The Joseph Meyerhof Professor of Biochemistry at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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3
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Zelnik ID, Mestre B, Weinstein JJ, Dingjan T, Izrailov S, Ben-Dor S, Fleishman SJ, Futerman AH. Computational design and molecular dynamics simulations suggest the mode of substrate binding in ceramide synthases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2330. [PMID: 37087500 PMCID: PMC10122649 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Until now, membrane-protein stabilization has relied on iterations of mutations and screening. We now validate a one-step algorithm, mPROSS, for stabilizing membrane proteins directly from an AlphaFold2 model structure. Applied to the lipid-generating enzyme, ceramide synthase, 37 designed mutations lead to a more stable form of human CerS2. Together with molecular dynamics simulations, we propose a pathway by which substrates might be delivered to the ceramide synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris D Zelnik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Beatriz Mestre
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Jonathan J Weinstein
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Tamir Dingjan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Stav Izrailov
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Sarel J Fleishman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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4
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Zhu H, Duan Y, Qin K, Jin J, Liu X, Cai B. A UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-Based Metabolomics Approach to Screen out Active Components in Prepared Rhubarb for Its Activity on Noxious Heat Blood Stasis Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907831. [PMID: 35928255 PMCID: PMC9343851 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prepared rhubarb was obtained by steaming raw rhubarb with wine. Different from raw rhubarb with a purgative effect, prepared rhubarb shows effects of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. However, the mechanisms of its action through regulating endogenous metabolites remain unclear. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore active chemical components in prepared rhubarb for its activity on noxious heat blood stasis syndrome (NHBS) by comprehensive metabolomics profiling. Study design: Plant extracts usually show their activities in a synergistic way; therefore, integrated omics was developed as a rational way for a better understanding of their biological effects and potential active compounds. Methods: The activities of prepared rhubarb were evaluated by biochemical and metabolomic analysis; meanwhile, serum chemical profiles were sought using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Gray correlation analysis (GCA) was used for calculating the underlying correlations between them. Results: The metabolomics profiles of rat plasma from model and control groups were significantly different, with 31 endogenous metabolites changed by NHBS. Then, after the administration of prepared rhubarb, 18 of them were regulated. Multiple metabolic pathways were disturbed after NHBS modeling and restored by prepared rhubarb, among which had a greater impact on sphingolipid metabolism. A total of 28 compounds from prepared rhubarb absorbed into the plasma were identified, including nine prototypes and 19 metabolites. Statistical results suggested that rhein and its metabolites accounted for half of the top 10 active compounds in prepared rhubarb for its biomedical activities. Conclusion: This study presented evidence for the therapeutic effects and active chemicals of prepared rhubarb on NHBS in the way of metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunming Qin
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Haiyuan Prepared Slices of Chinese Crude Drugs Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Jin
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Haiyuan Prepared Slices of Chinese Crude Drugs Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Liu,
| | - Baochang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Haiyuan Prepared Slices of Chinese Crude Drugs Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
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5
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Kim J, Pewzner-Jung Y, Joseph T, Ben-Dor S, Futerman AH. Generation of a ceramide synthase 6 mouse lacking the DDRSDIE C-terminal motif. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271675. [PMID: 35849604 PMCID: PMC9292091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The important membrane lipid, ceramide, is generated by a family of homologous enzymes, the ceramide synthases (CerSs), multi-spanning membrane proteins located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Six CerS isoforms exist in mammals with each using a subset of acyl-CoAs for (dihydro)ceramide synthesis. A number of mice have been generated in which one or other CerS has been genetically manipulated, including complete knock-outs, with each displaying phenotypes concomitant with the expression levels of the CerS in question and the presumed biological function of the ceramide species that it generates. We recently described a short C-terminal motif in the CerS which is involved in CerS dimer formation; deleting this motif had no effect on the ability of the CerS to synthesize ceramide in vitro. In the current study, we generated a CerS6 mouse using CRISPR-Cas9, in which the DDRSDIE motif was replaced by ADAAAIA. While levels of CerS6ADAAAIA expression were unaffected in the CerS6ADAAAIA mouse, and CerS6ADAAAIA was able to generate C16-ceramide in vitro, ceramide levels were significantly reduced in the CerS6ADAAAIA mouse, suggesting that replacing this motif affects an as-yet unknown mechanism of regulation of ceramide synthesis via the DDRSDIE motif in vivo. Crossing CerS6ADAAAIA mice with CerS5 null mice led to generation of viable mice in which C16-ceramide levels were reduced by up to 90%, suggesting that depletion of C16-ceramide levels is compensated for by other ceramide species with different acyl chain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Kim
- Department Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Pewzner-Jung
- Department Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tammar Joseph
- Department Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anthony H. Futerman
- Department Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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6
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Zhou W, Li S, Sun G, Song L, Feng W, Li R, Liu H, Dong Y, Chen S, Yang S, Li J, Li Y. Early Warning of Ischemic Stroke Based on Atherosclerosis Index Combined With Serum Markers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1956-1964. [PMID: 35349673 PMCID: PMC9202721 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ischemic stroke (IS) is a serious public health problem worldwide, threatening human life and health. Atherosclerosis is the cause of stroke. At present, there are few selective indexes that can be used to evaluate atherosclerosis in the clinic; providers rely mainly on the atherosclerotic index (AI). Disturbance of lipid metabolism is considered to be a key event leading to IS. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to discover potential biomarkers in the serum of atherosclerosis-induced IS, combined with the AI to provide early warning for the diagnosis of IS. METHODS In this study, we used nontargeted metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) to measure the changes in serum metabolites in a group of patients with IS. To verify the reproducibility of candidate biomarkers in the population, we expanded the sample size. RESULTS Five metabolites were identified, including sphingomyelin (18:0/14:0), 1-Methylpyrrolinium, PC (18:0/18:0), LysoPC (18:0/0:0), and PC (18: 2/18:2). The combination of these 5 metabolic markers has good diagnostic and predictive ability, and the change level of these metabolites is significantly related to IS. Our results also indicate that changes in glycerophospholipid metabolism may indicate an early risk of IS development. CONCLUSION These findings may contribute to the development of new diagnostic methods of potential biomarkers in serum combined with the AI, thereby providing early warning for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis-induced IS, and may provide a new insights for pathogenesis in IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shanze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Guijiang Sun
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Component Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenjun Feng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yaqian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Component Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shenshen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jing Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 88 Changling Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yubo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
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7
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Simoes M, Saleh A, Choi YM, Airola MV, Haley JD, Coant N. Measurement of neutral ceramidase activity in vitro and in vivo. Anal Biochem 2022; 643:114577. [PMID: 35134389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Neutral ceramidase is a hydrolase of ceramide that has been implicated in multiple biologic processes, including inflammation and oncogenesis. Ceramides and other sphingolipids, belong to a family of N-acyl linked lipids that are biologically active in signaling, despite their limited structural functions. Ceramides are generally pro-apoptotic, while sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) exert proliferative and pro-oncogenic effects. Ceramidases are important regulators of ceramide levels that hydrolyze ceramide to sphingosine. Thus, ceramidase inhibition significantly increases the quantities of ceramide and its associated signaling. To better understand the function of ceramide, biochemical and cellular assays for enzymatic activity were developed and validated to identify inhibitors of human neutral ceramidase (nCDase). Here we review the measurement of nCDase activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Simoes
- Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Amalia Saleh
- Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Yong-Mi Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Michael V Airola
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - John D Haley
- Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Nicolas Coant
- Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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8
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Kim JL, Ben-Dor S, Rosenfeld-Gur E, Futerman AH. A novel C-terminal DxRSDxE motif in ceramide synthases involved in dimer formation. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101517. [PMID: 34942147 PMCID: PMC8789539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is a lipid moiety synthesized via the enzymatic activity of ceramide synthases (CerSs), six of which have been identified in mammalian cells, and each of which uses a unique subset of acyl-CoAs for ceramide synthesis. The CerSs are part of a larger gene family, the Tram-Lag-CLN8 domain family. Here, we identify a unique, C-terminal motif, the DxRSDxE motif, which is only found in CerSs and not in other Tram-Lag-CLN8 family members. Deletion of this motif in either CerS2 or in CerS6 did not affect the ability of either enzyme to generate ceramide using both an in vitro assay and metabolic labeling, but deletion of this motif did affect the activity of CerS2 when coexpressed with CerS6. Surprisingly, transfection of cells with either CerS2 or CerS6 lacking the motif did not result in changes in cellular ceramide levels. We found that CerS2 and CerS6 interact with each other, as shown by immunoprecipitation, but deletion of the DxRSDxE motif impeded this interaction. Moreover, proteomics analysis of cells transfected with CerS6Δ338–344 indicated that deletion of the C-terminal motif impacted cellular protein expression, and in particular, the levels of ORMDL1, a negative regulator of sphingolipid synthesis. We suggest that this novel C-terminal motif regulates CerS dimer formation and thereby impacts ceramide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon L Kim
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eden Rosenfeld-Gur
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; The Joseph Meyerhoff Professor of Biochemistry at the Weizmann Institute of Science.
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9
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Nicholson RJ, Poss AM, Maschek JA, Cox JE, Hopkins PN, Hunt SC, Playdon MC, Holland WL, Summers SA. Characterizing a Common CERS2 Polymorphism in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Disease and in Subjects from the Utah CAD Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3098-e3109. [PMID: 33705551 PMCID: PMC8277214 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genome-wide association studies have identified associations between a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs267738) in CERS2, a gene that encodes a (dihydro)ceramide synthase that is involved in the biosynthesis of very-long-chain sphingolipids (eg, C20-C26) and indices of metabolic dysfunction (eg, impaired glucose homeostasis). However, the biological consequences of this mutation on enzyme activity and its causal roles in metabolic disease are unresolved. OBJECTIVE The studies described herein aimed to characterize the effects of rs267738 on CERS2 enzyme activity, sphingolipid profiles, and metabolic outcomes. DESIGN We performed in-depth lipidomic and metabolic characterization of a novel CRISPR knock-in mouse modeling the rs267738 variant. In parallel, we conducted mass spectrometry-based, targeted lipidomics on 567 serum samples collected through the Utah Coronary Artery Disease study, which included 185 patients harboring 1 (n = 163) or both (n = 22) rs267738 alleles. RESULTS In-silico analysis of the amino acid substitution within CERS2 caused by the rs267738 mutation suggested that rs267738 is deleterious for enzyme function. Homozygous knock-in mice had reduced liver CERS2 activity and enhanced diet-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. However, human serum sphingolipids and a ceramide-based cardiac event risk test 1 score of cardiovascular disease were not significantly affected by rs267738 allele count. CONCLUSIONS The rs267738 SNP leads to a partial loss-of-function of CERS2, which worsened metabolic parameters in knock-in mice. However, rs267738 was insufficient to effect changes in serum sphingolipid profiles in subjects from the Utah Coronary Artery Disease Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah J Nicholson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Annelise M Poss
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - J Alan Maschek
- Department of Biochemistry, Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Paul N Hopkins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mary C Playdon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Division of Cancer Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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McEvoy K, Normile TG, Poeta MD. Antifungal Drug Development: Targeting the Fungal Sphingolipid Pathway. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6030142. [PMID: 32825250 PMCID: PMC7559796 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are becoming more prevalent and problematic due to the continual rise of immune deficient patients as well as the progressive development of drug resistance towards currently available antifungal drugs. There has been a significant increase in the development of antifungal compounds with a similar mechanism of action of current drugs. In contrast, there has been very little progress in developing compounds inhibiting totally new fungal targets or/and fungal pathways. This review focuses on novel compounds recently discovered to target the fungal sphingolipids and their metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle McEvoy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (K.M.); (T.G.N.)
| | - Tyler G. Normile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (K.M.); (T.G.N.)
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (K.M.); (T.G.N.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-631-632-4024
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11
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Megyeri M, Prasad R, Volpert G, Sliwa-Gonzalez A, Haribowo AG, Aguilera-Romero A, Riezman H, Barral Y, Futerman AH, Schuldiner M. Yeast ceramide synthases, Lag1 and Lac1, have distinct substrate specificity. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.228411. [PMID: 31164445 PMCID: PMC6602303 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.228411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
LAG1 was the first longevity assurance gene discovered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Lag1 protein is a ceramide synthase and its homolog, Lac1, has a similar enzymatic function but no role in aging. Lag1 and Lac1 lie in an enzymatic branch point of the sphingolipid pathway that is interconnected by the activity of the C4 hydroxylase, Sur2. By uncoupling the enzymatic branch point and using lipidomic mass spectrometry, metabolic labeling and in vitro assays we show that Lag1 preferentially synthesizes phyto-sphingolipids. Using photo-bleaching experiments we show that Lag1 is uniquely required for the establishment of a lateral diffusion barrier in the nuclear envelope, which depends on phytoceramide. Given the role of this diffusion barrier in the retention of aging factors in the mother cell, we suggest that the different specificities of the two ceramide synthases, and the specific effect of Lag1 on asymmetrical inheritance, may explain why Δlag1 cells have an increased lifespan while Δlac1 cells do not. Highlighted Article: Distinct substrate specificities of Lag1 and Lac1, the two yeast ceramide synthases, are revealed, shedding light on their physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Megyeri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Rupali Prasad
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Giora Volpert
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | | | - A Galih Haribowo
- Department of Biochemistry and NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | | | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry and NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Yves Barral
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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12
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Snider JM, Luberto C, Hannun YA. Approaches for probing and evaluating mammalian sphingolipid metabolism. Anal Biochem 2019; 575:70-86. [PMID: 30917945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolism plays a critical role in regulating processes that control cellular fate. This dynamic pathway can generate and degrade the central players: ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate in almost any membrane in the cell, adding an unexpected level of complexity in deciphering signaling events. While in vitro assays have been developed for most enzymes in SL metabolism, these assays are setup for optimal activity conditions and can fail to take into account regulatory components such as compartmentalization, substrate limitations, and binding partners that can affect cellular enzymatic activity. Therefore, many in-cell assays have been developed to derive results that are authentic to the cellular situation which may give context to alteration in SL mass. This review will discuss approaches for utilizing probes for mammalian in-cell assays to interrogate most enzymatic steps central to SL metabolism. The use of inhibitors in conjunction with these probes can verify the specificity of cellular assays as well as provide valuable insight into flux in the SL network. The use of inhibitors specific to each of the central sphingolipid enzymes are also discussed to assist researchers in further interrogation of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; The Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Luberto
- The Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; The Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Departments of Biochemistry, Pathology and Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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13
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Tidhar R, Zelnik ID, Volpert G, Ben-Dor S, Kelly S, Merrill AH, Futerman AH. Eleven residues determine the acyl chain specificity of ceramide synthases. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9912-9921. [PMID: 29632068 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids display large structural complexity, with ∼40,000 different lipids identified to date, ∼4000 of which are sphingolipids. A critical factor determining the biological activities of the sphingolipid, ceramide, and of more complex sphingolipids is their N-acyl chain length, which in mammals is determined by a family of six ceramide synthases (CerS). Little information is available about the CerS regions that determine specificity toward different acyl-CoA substrates. We previously demonstrated that substrate specificity resides in a region of ∼150 residues in the Tram-Lag-CLN8 domain. Using site-directed mutagenesis and biochemical analyses, we now narrow specificity down to an 11-residue sequence in a loop located between the last two putative transmembrane domains (TMDs) of the CerS. The specificity of a chimeric protein, CerS5(299-309→CerS2), based on the backbone of CerS5 (which generates C16-ceramide), but containing 11 residues from CerS2 (which generates C22-C24-ceramides), was altered such that it generated C22-C24 and other ceramides. Moreover, a chimeric protein, CerS4(291-301→CerS2), based on CerS4 (which normally generates C18-C22 ceramides) displayed significant activity toward C24:1-CoA. Additional data supported the notion that substitutions of these 11 residues alter the specificities of the CerS toward their cognate acyl-CoAs. Our findings may suggest that this short loop may restrict adjacent TMDs, leading to a more open conformation in the membrane, and that the CerS acting on shorter acyl-CoAs may have a longer, more flexible loop, permitting TMD flexibility. In summary, we have identified an 11-residue region that determines the acyl-CoA specificity of CerS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Tidhar
- From the Department of Biomolecular Sciences and
| | | | | | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- the Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel and
| | - Samuel Kelly
- the School of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230
| | - Alfred H Merrill
- the School of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230
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14
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Munshi MA, Gardin JM, Singh A, Luberto C, Rieger R, Bouklas T, Fries BC, Del Poeta M. The Role of Ceramide Synthases in the Pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans. Cell Rep 2018; 22:1392-1400. [PMID: 29425496 PMCID: PMC5839121 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is estimated to cause about 220,000 new cases every year in patients with AIDS, despite advances in antifungal treatments. C. neoformans possesses a remarkable ability to disseminate through an immunocompromised host, making treatment difficult. Here, we examine the mechanism of survival of C. neoformans under varying host conditions and find a role for ceramide synthase in C. neoformans virulence. This study also provides a detailed lipidomics resource for the fungal lipid research community in addition to discovering a potential target for antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansa A Munshi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Robert Rieger
- Proteomics Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Tejas Bouklas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Professions and Nursing, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA
| | - Bettina C Fries
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA.
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15
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Cingolani F, Simbari F, Abad JL, Casasampere M, Fabrias G, Futerman AH, Casas J. Jaspine B induces nonapoptotic cell death in gastric cancer cells independently of its inhibition of ceramide synthase. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1500-1513. [PMID: 28572516 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) have been extensively investigated in biomedical research due to their role as bioactive molecules in cells. Here, we describe the effect of a SL analog, jaspine B (JB), a cyclic anhydrophytosphingosine found in marine sponges, on the gastric cancer cell line, HGC-27. JB induced alterations in the sphingolipidome, mainly the accumulation of dihydrosphingosine, sphingosine, and their phosphorylated forms due to inhibition of ceramide synthases. Moreover, JB provoked atypical cell death in HGC-27 cells, characterized by the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles in a time and dose-dependent manner. Vacuoles appeared to originate from macropinocytosis and triggered cytoplasmic disruption. The pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD, did not alter either cytotoxicity or vacuole formation, suggesting that JB activates a caspase-independent cell death mechanism. The autophagy inhibitor, wortmannin, did not decrease JB-stimulated LC3-II accumulation. In addition, cell vacuolation induced by JB was characterized by single-membrane vacuoles, which are different from double-membrane autophagosomes. These findings suggest that JB-induced cell vacuolation is not related to autophagy and it is also independent of its action on SL metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cingolani
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fabio Simbari
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Abad
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Casasampere
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Fabrias
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Volpert G, Ben-Dor S, Tarcic O, Duan J, Saada A, Merrill AH, Pewzner-Jung Y, Futerman AH. Oxidative stress elicited by modifying the ceramide acyl chain length reduces the rate of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1486-1493. [PMID: 28280117 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.199968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids modulate clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) by altering the biophysical properties of membranes. We now examine CME in astrocytes cultured from ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) null mice, which have an altered sphingolipid acyl chain composition. The rate of endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein and transferrin, which are internalized via CME, was reduced in CerS2 null astrocytes, although the rate of caveolin-mediated endocytosis was unaltered. Levels of clathrin heavy chain were increased, which was due to decreased levels of Hsc70 (also known as HSPA8), a protein involved in clathrin uncoating. Hsc70 levels were decreased because of lower levels of binding of Sp1 to position -68 in the Hsc70 promoter. Levels of Sp1 were downregulated due to oxidative stress, which was elevated fourfold in CerS2 null astrocytes. Furthermore, induction of oxidative stress in wild-type astrocytes decreased the rate of CME, whereas amelioration of oxidative stress in CerS2 null astrocytes reversed the decrease. Our data are consistent with the notion that sphingolipids not only change membrane biophysical properties but also that changes in their composition can result in downstream effects that indirectly impinge upon a number of cellular pathways, such as CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giora Volpert
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ohad Tarcic
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jingjing Duan
- School of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA
| | - Ann Saada
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.,The Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Alfred H Merrill
- School of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA
| | - Yael Pewzner-Jung
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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17
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Abstract
Invasive fungal infections have significantly increased in the last few decades. Three classes of drugs are commonly used to treat these infections: polyenes, azoles and echinocandins. Unfortunately each of these drugs has drawbacks; polyenes are toxic, resistance against azoles is emerging and echinocandins have narrow spectrum of activity. Thus, the development of new antifungals is urgently needed. In this context, fungal sphingolipids have emerged as a potential target for new antifungals, because their biosynthesis in fungi is structurally different than in mammals. Besides, some fungal sphingolipids play an important role in the regulation of virulence in a variety of fungi. This review aims to highlight the diverse strategies that could be used to block the synthesis or/and function of fungal sphingolipids.
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18
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Martínez-Montañés F, Schneiter R. Tools for the analysis of metabolic flux through the sphingolipid pathway. Biochimie 2016; 130:76-80. [PMID: 27208414 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Discerning the complex regulation of the enzymatic steps necessary for sphingolipid biosynthesis is facilitated by the utilization of tracers that allow a time-resolved analysis of the pathway dynamics without affecting the metabolic flux. Different strategies have been used and new tools are continuously being developed to probe the various enzymatic conversions that occur within this complex pathway. Here, we provide a short overview of the divergent fungal and mammalian sphingolipid biosynthetic routes, and of the tracers and methods that are frequently employed to follow the flux of intermediates throughout these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Schneiter
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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19
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MacRitchie N, Volpert G, Al Washih M, Watson DG, Futerman AH, Kennedy S, Pyne S, Pyne NJ. Effect of the sphingosine kinase 1 selective inhibitor, PF-543 on arterial and cardiac remodelling in a hypoxic model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cell Signal 2016; 28:946-55. [PMID: 27063355 PMCID: PMC4913619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the expression of sphingosine kinase 1, the enzyme that catalyses formation of the bioactive lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate, is increased in lungs from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In addition, Sk1−/− mice are protected from hypoxic-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Therefore, we assessed the effect of the sphingosine kinase 1 selective inhibitor, PF-543 and a sphingosine kinase 1/ceramide synthase inhibitor, RB-005 on pulmonary and cardiac remodelling in a mouse hypoxic model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Administration of the potent sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor, PF-543 in a mouse hypoxic model of pulmonary hypertension had no effect on vascular remodelling but reduced right ventricular hypertrophy. The latter was associated with a significant reduction in cardiomyocyte death. The protection involves a reduction in the expression of p53 (that promotes cardiomyocyte death) and an increase in the expression of anti-oxidant nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2). In contrast, RB-005 lacked effects on right ventricular hypertrophy, suggesting that sphingosine kinase 1 inhibition might be nullified by concurrent inhibition of ceramide synthase. Therefore, our findings with PF-543 suggest an important role for sphingosine kinase 1 in the development of hypertrophy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. PF-543, a sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor reduces cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) model This results in reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis PF-543 reduces PARP processing and p53 expression and increases Nrf-2 expression in the right ventricle of mice with PAH
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil MacRitchie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Giora Volpert
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Insitute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mohammed Al Washih
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - David G Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Insitute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Simon Kennedy
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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20
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Martínez-Montañés F, Schneiter R. Following the flux of long-chain bases through the sphingolipid pathway in vivo using mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:906-15. [PMID: 26977056 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d066472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential components of the plasma membrane. Their synthesis is tightly controlled by regulatory proteins, which impinge on the rate-limiting step of the pathway, the condensation of serine and palmitoyl-CoA to long-chain base (LCB). The subsequent conversion of LCB to ceramide by ceramide synthase (CerS) is also tightly regulated, because both the accumulation of LCB as well as an excess of ceramide is toxic. Here we describe an in vivo assay to monitor the flux of LCB through the sphingolipid pathway in yeast. Cells are provided with nonnatural odd-chain sphingosine analogs, C17-dihydrosphingosine or C17-phytosphingosine (PHS), and their incorporation into ceramide and more complex sphingolipids is monitored by mass spectrometry. Incorporation of C17-PHS is time and concentration dependent, is inhibited by fumonisin B1, an inhibitor of CerS, and greatly reduced in double mutant cells lacking components of the CerS, Lac1 and Lag1. The resulting C17-ceramides are further metabolized to more complex sphingolipids, inositol phosphorylceramide and mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide), indicating that the tracer can be used to decipher the regulation of later steps of the pathway. In support of this notion, we show that mutants lacking the Orm proteins, regulators of the rate-limiting step of the pathway, display increased steady-state levels of these intermediates without affecting their rate of synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Schneiter
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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