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Secades JJ, Gareri P. Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2022 update. Rev Neurol 2022; 75:S1-S89. [PMID: 36544369 PMCID: PMC10548481 DOI: 10.33588/rn.75s05.2022311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review is based on the previous one published in 2016 (Secades JJ. Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2016 update. Rev Neurol 2016; 63 (Supl 3): S1-S73), incorporating 176 new references, having all the information available in the same document to facilitate the access to the information in one document. This review is focused on the main indications of the drug, as acute stroke and its sequelae, including the cognitive impairment, and traumatic brain injury and its sequelae. There are retrieved the most important experimental and clinical data in both indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio J. Secades
- Medical Department. Grupo Ferrer, S.A.
Barcelona, SpainMedical DepartmentGrupo Ferrer, S.A.BarcelonaSpain
| | - Pietro Gareri
- Center for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia -
Catanzaro Lido. ASP Catanzaro. Catanzaro, ItalyCenter for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia -
Catanzaro LidoCenter for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia -
Catanzaro LidoCatanzaroItaly
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2
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Shi M, Zhang R, Jin Q, Cui Y, Shi J, Chen X, Shi T, Zhang Y, Zhu S, Zong X, Xu J, Wang C, Li L. Subacute sarin exposure disrupted the homeostasis of purine and pyrimidine metabolism in guinea pig striatum studied by integrated metabolomic, lipidomic and proteomic analysis. Toxicol Lett 2022; 367:48-58. [PMID: 35868497 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sarin was used as a chemical weapon due to its high neurotoxicity and mortality. Subacute sarin induced cognitive and behavioral disorder. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here we offered a multi-omic approach for the analysis of altered metabolites, lipids, and proteins to explore the neurotoxicity of subacute sarin. Guinea pigs were administered between the shoulder blades 16.8 μg/kg of sarin in a volume of 1.0 ml/kg body weight by subcutaneous injection once daily for 14 days. At the end of the final injection, guinea pigs were sacrificed, and striatum were dissected for analysis. A total of 138 different metabolites were identified in the metabolome analysis. Lipids and lipid-like molecules is the largest group (38.41%). For lipidomic analysis, a total of 216 lipids were identified. In proteomic study, over 4300 proteins were identified and quantified. By integrating these enriched components, we demonstrated that the joint pathways disturbed by subacute sarin mainly involving lipid, purine and pyrimidine metabolism in guinea pig striatum. Overall, this study highlights the powerfulness of omics platforms to deepen the understanding of nerve agents caused neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Qian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Yalan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Tong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Siqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xingxing Zong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Jianfu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Liqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
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3
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High-throughput metabolomics reveals dysregulation of hydrophobic metabolomes in cancer cell lines by Eleusine indica. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9347. [PMID: 35668092 PMCID: PMC9168358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleusine indica, which is used in traditional medicine, exhibits antiproliferative activity against several cancer cell lines. However, metabolomic studies to evaluate the metabolite changes induced by E. indica in cancer cells are still lacking. The present study investigated the anticancer effects of a root fraction of E. indica (R-S5-C1-H1) on H1299, MCF-7, and SK-HEP-1 cell lines and analyzed metabolic changes in the treated cancer cells using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Cell metabolic activity assays demonstrated that the cell viability of the three cancer cell lines was significantly reduced following treatment with R-S5-C1-H1, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations values of 12.95 µg/mL, 15.99 µg/mL, and 13.69 µg/mL at 72 h, respectively. Microscopy analysis using Hoechst 33342 and Annexin V fluorescent dyes revealed that cells treated with R-S5-C1-H1 underwent apoptotic cell death, while chemometric analysis suggested that apoptosis was triggered 48 h after treatment with R-S5-C1-H1. Deconvoluted cellular metabolomics revealed that hydrophobic metabolites were significantly altered, including triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and ceramide, suggesting that apoptosis induction by R-S5-C1-H1 potentially occurred through modulation of phospholipid synthesis and sphingolipid metabolism. These metabolomic profiling results provide new insights into the anticancer mechanisms of E. indica and facilitate the overall understanding of molecular events following therapeutic interventions.
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Promoting Effect of Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase Gene (pcyt-1) on Departure of Pinewood Nematode from Monochamus alternatus. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the key gene in internal causes of pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a departure from its vector beetle, Monochamus alternatus, we collected PWNs extracted from newly emerged M. alternatus and beetles 7 days after emergence. The total RNAs of the two groups of PWNs were extracted, transcriptomes sequencing was performed, and gene expression differences between the two groups of PWN were analyzed. It was found that the expression of the choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase gene (pcyt-1) was markedly up-regulated. After inhibition of pcyt-1 expression by RNA interference, the rate of lipid degradation in PWN decreased significantly, and the motility of PWN also decreased significantly. The analysis identified that phosphatidylcholine could promote the emulsification and degradation of neutral lipid granules in PWN, which provides sufficient energy for PWN departure from M. alternatus. The up-regulation of the gene pcyt-1 is an important internal factor for PWN departure from its vector.
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5
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Abdel-Aziz N, Moustafa EM, Saada HN. The impact of citicoline on brain injury in rats subjected to head irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:9742-9752. [PMID: 33155111 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hazard and risk associated with the use of radiotherapy play a crucial role in brain injury with interference via the neuroendocrine activity of the cancer survivors, and there is no effective preventive strategy. We conducted this study to assess the effect of citicoline in biosynthesis variants occurring in the cerebral cortex of rats in response to head γ-irradiation. Bio-analysis includes MDA, 8-OHdG, and NO as oxidation indicators; total antioxidant activity; the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and amyloid-β 42 levels; the caspase-3 cell death marker; IGF-I; serum hormones including GH, ACTH, FSH, and LH; and the neurotransmitters acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin. We exposed animals to 10 Gy head gamma irradiation followed by citicoline treatment and sustained for 30 days. The animals were sacrificed at the 3rd and 30th day post-irradiation. Citicoline mechanism has been linked to potent radical reduced ability counteracting the oxidative stress-mediated inflammation and apoptosis. Citicoline treatment has normalized the altering recorded in serum hormones associated with a significant modulation in the levels of IGF-1/PI3K/AKT factors. Such improvements have been concomitant with regulated neurotransmitter levels. We could conclude that citicoline may safely be supplemented to avoid both short- and long-term damages to the neuroendocrine disturbances, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis induced by head irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas M Moustafa
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Helen N Saada
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Ghini V, Senzacqua T, Massai L, Gamberi T, Messori L, Turano P. NMR reveals the metabolic changes induced by auranofin in A2780 cancer cells: evidence for glutathione dysregulation. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6349-6355. [PMID: 33885689 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00750e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
NMR metabolomics represents a powerful tool to characterize the cellular effects of drugs and gain detailed insight into their mode of action. Here, we have exploited NMR metabolomics to illustrate the changes in the metabolic profile of A2780 ovarian cancer cells elicited by auranofin (AF), a clinically approved gold drug now repurposed as an anticancer agent. An early and large increase in intracellular glutathione is highlighted as the main effect of the treatment accompanied by small but significant changes in the levels of a few additional metabolites; the general implications of these findings are discussed in the frame of the current mechanistic knowledge of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ghini
- Center of Magnetic Resonance, University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy. and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Tommaso Senzacqua
- Center of Magnetic Resonance, University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Lara Massai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, viale Morgagni 50, Firenze, Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Paola Turano
- Center of Magnetic Resonance, University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy. and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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7
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Lee J, Salsman J, Foster J, Dellaire G, Ridgway ND. Lipid-associated PML structures assemble nuclear lipid droplets containing CCTα and Lipin1. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/8/e202000751. [PMID: 32461215 PMCID: PMC7266991 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PML proteins assemble into noncanonical lipid-associated PML structures (LAPS) on nuclear lipid droplets, which recruit CCTα and Lipin1 for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol. Nuclear lipid droplets (nLDs) form on the inner nuclear membrane by a mechanism involving promyelocytic leukemia (PML), the protein scaffold of PML nuclear bodies. We report that PML structures on nLDs in oleate-treated U2OS cells, referred to as lipid-associated PML structures (LAPS), differ from canonical PML nuclear bodies by the relative absence of SUMO1, SP100, and DAXX. These nLDs were also enriched in CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase α (CCTα), the phosphatidic acid phosphatase Lipin1, and DAG. Translocation of CCTα onto nLDs was mediated by its α-helical M-domain but was not correlated with its activator DAG. High-resolution imaging revealed that CCTα and LAPS occupied distinct polarized regions on nLDs. PML knockout U2OS (PML KO) cells lacking LAPS had a 40–50% reduction in nLDs with associated CCTα, and residual nLDs were almost devoid of Lipin1 and DAG. As a result, phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol synthesis was inhibited in PML KO cells. We conclude that in response to excess exogenous fatty acids, LAPS are required to assemble nLDs that are competent to recruit CCTα and Lipin1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jayme Salsman
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jason Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada .,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Neale D Ridgway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada .,Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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8
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Yue L, McPhee MJ, Gonzalez K, Charman M, Lee J, Thompson J, Winkler DFH, Cornell RB, Pelech S, Ridgway ND. Differential dephosphorylation of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase upon translocation to nuclear membranes and lipid droplets. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1047-1059. [PMID: 32186954 PMCID: PMC7346725 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-01-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase-alpha (CCTα) and CCTβ catalyze the rate-limiting step in phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis. CCTα is activated by association of its α-helical M-domain with nuclear membranes, which is negatively regulated by phosphorylation of the adjacent P-domain. To understand how phosphorylation regulates CCT activity, we developed phosphosite-specific antibodies for pS319 and pY359+pS362 at the N- and C-termini of the P-domain, respectively. Oleate treatment of cultured cells triggered CCTα translocation to the nuclear envelope (NE) and nuclear lipid droplets (nLDs) and rapid dephosphorylation of pS319. Removal of oleate led to dissociation of CCTα from the NE and increased phosphorylation of S319. Choline depletion of cells also caused CCTα translocation to the NE and S319 dephosphorylation. In contrast, Y359 and S362 were constitutively phosphorylated during oleate addition and removal, and CCTα-pY359+pS362 translocated to the NE and nLDs of oleate-treated cells. Mutagenesis revealed that phosphorylation of S319 is regulated independently of Y359+S362, and that CCTα-S315D+S319D was defective in localization to the NE. We conclude that the P-domain undergoes negative charge polarization due to dephosphorylation of S319 and possibly other proline-directed sites and retention of Y359 and S362 phosphorylation, and that dephosphorylation of S319 and S315 is involved in CCTα recruitment to nuclear membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambert Yue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Michael J McPhee
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kevin Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Mark Charman
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jonghwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jordan Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Dirk F H Winkler
- Kinexus Bioinformatics Corporation, Vancouver, BC V6P 6T3, Canada
| | - Rosemary B Cornell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Steven Pelech
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.,Kinexus Bioinformatics Corporation, Vancouver, BC V6P 6T3, Canada
| | - Neale D Ridgway
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Gan D, Wu S, Chen B, Zhang J. Application of the Zebrafish Traumatic Brain Injury Model in Assessing Cerebral Inflammation. Zebrafish 2019; 17:73-82. [PMID: 31825288 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public and socioeconomic problem throughout the world. The establishment of an effective and cost-effective TBI model for developing new therapeutic agents is challenging. Microglia are considered the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) that normally do not enter the brain. As the primary mediators of the innate immune response in the CNS, microglia play a critical role in neuroinflammation and secondary injury after TBI. In this study, we established an in vivo TBI zebrafish model using Tg(coro1a:EGFP) line where the green fluorescent protein-labeled microglia were present. We demonstrated that microglia accumulated rapidly in response to neuronal injuries. To clear away injured neurons and restore the CNS homeostasis, activated microglia secreted two types of functional cytokines, including pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL) of IL-1β and IL-6 and anti-inflammatory factors of IL-4 and IL-10 in the lesioned larvae. Cytidine 5'-Diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), as an effective and clinical neuroprotective drug, could further activate microglia, expressing high levels of il-1β, il-6, il-4, and il-10 in the TBI model. Moreover, CDP-choline reduced neuronal apoptosis and promoted neuronal proliferation around the lesioned site. Based on these results, the TBI model established in this study represents a suitable model for developing new therapeutic agents for CNS-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Gan
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuilong Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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10
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Heterologous expression of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase from Plasmodium falciparum rescues Chinese Hamster Ovary cells deficient in the Kennedy phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8932. [PMID: 29895950 PMCID: PMC5997628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasmodial CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (PfCCT) is a promising antimalarial target, which can be inhibited to exploit the need for increased lipid biosynthesis during the erythrocytic life stage of Plasmodium falciparum. Notable structural and regulatory differences of plasmodial and mammalian CCTs offer the possibility to develop species-specific inhibitors. The aim of this study was to use CHO-MT58 cells expressing a temperature-sensitive mutant CCT for the functional characterization of PfCCT. We show that heterologous expression of wild type PfCCT restores the viability of CHO-MT58 cells at non-permissive (40 °C) temperatures, whereas catalytically perturbed or structurally destabilized PfCCT variants fail to provide rescue. Detailed in vitro characterization indicates that the H630N mutation diminishes the catalytic rate constant of PfCCT. The flow cytometry-based rescue assay provides a quantitative readout of the PfCCT function opening the possibility for the functional analysis of PfCCT and the high throughput screening of antimalarial compounds targeting plasmodial CCT.
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11
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Zhang L, Chen P, Yang S, Li G, Bao W, Wu P, Jiang S. CHKA mediates the poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma and acts as a prognostic indicator. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1849-1853. [PMID: 27588131 PMCID: PMC4998128 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline kinase α (CHKA), the enzyme that converts choline to phosphocholine, has been studied in human carcinogenesis widely. However, the expression and underlying clinicopathological characteristics of CHKA in lung adenocarcinoma remains elusive. In the present study, a tissue microarray of 119 pairs of lung adenocarcinoma samples and corresponding adjacent normal mucosae was used to analysis CHKA expression by immunohistochemistry, and CHKA was observed to exhibit enhanced expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Elevated CHKA expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues at the gene and protein level was observed. The levels of CHKA expression were closely associated with the poor prognosis status of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Furthermore, certain clinicopathological characteristics such as tumor diameter and differentiation were observed to be significant in those lung adenocarcinoma patients who displayed enhanced CHKA expression. The analysis of CHKA expression could provide a more precise way to predict the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Collectively, the present study revealed a novel biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma, and indicated that CHKA may be a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Shen Yang
- Department of Neurology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Bao
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Shujuan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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12
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Martynov MY, Gusev EI. Current knowledge on the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke. J Exp Pharmacol 2015; 7:17-28. [PMID: 27186142 PMCID: PMC4863531 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s63544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of long-lasting disability and death. Two main strategies have been proposed for the treatment of ischemic stroke: restoration of blood flow by thrombolysis or mechanical thrombus extraction during the first few hours of ischemic stroke, which is one of the most effective treatments and leads to a better functional and clinical outcome. The other direction of treatment, which is potentially applicable to most of the patients with ischemic stroke, is neuroprotection. Initially, neuroprotection was mainly targeted at protecting gray matter, but during the past few years there has been a transition from a neuron-oriented approach toward salvaging the whole neurovascular unit using multimodal drugs. Citicoline is a multimodal drug that exhibits neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects in a variety of experimental and clinical disorders of the central nervous system, including acute and chronic cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage, and global cerebral hypoxia. Citicoline has a prolonged therapeutic window and is active at various temporal and biochemical stages of the ischemic cascade. In acute ischemic stroke, citicoline provides neuroprotection by attenuating glutamate exitotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and blood–brain barrier dysfunction. In the subacute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke, citicoline exhibits neuroregenerative effects and activates neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and angiogenesis and enhances neurotransmitter metabolism. Acute and long-term treatment with citicoline is safe and in most clinical studies is effective and improves functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Yu Martynov
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugeny I Gusev
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Cornell RB, Ridgway ND. CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase: Function, regulation, and structure of an amphitropic enzyme required for membrane biogenesis. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 59:147-71. [PMID: 26165797 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) catalyzes a rate-limiting and regulated step in the CDP-choline pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PC-derived lipids. Control of CCT activity is multi-layered, and includes direct regulation by reversible membrane binding involving a built-in lipid compositional sensor. Thus CCT contributes to phospholipid compositional homeostasis. CCT also modifies the curvature of its target membrane. Knowledge of CCT structure and regulation of its catalytic function are relatively advanced compared to many lipid metabolic enzymes, and are reviewed in detail. Recently the genetic origins of two human developmental and lipogenesis disorders have been traced to mutations in the gene for CCTα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary B Cornell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and the Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. V5A-1S6, Canada.
| | - Neale D Ridgway
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H-4H7, Canada
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14
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Marton L, Nagy GN, Ozohanics O, Lábas A, Krámos B, Oláh J, Vékey K, Vértessy BG. Molecular Mechanism for the Thermo-Sensitive Phenotype of CHO-MT58 Cell Line Harbouring a Mutant CTP:Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129632. [PMID: 26083347 PMCID: PMC4470507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Control and elimination of malaria still represents a major public health challenge. Emerging parasite resistance to current therapies urges development of antimalarials with novel mechanism of action. Phospholipid biosynthesis of the Plasmodium parasite has been validated as promising candidate antimalarial target. The most prevalent de novo pathway for synthesis of phosphatidylcholine is the Kennedy pathway. Its regulatory and often also rate limiting step is catalyzed by CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT). The CHO-MT58 cell line expresses a mutant variant of CCT, and displays a thermo-sensitive phenotype. At non-permissive temperature (40°C), the endogenous CCT activity decreases dramatically, blocking membrane synthesis and ultimately leading to apoptosis. In the present study we investigated the impact of the analogous mutation in a catalytic domain construct of Plasmodium falciparum CCT in order to explore the underlying molecular mechanism that explains this phenotype. We used temperature dependent enzyme activity measurements and modeling to investigate the functionality of the mutant enzyme. Furthermore, MS measurements were performed to determine the oligomerization state of the protein, and MD simulations to assess the inter-subunit interactions in the dimer. Our results demonstrate that the R681H mutation does not directly influence enzyme catalytic activity. Instead, it provokes increased heat-sensitivity by destabilizing the CCT dimer. This can possibly explain the significance of the PfCCT pseudoheterodimer organization in ensuring proper enzymatic function. This also provide an explanation for the observed thermo-sensitive phenotype of CHO-MT58 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Marton
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for National Sciences, HAS, Budapest Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely N. Nagy
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for National Sciences, HAS, Budapest Hungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olivér Ozohanics
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for National Sciences, HAS, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Lábas
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Krámos
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julianna Oláh
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Károly Vékey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for National Sciences, HAS, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta G. Vértessy
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for National Sciences, HAS, Budapest Hungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
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