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Borsato G, Carnio F, Lunardon S, Moletta M, Pavan G, Terrin F, Scarso A, Plotegher N, Fabris F. A β-Glucosyl Sterol Probe for in situ Fluorescent Labelling in Neuronal Cells to Investigate Neurodegenerative Diseases. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400778. [PMID: 38770991 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
A β-glucosyl sterol probe bearing a terminal alkyne moiety for fluorescent tagging enables the investigation of the neuronal and intracellular localization of this class of compounds involved in neurodegenerative diseases. The compound showed localization in the neuronal cells, with marked differences in the uptake and metabolism leading to enhanced persistence with respect to the un-glycosylated sterol analogue. In addition, a different impact was observed towards lysosomes, with the simple sterol probe showing the enlargement of the lysosome structures, while the β-glucosyl sterol was less capable to alter the morphology of this specific organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Borsato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre Venezia, Italy
| | - Francesco Carnio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre Venezia, Italy
| | - Sara Lunardon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre Venezia, Italy
| | - Mattia Moletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre Venezia, Italy
| | - Giulio Pavan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre Venezia, Italy
| | - Francesca Terrin
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, viale G. Colombo 3, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scarso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre Venezia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Plotegher
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, viale G. Colombo 3, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fabris
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre Venezia, Italy
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2
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Ahn JH, Johnny CL, Chenoweth DM. Duo-Chol: A Photoconvertible Live Cell Imaging Tool for Tracking Cholesterol. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:890-896. [PMID: 38913976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Investigating cholesterol trafficking pathways continues to be of significant scientific interest owing to its homeostasis being associated with several debilitating cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases including atherosclerosis, Niemann-Pick's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. To further our understanding of cholesterol trafficking, it is imperative to develop new fluorescent probes that possess improved photostability, low efflux, and high spatial and temporal resolution for live-cell imaging. In this study, we developed a photoconvertible fluorescent cholesterol analog, Duo-Chol, enabling the improved spatiotemporal fluorescence imaging of the dynamic localization of cholesterol in live cells. This tool provides a unique and powerful approach to interrogating cholesterol dynamics, addressing the limitations of existing methods, and expanding our ability to probe the biological role of sterols in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- June H Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher L Johnny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David M Chenoweth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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3
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Mizutani M, Kuroda S, Oku M, Aoki W, Masuya T, Miyoshi H, Murai M. Identification of proteins involved in intracellular ubiquinone trafficking in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using artificial ubiquinone probe. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149147. [PMID: 38906315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquinone (UQ) is an essential player in the respiratory electron transfer system. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains lacking the ability to synthesize UQ6, exogenously supplied UQs can be taken up and delivered to mitochondria through an unknown mechanism, restoring the growth of UQ6-deficient yeast in non-fermentable medium. Since elucidating the mechanism responsible may markedly contribute to therapeutic strategies for patients with UQ deficiency, many attempts have been made to identify the machinery involved in UQ trafficking in the yeast model. However, definite experimental evidence of the direct interaction of UQ with a specific protein(s) has not yet been demonstrated. To gain insight into intracellular UQ trafficking via a chemistry-based strategy, we synthesized a hydrophobic UQ probe (pUQ5), which has a photoreactive diazirine group attached to a five-unit isoprenyl chain and a terminal alkyne to visualize and/or capture the labeled proteins via click chemistry. pUQ5 successfully restored the growth of UQ6-deficient S. cerevisiae (Δcoq2) on a non-fermentable carbon source, indicating that this UQ was taken up and delivered to mitochondria, and served as a UQ substrate of respiratory enzymes. Through photoaffinity labeling of the mitochondria isolated from Δcoq2 yeast cells cultured in the presence of pUQ5, we identified many labeled proteins, including voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 (Cox3). The physiological relevance of UQ binding to these proteins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirai Mizutani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seina Kuroda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Oku
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masuya
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyoshi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Murai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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4
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Yu W, Baskin JM. Photoaffinity labeling approaches to elucidate lipid-protein interactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 69:102173. [PMID: 35724595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-protein interactions serve as the basis for many of the diverse roles of lipids. However, these noncovalent binding events are often weak, transient, or dependent upon environmental cues. Photoaffinity labeling can preserve these interactions under native conditions, enabling their biochemical profiling. Typically, photoaffinity labeling probes contain a diazirine photocrosslinker and a click chemistry handle for enrichment and downstream analysis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding the mechanisms of diazirine photocrosslinking, and we provide an overview of recent applications of photoaffinity labeling to reveal the interactions of diverse types of lipids with specific members of the proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy M Baskin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA.
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5
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Sterolight as imaging tool to study sterol uptake, trafficking and efflux in living cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6264. [PMID: 35428843 PMCID: PMC9012876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about cholesterol subcellular localization and transport pathways inside cells is essential for understanding and treatment of cholesterol-related diseases. However, there is a lack of reliable tools to monitor it. This work follows the fate of Sterolight, a BODIPY-labelled sterol, within the cell and demonstrates it as a suitable probe for visualization of sterol/lipid trafficking. Sterolight enters cells through an energy-independent process and knockdown experiments suggest caveolin-1 as its potential cellular carrier. Intracellular transport of Sterolight is a rapid process, and transfer from ER and mitochondria to lysosomes and later to lipid droplets requires the participation of active microtubules, as it can be inhibited by the microtubule disruptor nocodazole. Excess of the probe is actively exported from cells, in addition to being stored in lipid droplets, to re-establish the sterol balance. Efflux occurs through a mechanism requiring energy and may be selectively poisoned with verapamil or blocked in cells with mutated cholesterol transporter NPC1. Sterolight is efficiently transferred within and between different cell populations, making it suitable for monitoring numerous aspects of sterol biology, including the live tracking and visualization of intracellular and intercellular transport.
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6
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Jurášek M, Valečka J, Novotný I, Kejík Z, Fähnrich J, Marešová A, Tauchen J, Bartůněk P, Dolenský B, Jakubek M, Drašar PB, Králová J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of cationic TopFluor cholesterol analogues. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105410. [PMID: 34700109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is not only a major component of the cell membrane, but also plays an important role in a wide range of biological processes and pathologies. It is therefore crucial to develop appropriate tools for visualizing intracellular cholesterol transport. Here, we describe new cationic analogues of BODIPY-Cholesterol (TopFluor-Cholesterol, TF-Chol), which combine a positive charge on the sterol side chain and a BODIPY group connected via a C-4 linker. In contrast to TF-Chol, the new analogues TF-1 and TF-3 possessing acetyl groups on the A ring (C-3 position on steroid) internalized much faster and displayed slightly different levels of intracellular localization. Their applicability for cholesterol monitoring was indicated by the fact that they strongly label compartments with accumulated cholesterol in cells carrying a mutation of the Niemann-Pick disease-associated cholesterol transporter, NPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Jurášek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Valečka
- Light microscopy core facility, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Novotný
- Light microscopy core facility, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kejík
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fähnrich
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Marešová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tauchen
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bartůněk
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Dolenský
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel B Drašar
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Králová
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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7
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Schoop V, Martello A, Eden ER, Höglinger D. Cellular cholesterol and how to find it. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158989. [PMID: 34118431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of eukaryotic cellular membranes. Information about its subcellular localization and transport pathways inside cells are key for the understanding and treatment of cholesterol-related diseases. In this review we give an overview over the most commonly used methods that contributed to our current understanding of subcellular cholesterol localization and transport routes. First, we discuss methods that provide insights into cholesterol metabolism based on readouts of downstream effects such as esterification. Subsequently, we focus on the use of cholesterol-binding molecules as probes that facilitate visualization and quantification of sterols inside of cells. Finally, we explore different analogues of cholesterol which, when taken up by living cells, are integrated and transported in a similar fashion as endogenous sterols. Taken together, we highlight the challenges and advantages of each method such that researchers studying aspects of cholesterol transport may choose the most pertinent approach for their problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Schoop
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Martello
- University College London (UCL), Institute of Ophthalmology, EC1V 9EL London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily R Eden
- University College London (UCL), Institute of Ophthalmology, EC1V 9EL London, United Kingdom
| | - Doris Höglinger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Krishnan K, Qian M, Feltes M, Chen ZW, Gale S, Wang L, Sugasawa Y, Reichert DE, Schaffer JE, Ory DS, Evers AS, Covey DF. Validation of Trifluoromethylphenyl Diazirine Cholesterol Analogues As Cholesterol Mimetics and Photolabeling Reagents. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1493-1507. [PMID: 34355883 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aliphatic diazirine analogues of cholesterol have been used previously to elaborate the cholesterol proteome and identify cholesterol binding sites on proteins. Cholesterol analogues containing the trifluoromethylphenyl diazirine (TPD) group have not been reported. Both classes of diazirines have been prepared for neurosteroid photolabeling studies and their combined use provided information that was not obtainable with either diazirine class alone. Hence, we prepared cholesterol TPD analogues and used them along with previously reported aliphatic diazirine analogues as photoaffinity labeling reagents to obtain additional information on the cholesterol binding sites of the pentameric Gloeobacter ligand-gated ion channel (GLIC). We first validated the TPD analogues as cholesterol substitutes and compared their actions with those of previously reported aliphatic diazirines in cell culture assays. All the probes bound to the same cholesterol binding site on GLIC but with differences in photolabeling efficiencies and residues identified. Photolabeling of mammalian (HEK) cell membranes demonstrated differences in the pattern of proteins labeled by the two classes of probes. Collectively, these date indicate that cholesterol photoaffinity labeling reagents containing an aliphatic diazirine or TPD group provide complementary information and will both be useful tools in future studies of cholesterol biology.
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9
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Etsè KS, Etsè KD, Nyssen P, Mouithys-Mickalad A. Assessment of anti-inflammatory-like, antioxidant activities and molecular docking of three alkynyl-substituted 3-ylidene-dihydrobenzo[d]isothiazole 1,1-dioxide derivatives. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 344:109513. [PMID: 33974901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of enyne and benzoisothiazole functions in the molecular architecture of compounds 1, 2 and 3 were expected to provide biochemical activities. In the present work, we first examined the molecular surface contact of three alkynyl-substituted 3-ylidenedihydrobenzo[d] isothiazole 1,1-dioxides. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces reveals that only compound 3 exhibited a well-defined red spots, indicating intermolecular interactions identified as S-O⋯H, C-H⋯O and C-O⋯H contacts. Comparative fingerprint histograms of the three compounds show that close pair interactions are dominated by C-H⋯H-C contact. By UV-visible analysis, compound 1 showed the most intense absorbances at 407 and 441 nm, respectively. The radical scavenging activity explored in the DPPH test, shows that only 1 exhibited low anti-radical activity. Furthermore, cellular antioxidant capacity of benzoisothiazoles 1-3 was investigated with PMA-activated HL-60 cells using chemiluminescence and fluorescence techniques in the presence of L-012 and Amplex Red probe, respectively. Results highlight that compound 1 exhibited moderate anti-ROS capacity while compounds 2 and 3 enhanced ROS production. The cytotoxicity test performed on HL-60 cells, using the MTS assay, confirmed the lack of toxicity of the tested benzoisothiazole 1 compared to 2 and 3 which show low cytotoxicity (≤30%). Anti-catalytic activity was evaluated by following the inhibitory potential of the benzoisothiazoles on MPO activity and depicted benzoisothiazoles-MPO interactions by docking. Both SIEFED and docking studies demonstrated an anti-catalytic activity of the tested benzoisothiazoles towards MPO with the best activity for compound 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koffi Sénam Etsè
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Quartier Ho^pital B36 Av. Hippocrate 15 B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Kodjo Djidjolé Etsè
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétales (LPBV), Faculté des Sciences (FDS), Université de Lomé (UL), Lomé, Togo
| | - Pauline Nyssen
- Biomedical Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, CESAM, ULiège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ange Mouithys-Mickalad
- Center for Oxygen, Research and Development (CORD) and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicine (CIRM) Institute of Chemistry University of Liège, Sart-Tilman (B.6a), 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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10
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Ford DA. A BOSSS platform: using functionalized lipids and click chemistry for new discoveries in lipid research. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100025. [PMID: 33460685 PMCID: PMC7903331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David A Ford
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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11
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O'Brien JGK, Jemas A, Asare-Okai PN, Am Ende CW, Fox JM. Probing the Mechanism of Photoaffinity Labeling by Dialkyldiazirines through Bioorthogonal Capture of Diazoalkanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:9415-9420. [PMID: 33259213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dialkyldiazirines have emerged as reagents of choice for biological photoaffinity labeling studies. The mechanism of crosslinking has dramatic consequences for biological applications where instantaneous labeling is desirable, as carbene insertions display different chemoselectivity and are much faster than competing mechanisms involving diazo or ylide intermediates. Here, deuterium labeling and diazo compound trapping experiments are employed to demonstrate that both carbene and diazo mechanisms operate in the reactions of a dialkyldiazirine motif that is commonly utilized for biological applications. For the fraction of intermolecular labeling that does involve a carbene mechanism, direct insertion is not necessarily involved, as products derived from a carbonyl ylide are also observed. We demonstrate that a strained cycloalkyne can intercept diazo compound intermediates and serve as a bioorthogonal probe for studying the contribution of the diazonium mechanism of photoaffinity labeling on a model protein under aqueous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G K O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Andrew Jemas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Papa Nii Asare-Okai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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12
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Tsukidate T, Li Q, Hang HC. Targeted and proteome-wide analysis of metabolite-protein interactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 54:19-27. [PMID: 31790852 PMCID: PMC7131882 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of endogenous and environmental metabolites is crucial for basic biology and drug discovery. With the genome, proteome, and metabolome of many organisms being readily available, researchers now have the opportunity to dissect how key metabolites regulate complex cellular pathways in vivo. Nonetheless, characterizing the specific and functional protein targets of key metabolites associated with specific cellular phenotypes remains a major challenge. Innovations in chemical biology are now poised to address this fundamental limitation in physiology and disease. In this review, we highlight recent advances in chemoproteomics for targeted and proteome-wide analysis of metabolite-protein interactions that have enabled the discovery of unpredicted metabolite-protein interactions and facilitated the development of new small molecule therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Tsukidate
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Qiang Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Howard C Hang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, United States.
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13
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Feltes M, Gale SE, Moores S, Ory DS, Schaffer JE. Monitoring the itinerary of lysosomal cholesterol in Niemann-Pick Type C1-deficient cells after cyclodextrin treatment. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:403-412. [PMID: 31988149 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) disease is a lipid-storage disorder that is caused by mutations in the genes encoding NPC proteins and results in lysosomal cholesterol accumulation. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD) has been shown to reduce lysosomal cholesterol levels and enhance sterol homeostatic responses, but CD's mechanism of action remains unknown. Recent work provides evidence that CD stimulates lysosomal exocytosis, raising the possibility that lysosomal cholesterol is released in exosomes. However, therapeutic concentrations of CD do not alter total cellular cholesterol, and cholesterol homeostatic responses at the ER are most consistent with increased ER membrane cholesterol. To address these disparate findings, here we used stable isotope labeling to track the movement of lipoprotein cholesterol cargo in response to CD in NPC1-deficient U2OS cells. Although released cholesterol was detectable, it was not associated with extracellular vesicles. Rather, we demonstrate that lysosomal cholesterol trafficks to the plasma membrane (PM), where it exchanges with lipoprotein-bound cholesterol in a CD-dependent manner. We found that in the absence of suitable extracellular cholesterol acceptors, cholesterol exchange is abrogated, cholesterol accumulates in the PM, and reesterification at the ER is increased. These results support a model in which CD promotes intracellular redistribution of lysosomal cholesterol, but not cholesterol exocytosis or efflux, during the restoration of cholesterol homeostatic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenna Feltes
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sarah E Gale
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Samantha Moores
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jean E Schaffer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO .,Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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