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Chen Y, Chen M, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Liu P, Li P. Morroniside attenuates podocytes lipid deposition in diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation study. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112560. [PMID: 38959541 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is a key factor influencing the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Morroniside (MOR) is a major active compound isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Cornus officinalis, our previous research found that it can improve the lipid deposition of renal tubular epithelial cells. The purpose of this study is to explore whether MOR can improve podocyte lipid deposition and its mechanism of reducing DN. METHODS Initially, we used network pharmacology and bioinformatics techniques to predict the relationship between renal lipid metabolism of MOR and DN. Subsequently, the binding activity of MOR with lipid-related proteins was studied by molecular docking to determine how MOR acts through these proteins. After determining the target of MOR, animal experiments and cell tests were carried out to verify it. RESULTS Using network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and molecular docking, target proteins for MOR treatment of DN were predicted and screened, including PGC-1α, LXRs, ABCA1, PPARY, CD36, and nephrin. It is particularly noted that MOR effectively binds to PGC-1α, while LXRs, ABCA1, PPARY and CD36 are downstream molecules of PGC-1α. Silencing the PGC-1α gene significantly reduced the therapeutic effects of MOR. Conversely, in groups without PGC-1α knockdown, MOR was able to increase the expression levels of PGC-1α and influence the expression of downstream proteins. Furthermore, through in vivo and in vitro experiments, utilizing techniques such as lipid droplet staining, PAS, MASSON staining, immunofluorescence, and Western blot, we found that MOR effectively elevated the expression levels of the podocyte protein nephrin and lipid metabolism-regulating proteins PGC-1α, PPARY, and ABCA1, while significantly inhibiting the expression of the lipid accumulation promoter CD36. CONCLUSION MOR can regulate the cholesterol efflux in podocytes via the PGC-1α/LXRs/ABCA1 signaling pathway, and control cholesterol intake via the PGC-1α/PPARY/CD36 signaling pathway, thereby ameliorating lipid deposition in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- First People's Hospital of Qiqihaer City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Muoio F, Panella S, Jossen V, Lindner M, Harder Y, Müller M, Eibl R, Tallone T. Human Adipose Stem Cells (hASCs) Grown on Biodegradable Microcarriers in Serum- and Xeno-Free Medium Preserve Their Undifferentiated Status. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12020025. [PMID: 33923488 PMCID: PMC8167760 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose stem cells (hASCs) are promising candidates for cell-based therapies, but they need to be efficiently expanded in vitro as they cannot be harvested in sufficient quantities. Recently, dynamic bioreactor systems operated with microcarriers achieved considerable high cell densities. Thus, they are a viable alternative to static planar cultivation systems to obtain high numbers of clinical-grade hASCs. Nevertheless, the production of considerable biomass in a short time must not be achieved to the detriment of the cells' quality. To facilitate the scalable expansion of hASC, we have developed a new serum- and xeno-free medium (UrSuppe) and a biodegradable microcarrier (BR44). In this study, we investigated whether the culture of hASCs in defined serum-free conditions on microcarriers (3D) or on planar (2D) cell culture vessels may influence the expression of some marker genes linked with the immature degree or the differentiated status of the cells. Furthermore, we investigated whether the biomaterials, which form our biodegradable MCs, may affect cell behavior and differentiation. The results confirmed that the quality and the undifferentiated status of the hASCs are very well preserved when they grow on BR44 MCs in defined serum-free conditions. Indeed, the ASCs showed a gene expression profile more compatible with an undifferentiated status than the same cells grown under standard planar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Muoio
- Foundation for Cardiological Research and Education (FCRE), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6807 Taverne, Switzerland; (F.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefano Panella
- Foundation for Cardiological Research and Education (FCRE), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6807 Taverne, Switzerland; (F.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Valentin Jossen
- Institute of Chemistry & Biotechnology, Competence Center of Biochemical Engineering & Cell Cultivation Technique Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland; (V.J.); (R.E.)
| | | | - Yves Harder
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, EOC, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Regine Eibl
- Institute of Chemistry & Biotechnology, Competence Center of Biochemical Engineering & Cell Cultivation Technique Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland; (V.J.); (R.E.)
| | - Tiziano Tallone
- Foundation for Cardiological Research and Education (FCRE), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6807 Taverne, Switzerland; (F.M.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-91-805-38-85
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Tanshinone IIA Downregulates Lipogenic Gene Expression and Attenuates Lipid Accumulation through the Modulation of LXRα/SREBP1 Pathway in HepG2 Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030326. [PMID: 33806955 PMCID: PMC8004631 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal and excessive accumulation of lipid droplets within hepatic cells is the main feature of steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Dysregulation of lipogenesis contributes to hepatic steatosis and plays an essential role in the pathological progress of MAFLD. Tanshinone IIA is a bioactive phytochemical isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiatherosclerotic and antihyperlipidemic effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the lipid-lowering effects of tanshinone IIA on the regulation of lipogenesis, lipid accumulation, and the underlying mechanisms in hepatic cells. We demonstrated that tanshinone IIA can significantly inhibit the gene expression involved in de novo lipogenesis including FASN, ACC1, and SCD1, in HepG2 and Huh 7 cells. Tanshinone IIA could increase phosphorylation of ACC1 protein in HepG2 cells. We further demonstrated that tanshinone IIA also could suppress the fatty-acid-induced lipogenesis and TG accumulation in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, tanshinone IIA markedly downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of SREBP1, an essential transcription factor regulating lipogenesis in hepatic cells. Moreover, we found that tanshinone IIA attenuated liver X receptor α (LXRα)-mediated lipogenic gene expression and lipid droplet accumulation, but did not change the levels of LXRα mRNA or protein in HepG2 cells. The molecular docking data predicted tanshinone IIA binding to the ligand-binding domain of LXRα, which may result in the attenuation of LXRα-induced transcriptional activation. Our findings support the supposition that tanshinone IIA possesses a lipid-modulating effect that suppresses lipogenesis and attenuates lipid accumulation by modulating the LXRα/SREBP1 pathway in hepatic cells. Tanshinone IIA can be potentially used as a supplement or drug for the prevention or treatment of MAFLD.
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Chemically Defined Xeno- and Serum-Free Cell Culture Medium to Grow Human Adipose Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020466. [PMID: 33671568 PMCID: PMC7926673 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an abundant source of stem cells. However, liposuction cannot yield cell quantities sufficient for direct applications in regenerative medicine. Therefore, the development of GMP-compliant ex vivo expansion protocols is required to ensure the production of a "cell drug" that is safe, reproducible, and cost-effective. Thus, we developed our own basal defined xeno- and serum-free cell culture medium (UrSuppe), specifically formulated to grow human adipose stem cells (hASCs). With this medium, we can directly culture the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells in defined cell culture conditions to obtain hASCs. Cells proliferate while remaining undifferentiated, as shown by Flow Cytometry (FACS), Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assays, and their secretion products. Using the UrSuppe cell culture medium, maximum cell densities between 0.51 and 0.80 × 105 cells/cm2 (=2.55-4.00 × 105 cells/mL) were obtained. As the expansion of hASCs represents only the first step in a cell therapeutic protocol or further basic research studies, we formulated two chemically defined media to differentiate the expanded hASCs in white or beige/brown adipocytes. These new media could help translate research projects into the clinical application of hASCs and study ex vivo the biology in healthy and dysfunctional states of adipocytes and their precursors. Following the cell culture system developers' practice and obvious reasons related to the formulas' patentability, the defined media's composition will not be disclosed in this study.
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Bisio V, Espéli M, Balabanian K, Anginot A. Culture, Expansion and Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2308:3-20. [PMID: 34057710 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1425-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a rare, heterogeneous and multipotent population that can be isolated from several tissues. MSC were originally discovered in the bone marrow and studied for their capacity to maintain hematopoietic cells. We will describe here methods to isolate, culture, and bank MSC from human bone marrow. Then, characterization protocols by flow cytometry, clonogenic assays and doubling time evaluation will be developed. Finally, in vitro MSC culture and differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes will be explained. Thus, this chapter will detail all bases to work on MSC with consensus and clear methods and protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bisio
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.
| | - Marion Espéli
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, OPALE Carnot Institute, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Karl Balabanian
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, OPALE Carnot Institute, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Adrienne Anginot
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.
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Mohiuddin OA, Motherwell JM, Rogers E, Bratton MR, Zhang Q, Wang G, Bunnell B, Hayes DJ, Gimble JM. Characterization and Proteomic Analysis of Decellularized Adipose Tissue Hydrogels Derived from Lean and Overweight/Obese Human Donors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000124. [PMID: 32914579 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
While decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) has potential as an "off-the-shelf" biomaterial product for regenerative medicine, it remains to be determined if donor-source body mass index (BMI) impacts the functionality of DAT. This study set out to comparatively characterize lean versus overweight/obese-donor derived DAT hydrogel based on proteome and to analyze their respective effects on adipose stromal/stem cell (ASC) viability, and differentiation in vitro. Decellularized adipose tissue from lean (lDAT) and overweight/obese (oDAT) donors is produced and characterized. Variability in the fibril microstructures is found, with dense fibrotic fiber clusters and large pore area uniquely present in the oDAT samples. Proteomic analysis reveals that lDAT contains a greater proportion of enriched extracellular proteins and a smaller proportion of enriched intracellular proteins relative to oDAT. Biocompatibility studies show that ASCs cultured in lDAT and oDAT hydrogels remain viable. The adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capability of ASCs seeded in lDAT and oDAT hydrogels is confirmed by an upregulation in marker gene expression and phenotypic analysis. In conclusion, this study establishes that DAT hydrogels derived from lean and overweight/obese adipose donors present similar physicochemical profiles with some distinctive features while comparably supporting the viability and adipogenic differentiation of ASCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omair A Mohiuddin
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jessica M Motherwell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Emma Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA
| | - Bruce Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Daniel J Hayes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- LaCell LLC and Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA
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7
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The Role of Pref-1 during Adipogenic Differentiation: An Overview of Suggested Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114104. [PMID: 32526833 PMCID: PMC7312882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity contributes significantly to the global health burden. A better understanding of adipogenesis, the process of fat formation, may lead to the discovery of novel treatment strategies. However, it is of concern that the regulation of adipocyte differentiation has predominantly been studied using the murine 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line and murine experimental animal models. Translation of these findings to the human setting requires confirmation using experimental models of human origin. The ability of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into adipocytes is an attractive model to study adipogenesis in vitro. Differences in the ability of MSCs isolated from different sources to undergo adipogenic differentiation, may be useful in investigating elements responsible for regulating adipogenic differentiation potential. Genes involved may be divided into three broad categories: early, intermediate and late-stage regulators. Preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) is an early negative regulator of adipogenic differentiation. In this review, we briefly discuss the adipogenic differentiation potential of MSCs derived from two different sources, namely adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) and Wharton’s Jelly derived stromal/stem cells (WJSCs). We then discuss the function and suggested mechanisms of action of Pref-1 in regulating adipogenesis, as well as current findings regarding Pref-1’s role in human adipogenesis.
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Munteanu R, Onaciu A, Moldovan C, Zimta AA, Gulei D, Paradiso AV, Lazar V, Berindan-Neagoe I. Adipocyte-Based Cell Therapy in Oncology: The Role of Cancer-Associated Adipocytes and Their Reinterpretation as Delivery Platforms. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050402. [PMID: 32354024 PMCID: PMC7284545 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated adipocytes have functional roles in tumor development through secreted adipocyte-derived factors and exosomes and also through metabolic symbiosis, where the malignant cells take up the lactate, fatty acids and glutamine produced by the neighboring adipocytes. Recent research has demonstrated the value of adipocytes as cell-based delivery platforms for drugs (or prodrugs), nucleic acids or loaded nanoparticles for cancer therapy. This strategy takes advantage of the biocompatibility of the delivery system, its ability to locate the tumor site and also the predisposition of cancer cells to come in functional contact with the adipocytes from the tumor microenvironment for metabolic sustenance. Also, their exosomal content can be used in the context of cancer stem cell reprogramming or as a delivery vehicle for different cargos, like non-coding nucleic acids. Moreover, the process of adipocytes isolation, processing and charging is quite straightforward, with minimal economical expenses. The present review comprehensively presents the role of adipocytes in cancer (in the context of obese and non-obese individuals), the main methods for isolation and characterization and also the current therapeutic applications of these cells as delivery platforms in the oncology sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Munteanu
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine-Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Onaciu
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine-Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Moldovan
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine-Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina-Andreea Zimta
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine-Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine-Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Angelo V. Paradiso
- Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Tumori G Paolo II, IRCCS, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vladimir Lazar
- Worldwide Innovative Network for Personalized Cancer Therapy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine-Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Sun C, Wang L, Wang H, Huang T, Yao W, Li J, Zhang X. Single-cell RNA-seq highlights heterogeneity in human primary Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem/stromal cells cultured in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:149. [PMID: 32252818 PMCID: PMC7132901 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with a promising application potential in regenerative medicine and immunomodulation. However, MSCs cultured in vitro exhibit functional heterogeneity. The underlying molecular mechanisms that define MSC heterogeneity remain unclear. METHODS We investigated the gene expression profile via single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of human primary Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJMSCs) cultured in vitro from three donors. We also isolated CD142+ and CD142- WJMSCs based on scRNA-seq data and compared their proliferation capacity and "wound healing" potential in vitro. Meanwhile, we analyzed publicly available adipose-derived MSC (ADMSCs) scRNA-seq data and performed transcriptome comparison between WJMSCs and ADMSCs at the single-cell level. RESULTS GO enrichment analysis of highly variable genes (HVGs) obtained from WJMSCs revealed that these genes are significantly enriched in extracellular region with binding function, involved in developmental process, signal transduction, cell proliferation, etc. Pathway analysis showed that these HVGs are associated with functional characteristics of classic MSCs, such as inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling, integrin signaling, and angiogenesis. After regressing out the batch and cell cycle effects, these HVGs were used for dimension reduction and clustering analysis to identify candidate subpopulations. Differentially expressed gene analysis revealed the existence of several distinct subpopulations of MSCs that exhibit diverse functional characteristics related to proliferation, development, and inflammation response. In line with our data, sorted CD142+ and CD142- WJMSCs showed distinct proliferation capacity as well as "wound healing" potential. Although WJMSCs and ADMSCs were derived from different tissues and were displaying different differentiation potencies, their HVGs were largely overlapped and had similar functional enrichment. CONCLUSION HVGs identified in MSCs are associated with classic MSC function. Regarding therapeutic potential, these genes are associated with functional characteristics, on which the MSC clinical application were theoretically based, such as development and inflammation response. Altogether, these HVGs hold the potential to be used as candidate markers for further potency association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbin Sun
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Lei Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Hailun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Tingrun Huang
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Wenwen Yao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jing Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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Peng Q, Alipour H, Porsborg S, Fink T, Zachar V. Evolution of ASC Immunophenotypical Subsets During Expansion In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1408. [PMID: 32093036 PMCID: PMC7073142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are currently being considered for clinical use for a number of indications. In order to develop standardized clinical protocols, it is paramount to have a full characterization of the stem cell preparations. The surface marker expression of ASCs has previously been characterized in multiple studies. However, most of these studies have provided a cross-sectional description of ASCs in either earlier or later passages. In this study, we evaluate the dynamic changes of 15 different surface molecules during culture. Using multichromatic flow cytometry, ASCs from three different donors each in passages 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 were analyzed for their co-expression of markers associated with mesenchymal stem cells, wound healing, immune regulation, ASC markers, and differentiation capacity, respectively. We confirmed that at an early stage, ASC displayed a high heterogeneity with a plethora of subpopulations, which by culturing became more homogeneous. After a few passages, virtually all ASCs expressed CD29, CD166 and CD201, in addition to canonical markers CD73, CD90, and CD105. However, even at passage 8, there were several predominant lineages that differed with respect to the expression of CD34, CD200 and CD271. Although the significance of remaining subpopulations still needs to be elucidated, our results underscore the necessity to fully characterize ASCs prior to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vladimir Zachar
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Regenerative Medicine Group, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (Q.P.); (H.A.); (S.P.); (T.F.)
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Human Adipose-Derived Hydrogel Characterization Based on In Vitro ASC Biocompatibility and Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9276398. [PMID: 32082388 PMCID: PMC7012213 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9276398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels serve as three-dimensional scaffolds whose composition can be customized to allow attachment and proliferation of several different cell types. Extracellular matrix-derived hydrogels are considered close replicates of the tissue microenvironment. They can serve as scaffolds for in vitro tissue engineering and are a useful tool to study cell-scaffold interaction. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) and decellularized adipose tissue-derived (DAT) hydrogel interaction on ASC morphology, proliferation, differentiation, and DAT hydrogel microstructure. First, the ASCs were characterized using flow cytometry, adipogenic/osteogenic differentiation, colony-forming unit fibroblast assay and doubling time. The viability and proliferation assays showed that ASCs seeded in DAT hydrogel at different concentrations and cultured for 21 days remained viable and displayed proliferation. ASCs were seeded on DAT hydrogel and cultured in stromal, adipogenic, or osteogenic media for 14 or 28 days. The analysis of adipogenic differentiation demonstrated the upregulation of adipogenic marker genes and accumulation of oil droplets in the cells. Osteogenic differentiation demonstrated the upregulation of osteogenic marker genes and mineral deposition in the DAT hydrogel. The analysis of DAT hydrogel fiber metrics revealed that ASC seeding, and differentiation altered both the diameter and arrangement of fibers in the matrix. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity was assessed to determine the possible mechanism for DAT hydrogel remodeling. MMP-2 activity was observed in all ASC seeded samples, with the osteogenic samples displaying the highest MMP-2 activity. These findings indicate that DAT hydrogel is a cytocompatible scaffold that supports the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of ASCs. Furthermore, the attachment of ASCs and differentiation along adipogenic and osteogenic lineages remodels the microstructure of DAT hydrogel.
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12
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The Effect of Early Rounds of ex vivo Expansion and Cryopreservation on the Adipogenic Differentiation Capacity of Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15943. [PMID: 31685852 PMCID: PMC6828715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are candidates for use in cellular therapies for the treatment of a variety of conditions/diseases. Ex vivo expansion of freshly isolated ASCs may be necessary prior to clinical application to ensure that clinically relevant cell numbers are administered during treatment. In addition, cryopreserving cells at early passages allows for storage of freshly isolated cells for extended periods of time before expanding these cells for clinical usage. There are however several concerns that these laboratory-based procedures may alter the characteristics of the cells and in so doing decrease their regenerative potential. In this study we report on the impact of early rounds of cryopreservation (P0) and ex vivo expansion (P0 to P5) on the phenotypic characteristics and adipogenic differentiation potential of ASCs. Our results show that ASCs that upregulate CD36 expression during adipogenic differentiation gradually decrease with increasing expansion rounds. The consequent decrease in adipogenic differentiation capacity was evident in both gene expression and flow cytometry-based phenotypic studies. Successive rounds of expansion did not however alter cell surface marker expression of the cells. We also show that early cryopreservation of ASCs (at P0) does not affect the adipogenic differentiation potential of the cells.
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Miggitsch C, Meryk A, Naismith E, Pangrazzi L, Ejaz A, Jenewein B, Wagner S, Nägele F, Fenkart G, Trieb K, Zwerschke W, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. Human bone marrow adipocytes display distinct immune regulatory properties. EBioMedicine 2019; 46:387-398. [PMID: 31327694 PMCID: PMC6711052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The bone marrow (BM) is a major reservoir of resting memory T cells and long-lived plasma cells, capable of providing protection against recurrent infections. Whether the age-related accumulation of adipose tissue in the BM affects the functionality and maintenance of memory cells is not well understood. Methods For the first time, we compare human femur marrow adipose tissue (fMAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue of the thigh (tsWAT) obtained from the same donors. Therefore, we used microarrays for comparative global gene expression analysis, and employed assays to analyse parameters of adipocyte biology, inflammation and oxidative stress. Findings We show that fMAT adipocytes differ significantly from tsWAT adipocytes regarding specific gene expression profiles including inflammatory responses and adipogenesis/adipocyte phenotype. Concomitant with considerably lower levels of CD36, a membrane-associated protein important for long-chain fatty acid uptake that is used as maturation marker, fMAT adipocytes are smaller and contain less triglycerides. fMAT adipocytes secrete similar levels of adiponectin and leptin as tsWAT adipocytes, and express increased levels of pro-inflammatory molecules concomitant with an elevated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impaired function of plasma cells in the BM. Interpretation Our findings suggest that fMAT is a unique type of adipose tissue containing small adipocytes with lower CD36 protein and triglyceride levels than tsWAT but high adipokine secretion. Moreover, fMAT adipocytes secrete high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to inflammation and impairment of plasma cell function in the BM, suggesting that fMAT has more immune regulatory functions than tsWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Miggitsch
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Andreas Meryk
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria.
| | - Erin Naismith
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Luca Pangrazzi
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Asim Ejaz
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street 6B Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Brigitte Jenewein
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Sonja Wagner
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria; Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Fabiana Nägele
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Gabriella Fenkart
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria; Department for Genomics, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Klemens Trieb
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Klinikum Wels, Grieskirchner Str. 42, Wels, Upper Austria 4600, Austria; Computed Tomography Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstr. 23, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
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Live Simultaneous Monitoring of Mineral Deposition and Lipid Accumulation in Differentiating Stem Cells. Biomimetics (Basel) 2019; 4:biomimetics4030048. [PMID: 31295946 PMCID: PMC6784299 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics4030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are progenitors for bone-forming osteoblasts and lipid-storing adipocytes, two major lineages co-existing in bone marrow. When isolated in vitro, these stem cells recapitulate osteoblast or adipocyte formation if treated with specialised media, modelling how these lineages interact in vivo. Osteogenic differentiation is characterised by mineral deposits accumulating in the extracellular matrix, typically assessed using histological techniques. Adipogenesis occurs with accumulation of intracellular lipids that can be routinely visualised by Oil Red O staining. In both cases, staining requires cell fixation and is thus limited to end-point assessments. Here, a vital staining approach was developed to simultaneously detect mineral deposits and lipid droplets in differentiating cultures. Stem cells induced to differentiate produced mixed cultures containing adipocytes and bone-like nodules, and after two weeks live cultures were incubated with tetracycline hydrochloride and Bodipy to label mineral- and lipid-containing structures, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy showed the simultaneous visualisation of mineralised areas and lipid-filled adipocytes in live cultures. Combined with the nuclear stain Hoechst 33258, this approach further enabled live confocal imaging of adipogenic cells interspersed within the mineralised matrix. This multiplex labelling was repeated at subsequent time-points, demonstrating the potential of this new approach for the real-time high-precision imaging of live stem cells.
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15
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Dessels C, Pepper MS. Reference Gene Expression in Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Undergoing Adipogenic Differentiation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:353-366. [PMID: 31062665 PMCID: PMC6589494 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT As the use of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) in clinical trials increases, so does the amount of experimental data from research groups, many of which use human ASCs to study adipogenesis in obesity. Different conditions are constantly being applied to ASCs in vitro, to obtain a therapeutic product for potential downstream applications. Few articles have looked at the effect of different conditions on ASC reference gene (RG) expression and stability, which was the aim of this research, as such this article will assist other researchers to make an informed decision about RG selection for gene expression studies using ASCs including those for adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Dessels
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael Sean Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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16
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Sarigil O, Anil-Inevi M, Yilmaz E, Mese G, Tekin HC, Ozcivici E. Label-free density-based detection of adipocytes of bone marrow origin using magnetic levitation. Analyst 2019; 144:2942-2953. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02503g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The first report on application of magnetic levitation technology for detection of adipogenic cells based on single cell density measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyku Sarigil
- Department of Bioengineering
- Izmir Institute of Technology
- Urla
- Turkey
| | - Muge Anil-Inevi
- Department of Bioengineering
- Izmir Institute of Technology
- Urla
- Turkey
| | - Esra Yilmaz
- Department of Bioengineering
- Izmir Institute of Technology
- Urla
- Turkey
| | - Gulistan Mese
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
- Izmir Institute of Technology
- Urla
- Turkey
| | - H. Cumhur Tekin
- Department of Bioengineering
- Izmir Institute of Technology
- Urla
- Turkey
| | - Engin Ozcivici
- Department of Bioengineering
- Izmir Institute of Technology
- Urla
- Turkey
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17
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Dessels C, Durandt C, Pepper MS. Comparison of human platelet lysate alternatives using expired and freshly isolated platelet concentrates for adipose-derived stromal cell expansion. Platelets 2018; 30:356-367. [PMID: 29553865 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1445840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pooled human platelet lysate (pHPL) has been used to expand adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) and can be formulated using fresh or expired buffy coats (BCs) which are then resuspended in either plasma or an additive solution. Not much is known about the effects that expired products and additive solutions have on ASC expansion, and the need for quality control and release criteria has been expressed. This pilot study compared proliferation, cell size, morphology and immunophenotype of ASCs expanded in the different pHPL alternatives versus foetal bovine serum (FBS). Quality control criteria were assessed prior to and during the manufacture of the pHPL alternatives. ASCs were then expanded in 1%, 2.5%, 5% or 10% of the different pHPL alternatives or in 10% FBS. Cell size, morphology, cell number and immunophenotype were measured using microscopy and flow cytometry. The majority of the pHPL alternatives were within the recommended ranges for the quality control criteria. ASCs expanded in the pHPL alternatives were smaller in size, displayed a tighter spindle-shaped morphology, increased cell growth and had a similar immunophenotype (with the exception of CD34 and CD36) when compared to ASCs expanded in FBS. Here we report on the effects that expired BC products and additive solutions have on ASC expansion. When taken together, our findings indicate that all of the pHPL alternatives can be considered to be suitable replacements for FBS for ASC expansion, and that expired BC products can be used as an alternative to fresh BC products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Dessels
- a Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - Chrisna Durandt
- a Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- a Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
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18
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Gao H, Volat F, Sandhow L, Galitzky J, Nguyen T, Esteve D, Åström G, Mejhert N, Ledoux S, Thalamas C, Arner P, Guillemot JC, Qian H, Rydén M, Bouloumié A. CD36 Is a Marker of Human Adipocyte Progenitors with Pronounced Adipogenic and Triglyceride Accumulation Potential. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1799-1814. [PMID: 28470788 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) expands in part through adipogenesis, a process involving fat cell generation and fatty acid (FA) storage into triglycerides (TGs). Several findings suggest that inter-individual and regional variations in adipogenesis are linked to metabolic complications. We aimed to identify cellular markers that define human adipocyte progenitors (APs) with pronounced adipogenic/TG storage ability. Using an unbiased single cell screen of passaged human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSCs), we identified cell clones with similar proliferation rates but discordant capabilities to undergo adipogenic differentiation. Transcriptomic analyses prior to induction of differentiation showed that adipogenic clones displayed a significantly higher expression of CD36, encoding the scavenger receptor CD36. CD36+ hADSCs, in comparison with CD36-cells, displayed almost complete adipogenic differentiation while CD36 RNAi attenuated lipid accumulation. Similar findings were observed in primary CD45-/CD34+/CD31-APs isolated from human WAT where the subpopulation of MSCA1+/CD36+ cells displayed a significantly higher differentiation degree/TG storage capacity than MSCA1+/CD36-cells. Functional analyses in vitro and ex vivo confirmed that CD36 conferred APs an increased capacity to take up FAs thereby facilitating terminal differentiation. Among primary APs from subcutaneous femoral, abdominal and visceral human WAT, the fraction of CD36+ cells was significantly higher in depots associated with higher adipogenesis and reduced metabolic risk (i.e., femoral WAT). We conclude that CD36 marks APs with pronounced adipogenic potential, most probably by facilitating lipid uptake. This may be of value in developing human adipocyte cell clones and possibly in linking regional variations in adipogenesis to metabolic phenotype. Stem Cells 2017;35:1799-1814.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, White/cytology
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipogenesis/genetics
- Adipose Tissue, White/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adult
- Antigens, CD34/genetics
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Biological Transport
- CD36 Antigens/antagonists & inhibitors
- CD36 Antigens/genetics
- CD36 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/genetics
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Primary Cell Culture
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Transcriptome
- Triglycerides/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fanny Volat
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Team 1, INSERM and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, Cedex, 4, France
- Sanofi Aventis Research & Development, Translational Sciences, Biochemistry Team, Chilly-Mazarin, Cedex, France
| | - Lakshmi Sandhow
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge HERM, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean Galitzky
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Team 1, INSERM and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, Cedex, 4, France
| | - Thuy Nguyen
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital L. Mourier (APHP), Colombes, Cedex, France
| | - David Esteve
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Team 1, INSERM and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, Cedex, 4, France
| | - Gaby Åström
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, C2-94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, C2-94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Severine Ledoux
- Centre de L'obésité, Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital L. Mourier (APHP) and Faculté Paris Diderot, Colombes, Cedex, France
| | - Claire Thalamas
- Centre D'investigation Clinique, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, Cedex, 3, France
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, C2-94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Claude Guillemot
- Sanofi Aventis Research & Development, Translational Sciences, Biochemistry Team, Chilly-Mazarin, Cedex, France
| | - Hong Qian
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge HERM, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, C2-94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Team 1, INSERM and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, Cedex, 4, France
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Boumelhem BB, Assinder SJ, Bell-Anderson KS, Fraser ST. Flow cytometric single cell analysis reveals heterogeneity between adipose depots. Adipocyte 2017; 6:112-123. [PMID: 28453382 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2017.1319536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding adipose tissue heterogeneity is hindered by the paucity of methods to analyze mature adipocytes at the single cell level. Here, we report a system for analyzing live adipocytes from different adipose depots in the adult mouse. Single cell suspensions of buoyant adipocytes were separated from the stromal vascular fraction and analyzed by flow cytometry. Compared to other lipophilic dyes, Nile Red uptake effectively distinguished adipocyte populations. Nile Red fluorescence increased with adipocyte size and granularity and could be combined with MitoTracker® Deep Red or fluorescent antibody labeling to further dissect adipose populations. Epicardial adipocytes exhibited the least mitochondrial membrane depolarization and highest fatty-acid translocase CD36 surface expression. In contrast, brown adipocytes showed low surface CD36 expression. Pregnancy resulted in reduced mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and increased CD36 surface expression in brown and epicardial adipocyte populations respectively. Our protocol revealed unreported heterogeneity between adipose depots and highlights the utility of flow cytometry for screening adipocytes at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badwi B. Boumelhem
- Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Assinder
- Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kim S. Bell-Anderson
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart T. Fraser
- Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Ambele MA, Pepper MS. Identification of transcription factors potentially involved in human adipogenesis in vitro. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:210-222. [PMID: 28546992 PMCID: PMC5441431 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased adiposity in humans leads to obesity, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. We previously conducted an extensive unbiased in vitro transcriptomic analysis of adipogenesis, using human adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs). Here, we have applied computational methods to these data to identify transcription factors (TFs) that constitute the upstream gene regulatory networks potentially, driving adipocyte formation in human ASCs. METHODS We used Affymetrix Transcription Analysis Console™ v3.0 for calculating differentially expressed genes. MATCH™ and F-MATCH™ algorithms for TF identification. STRING v10 to predict protein-protein interactions between TFs. RESULTS A number of TFs that were reported to have a significant role in adipogenesis, as well as novel TFs that have not previously been described in this context, were identified. Thus, 32 upstream TFs were identified, with most belonging to the C2H2-type zinc finger and HOX families, which are potentially involved in regulating most of the differentially expressed genes observed during adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, 17 important upstream TFs were found to have increased regulatory effects on their downstream target genes and were consistently up-regulated during the differentiation process. A strong hypothetical functional interaction was observed among these TFs, which supports their common role in the downstream regulation of gene expression during adipogenesis. CONCLUSION Our results support several previous findings on TFs involved in adipogenesis and thereby validate the comprehensive and systematic in silico approach described in this study. In silico analysis also allowed for the identification of novel regulators of adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Anyasi Ambele
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular MedicineSAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and TherapyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Michael Sean Pepper
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular MedicineSAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and TherapyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
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21
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de Villiers D, Potgieter M, Ambele MA, Adam L, Durandt C, Pepper MS. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Adipogenic Differentiation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1083:125-144. [PMID: 29139087 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interest in reactive oxygen species and adipocyte differentiation/adipose tissue function is steadily increasing. This is due in part to a search for alternative avenues for combating obesity, which results from the excess accumulation of adipose tissue. Obesity is a major risk factor for complex disorders such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The ability of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into adipocytes is often used as a model for studying adipogenesis in vitro. A key focus is the effect of both intra- and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) on adipogenesis. The consensus from the majority of studies is that ROS, irrespective of the source, promote adipogenesis.The effect of ROS on adipogenesis is suppressed by antioxidants or ROS scavengers. Reactive oxygen species are generated during the process of adipocyte differentiation as well as by other cell metabolic processes. Despite many studies in this field, it is still not possible to state with certainty whether ROS measured during adipocyte differentiation are a cause or consequence of this process. In addition, it is still unclear what the exact sources are of the ROS that initiate and/or drive adipogenic differentiation in MSCs in vivo. This review provides an overview of our understanding of the role of ROS in adipocyte differentiation as well as how certain ROS scavengers and antioxidants might affect this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle de Villiers
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marnie Potgieter
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Melvin A Ambele
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ladislaus Adam
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Chrisna Durandt
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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22
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Dzobo K, Turnley T, Wishart A, Rowe A, Kallmeyer K, van Vollenstee FA, Thomford NE, Dandara C, Chopera D, Pepper MS, Parker MI. Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix Induces Chondrogenic Differentiation in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1259. [PMID: 27527147 PMCID: PMC5000657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) represent an area being intensively researched for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. MSCs may provide the opportunity to treat diseases and injuries that currently have limited therapeutic options, as well as enhance present strategies for tissue repair. The cellular environment has a significant role in cellular development and differentiation through cell-matrix interactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of adipose-derived MSCs (ad-MSCs) in the context of a cell-derived matrix so as to model the in vivo physiological microenvironment. The fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix (fd-ECM) did not affect ad-MSC morphology, but reduced ad-MSC proliferation. Ad-MSCs cultured on fd-ECM displayed decreased expression of integrins α2 and β1 and subsequently lost their multipotency over time, as shown by the decrease in CD44, Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), SOX2, and NANOG gene expression. The fd-ECM induced chondrogenic differentiation in ad-MSCs compared to control ad-MSCs. Loss of function studies, through the use of siRNA and a mutant Notch1 construct, revealed that ECM-mediated ad-MSCs chondrogenesis requires Notch1 and β-catenin signaling. The fd-ECM also showed anti-senescence effects on ad-MSCs. The fd-ECM is a promising approach for inducing chondrogenesis in ad-MSCs and chondrogenic differentiated ad-MSCs could be used in stem cell therapy procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Taegyn Turnley
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Andrew Wishart
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Arielle Rowe
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Karlien Kallmeyer
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Fiona A van Vollenstee
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Nicholas E Thomford
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Denis Chopera
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - M Iqbal Parker
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
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Genome-wide analysis of gene expression during adipogenesis in human adipose-derived stromal cells reveals novel patterns of gene expression during adipocyte differentiation. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:725-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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