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Palmulli R, Couty M, Piontek MC, Ponnaiah M, Dingli F, Verweij FJ, Charrin S, Tantucci M, Sasidharan S, Rubinstein E, Kontush A, Loew D, Lhomme M, Roos WH, Raposo G, van Niel G. CD63 sorts cholesterol into endosomes for storage and distribution via exosomes. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:1093-1109. [PMID: 38886558 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes are now recognized as key players in intercellular communication. Their role is influenced by the specific repertoires of proteins and lipids, which are enriched when they are generated as intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) in multivesicular endosomes. Here we report that a key component of small extracellular vesicles, the tetraspanin CD63, sorts cholesterol to ILVs, generating a pool that can be mobilized by the NPC1/2 complex, and exported via exosomes to recipient cells. In the absence of CD63, cholesterol is retrieved from the endosomes by actin-dependent vesicular transport, placing CD63 and cholesterol at the centre of a balance between inward and outward budding of endomembranes. These results establish CD63 as a lipid-sorting mechanism within endosomes, and show that ILVs and exosomes are alternative providers of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Palmulli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Couty
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, Inserm UMR1307, CNRS UMR6075, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Melissa C Piontek
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maharajah Ponnaiah
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU ICAN, ICAN OMICS and ICAN I/O), F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- CurieCoreTech Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Frederik J Verweij
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Charrin
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Matteo Tantucci
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sajitha Sasidharan
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Rubinstein
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- ICAN, National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- CurieCoreTech Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lhomme
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU ICAN, ICAN OMICS and ICAN I/O), F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Guillaume van Niel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France.
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université de Paris, Paris, France.
- CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, Inserm UMR1307, CNRS UMR6075, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.
- GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France.
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2
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Kozono Y, Kuramochi M, Sasaki YC, Kozono H. Ubiquitination of Major Histocompatibility Complex II Changes Its Immunological Recognition Structure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17083. [PMID: 38069406 PMCID: PMC10707457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a process that dictates the lifespan of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II)/peptide complexes on antigen-presenting cells. This process is tightly controlled by the levels of ubiquitin ligases, and disruptions in the turnover of MHC II can lead to the improper development of CD4+ T cells within the thymus and hinder the formation of regulatory T cells in the peripheral tissue. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we utilized dendritic cells lacking the Membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) I ubiquitin ligase. We discovered that the overexpression of MARCH I decreases the interaction with LAG-3. Moreover, the MHC II molecules tethered with ubiquitin also showed diminished binding to LAG-3. We employed Diffracted X-ray Blinking (DXB), a technique used for single-molecule X-ray imaging, to observe the protein movements on live cells in real time. Our observations indicated that the normal MHC II molecules moved more rapidly across the cell surface compared to those on the MARCH I-deficient dendritic cells or MHC II KR mutants, which is likely a result of ubiquitination. These findings suggest that the signaling from ubiquitinated MHC II to the T cell receptor differs from the non-ubiquitinated forms. It appears that ubiquitinated MHC II might not be quickly internalized, but rather presents antigens to the T cells, leading to a range of significant immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kozono
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Sciences, Noda 278-0022, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Kuramochi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi 316-0033, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Yuji C. Sasaki
- Department of Advanced Material Science, Graduate School for Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8568, Chiba, Japan;
- AIST-U Tokyo Advanced Operando Measurement Technology Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-0882, Chiba, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo 679-5198, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Haruo Kozono
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Sciences, Noda 278-0022, Chiba, Japan;
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3
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Greenspan NS. Epitopes, paratopes, and other topes 30 years on: Understanding what we are talking about. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:429-438. [PMID: 37407356 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The question of which protein antigens, such as HLA class I or class II molecules, will bind, and how well, to a given antibody is often assumed to depend exclusively on the details of protein surface structure. These structures are usually based on static models resulting from X-ray crystallography. While these notions are useful, the ultimate causal factors determining how well a given antigen binds a given antibody are based in thermodynamics and can include atomic mobility and the time-varying conformations of proteins. In this article, fundamental biophysical principles of antibody-antigen interaction are discussed, concepts critical for a deeper understanding of the pertinent molecular phenomena are highlighted, and common misunderstandings are identified and debunked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil S Greenspan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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4
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Drake LA, Hahn AB, Dixon AM, Drake JR. Differential pairing of transmembrane domain GxxxG dimerization motifs defines two HLA-DR MHC class II conformers. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104869. [PMID: 37247758 PMCID: PMC10320510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
MHC class II molecules function to present exogenous antigen-derived peptides to CD4 T cells to both drive T cell activation and to provide signals back into the class II antigen-presenting cell. Previous work established the presence of multiple GxxxG dimerization motifs within the transmembrane domains of MHC class II α and β chains across a wide range of species and revealed a role for differential GxxxG motif pairing in the formation of two discrete mouse class II conformers with distinct functional properties (i.e., M1-and M2-paired I-Ak class II). Biochemical and mutagenesis studies detailed herein extend this model to human class II by identifying an anti-HLA-DR mAb (Tü36) that selectively binds M1-paired HLA-DR molecules. Analysis of the HLA-DR allele reactivity of the Tü36 mAb helped define other HLA-DR residues involved in mAb binding. In silico modeling of both TM domain interactions and whole protein structure is consistent with the outcome of biochemical/mutagenesis studies and provides insight into the possible structural differences between the two HLA-DR conformers. Cholesterol depletion studies indicate a role for cholesterol-rich membrane domains in the formation/maintenance of Tü36 mAb reactive DR molecules. Finally, phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of Tü36-reactive HLA-DR β chains reveals a unique pattern of both Tü36 mAb reactivity and key amino acid polymorphisms. In total, these studies bring the paradigm M1/M2-paired MHC class II molecules to the human HLA-DR molecule and suggest that the functional differences between these conformers defined in mouse class II extend to the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Drake
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Amy B Hahn
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ann M Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - James R Drake
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.
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5
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Salnikov E, Bechinger B. Effect of lipid saturation on the topology and oligomeric state of helical membrane polypeptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:184001. [PMID: 35817122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural liquid crystalline membranes are made up of many different lipids carrying a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acyl chains. Whereas in the past considerable attention has been paid to cholesterol content, the phospholipid head groups and the membrane surface charge the detailed fatty acyl composition was often considered less important. However, recent investigations indicate that the detailed fatty acyl chain composition has pronounced effects on the oligomerization of the transmembrane helical anchoring domains of the MHC II receptor or the membrane alignment of the cationic antimicrobial peptide PGLa. In contrast the antimicrobial peptides magainin 2 and alamethicin are less susceptible to lipid saturation. Using histidine-rich LAH4 designer peptides the high energetic contributions of lipid saturation in stabilizing transmembrane helical alignments are quantitatively evaluated. These observations can have important implications for the biological regulation of membrane proteins and should be taken into considerations during biophysical or structural experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Salnikov
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177 Chemistry Institute, Membrane Biophysics and NMR, Strasbourg, France
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177 Chemistry Institute, Membrane Biophysics and NMR, Strasbourg, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France.
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6
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Croce C, Garrido F, Dinamarca S, Santi-Rocca J, Marion S, Blanchard N, Mayorga LS, Cebrian I. Efficient Cholesterol Transport in Dendritic Cells Defines Optimal Exogenous Antigen Presentation and Toxoplasma gondii Proliferation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:837574. [PMID: 35309938 PMCID: PMC8931308 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.837574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are the most powerful antigen-presenting cells of the immune system. They present exogenous antigens associated with Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class II molecules through the classical pathway to stimulate CD4+ T cells, or with MHC-I to activate CD8+ T lymphocytes through the cross-presentation pathway. DCs represent one of the main cellular targets during infection by Toxoplasma gondii. This intracellular parasite incorporates essential nutrients, such as cholesterol, to grow and proliferate inside a highly specialized organelle, the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). While doing so, T. gondii modulates the host immune response through multiple interactions with proteins and lipids. Cholesterol is an important cellular component that regulates cellular physiology at the structural and functional levels. Although different studies describe the relevance of cholesterol transport for exogenous antigen presentation, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is not defined. Here, we focus our study on the inhibitor U18666A, a drug widely used to arrest multivesicular bodies biogenesis that interrupts cholesterol trafficking and changes the lipid composition of intracellular membranes. Upon bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) treatment with U18666A, we evidenced a drastic disruption in the ability to present exogenous soluble and particulate antigens to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Strikingly, the presentation of T. gondii-associated antigens and parasite proliferation were hampered in treated cells. However, neither antigen uptake nor BMDC viability was significantly affected by the U18666A treatment. By contrast, this drug altered the transport of MHC-I and MHC-II molecules to the plasma membrane. Since U18666A impairs the formation of MVBs, we analyzed in T. gondii infected BMDCs the ESCRT machinery responsible for the generation of intraluminal vesicles. We observed that different MVBs markers, including ESCRT proteins, were recruited to the PV. Surprisingly, the main ESCRT-III component CHMP4b was massively recruited to the PV, and its expression level was upregulated upon BMDC infection by T. gondii. Finally, we demonstrated that BMDC treatment with U18666A interrupted cholesterol delivery and CHMP4b recruitment to the PV, which interfered with an efficient parasite replication. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of cholesterol trafficking and MVBs formation in DCs for optimal antigen presentation and T. gondii proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Croce
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM) - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo - CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Facundo Garrido
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM) - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo - CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Sofía Dinamarca
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM) - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo - CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Julien Santi-Rocca
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Inserm/CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Sabrina Marion
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Inserm/CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Luis S. Mayorga
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM) - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo - CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Cebrian
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM) - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo - CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
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7
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The Prognostic Role of High Blood Cholesterol in Advanced Cancer Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. J Immunother 2021; 43:196-203. [PMID: 32404654 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have improved survival in numerous types of cancer. However, a great number of unselected patients still do not respond to ICI. Moreover, there is a need to identify biomarkers that could predict the prognosis of immunotherapy-treated patients. The aim of our study is to evaluate the prognostic value of baseline plasmatic cholesterol levels in metastatic cancer patients treated with immunotherapy. We retrospectively enrolled advanced cancer patients consecutively treated with ICI at our center between October 2013 and October 2018 to correlate the blood cholesterol level before treatment with overall survival (OS, primary endpoint). The secondary endpoints were the correlation between baseline cholesterol and progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate, and toxicity (immune-related adverse events). Among 187 patients with availability of baseline plasmatic cholesterol, 58 had cholesterol levels >200 mg/dL. The median age was 70 years. Primary tumors were as follows: non-small cell lung cancer (70.0%), melanoma (15.0%), renal cell carcinoma (9.1%), urothelial cancer (4.6%), head-neck carcinoma (0.9%), and others (0.4%). The median follow-up was 21.3 months. Both OS and PFS were better in patients with high plasmatic cholesterol levels: the median OS was 19.4 versus 5.5 months (P=0.001) and the median PFS was 6.1 versus 2.4 months (P=0.002). The multivariate analysis confirmed the prognostic role of hypercholesterolemia in terms of OS, but not PFS. Hypercholesterolemia was associated with better outcomes in ICI-treated cancer patients and, as an expression of low-grade inflammation state, it could identify tumors more likely to be responsive to immunotherapy.
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8
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Zhang H, Zhao W, Li X, He Y. Cholesterol Metabolism as a Potential Therapeutic Target and a Prognostic Biomarker for Cancer Immunotherapy. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3803-3812. [PMID: 34188488 PMCID: PMC8232957 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s315998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint-based immunotherapies, such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, have shown promising clinical outcomes in many types of cancers. Unfortunately, the response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors is low. It is very important to discover novel therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers. Cholesterol metabolism has been demonstrated to be related to the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors and may provide a new breakthrough in the development of immunotherapy. First of all, cholesterol metabolism in the tumor microenvironment affects the function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In addition, intracellular cholesterol homeostasis is an important regulator of immune cell function. Furthermore, drugs that act on cholesterol metabolism affect the efficacy of immunotherapy. What is more, peripheral blood cholesterol level can be a biomarker to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this review, we aimed to explore the potential role of cholesterol metabolism on immunotherapy. By summarizing the major findings of recent preclinical and clinical studies on cholesterol metabolism in immunotherapy, we suggested that cholesterol metabolism could be a potential therapeutic target and a prognostic biomarker for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
- Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wencheng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
- Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingya Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
- Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
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Miura K, Sano Y, Niho S, Kawasumi K, Mochizuki N, Yoh K, Matsumoto S, Zenke Y, Ikeda T, Nosaki K, Kirita K, Udagawa H, Goto K, Kawasaki T, Hanada K. Impact of concomitant medication on clinical outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A retrospective study. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:1983-1994. [PMID: 33990133 PMCID: PMC8258365 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has recently been suggested that concomitant medication may affect the clinical outcome of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, only a few studies on the impact of concomitant medication on immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) have previously been reported. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of concomitant medication on the efficacy and safety of ICIs. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 300 patients treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between January 2016 and July 2018. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of concomitant medication on treatment response or irAEs. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate concomitant medication‐related factors associated with time‐to‐treatment failure or overall survival (OS). Results A total of 70 patients responded to treatment and 137 experienced irAEs. The response rate and incidence of irAEs in patients treated with ICIs were not significantly associated with concomitant medication. Multivariate analysis showed that the use of opioids was an independent factor (time‐to‐treatment failure: hazard ratio 1.39, p = 0.021, OS: hazard ratio 1.54, p = 0.007). Conclusions The efficacy and safety of nivolumab or pembrolizumab in the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC were not significantly influenced by concomitant medication. However, opioid usage might be associated with shorter OS in patients treated with these ICIs. Further mechanistic investigations should explore whether these associations are purely prognostic or contribute to ICI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Miura
- Division of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pharmacometrics and Pharmacokinetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sano
- Division of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiji Niho
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawasumi
- Division of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuo Mochizuki
- Division of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Yoh
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Zenke
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaya Ikeda
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaname Nosaki
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kirita
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hibiki Udagawa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Hanada
- Department of Pharmacometrics and Pharmacokinetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Pradhan S, Ghosh S, Hussain S, Paul J, Mukherjee B. Linking membrane fluidity with defective antigen presentation in leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 2021; 43:e12835. [PMID: 33756007 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hampering-surface presentation of immunogenic peptides by class I/II MHCs is a key strategy opted by several intracellular protozoan pathogens including Leishmania to escape CD8/CD4 mediated host-protective T-cell response. Although Leishmania parasites (LP) primarily hijack/inhibit host lysosomal/proteasomal pathways to hamper antigen-processing/presentation machinery, recent pieces of evidence have linked host-membrane fluidity as a major cause of defective antigen presentation in leishmaniasis. Increased membrane fluidity severely compromised peptide-MHC stability in the lipid raft regions, thereby abrogating T-cell mediated-signalling in the infected host. LP primarily achieves this by quenching host cholesterol, which acts as cementing material in maintaining the membrane fluidity. In this review, we have particularly focused on several strategies opted by LP to hijack-host cholesterol resulting in lipid droplets accumulation around leishmania-containing parasitophorous vacuole favouring intracellular survival of LP. In fact, LP infection can result in altered cholesterol and lipid metabolism in the infected host, thereby favouring the establishment and progression of the infection. From our analysis of two genome-wide transcriptomics data sets of LP infected host, we propose a possible molecular network that connects these interrelated events of altered lipid metabolism with eventual compromised antigen presentation, still existing as a gap in our current understanding of Leishmania infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Pradhan
- School of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Souradeepa Ghosh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Shahbaj Hussain
- School of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Joydeep Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
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Salnikov ES, Aisenbrey C, Pokrandt B, Brügger B, Bechinger B. Structure, Topology, and Dynamics of Membrane-Inserted Polypeptides and Lipids by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy: Investigations of the Transmembrane Domains of the DQ Beta-1 Subunit of the MHC II Receptor and of the COP I Protein p24. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:83. [PMID: 31608287 PMCID: PMC6769064 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MHC class II receptors carry important function in adaptive immunity and their malfunctioning is associated with diabetes type I, chronic inflammatory diseases and other autoimmune diseases. The protein assembles from the DQ alpha-1 and DQ beta-1 subunits where the transmembrane domains of these type I membrane proteins have been shown to be involved in homo- and heterodimer formation. Furthermore, the DQ alpha 1 chain carries a sequence motif that has been first identified in the context of p24, a protein involved in the formation of COPI vesicles of the intracellular transport machinery, to specifically interact with sphingomyelin-C18 (SM-C18). Here we investigated the membrane interactions and dynamics of DQ beta-1 in liquid crystalline POPC phospholipid bilayers by oriented 15N solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The 15N resonances are indicative of a helical tilt angle of the membrane anchor sequence around 20°. Two populations can be distinguished by their differential dynamics probably corresponding the DQ beta-1 mono- and homodimer. Whereas, this equilibrium is hardly affected by the addition of 5 mole% SM-C18 a single population is visible in DMPC lipid bilayers suggesting that the lipid saturation is an important parameter. Furthermore, the DQ alpha-1, DQ beta-1 and p24 transmembrane helical domains were reconstituted into POPC or POPC/SM-C18 lipid bilayers where the fatty acyl chain of either the phosphatidylcholine or of the sphingolipid have been deuterated. Interestingly in the presence of both sphingolipid and polypeptide a strong decrease in the innermost membrane order of the POPC palmitoyl chain is observed, an effect that is strongest for DQ beta-1. In contrast, for the first time the polypeptide interactions were monitored by deuteration of the stearoyl chain of SM-C18. The resulting 2H solid-state NMR spectra show an increase in order for p24 and DQ alpha-1 which both carry the SM recognition motif. Thereby the data are suggestive that SM-C18 together with the transmembrane domains form structures imposing positive curvature strain on the surrounding POPC lipids. This effect is attenuated when SM-C18 is recognized by the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy S Salnikov
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Bianca Pokrandt
- Biochemiezentrum der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Biochemiezentrum der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, Strasbourg, France
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12
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Dixon AM, Roy S. Role of membrane environment and membrane-spanning protein regions in assembly and function of the Class II Major Histocompatibility complex. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:5-14. [PMID: 30102939 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Class II Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) is a polymorphic heterodimer that binds antigen-derived peptides and presents them on the surface of antigen presenting cells. This mechanism of antigen presentation leads to recognition by CD4 T-cells and T-cell activation, making it a critical element of adaptive immune response. For this reason, the structural determinants of MHC-II function have been of great interest for the past 30 years, resulting in a robust structural understanding of the extracellular regions of the complex. However, the membrane-localized regions have also been strongly implicated in protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions that facilitate Class II assembly, transport and function, and it is these regions that are the focus of this review. Here we describe studies that reveal the strong and selective interactions between the transmembrane domains of the MHC α, and invariant chains which, when altered, have broad reaching impacts on antigen presentation and Class II function. We also summarize work that clearly demonstrates the link between membrane lipid composition (particularly the presence of cholesterol) and MHC-II conformation, subsequent peptide binding, and downstream T-cell activation. We have integrated these studies into a comprehensive view of Class II transmembrane domain biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Syamal Roy
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Kolkata, 4 Raja SC, Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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13
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Statins improve survival in patients previously treated with nivolumab for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: An observational study. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 10:137-143. [PMID: 30655989 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a number of suggested predictive factors of nivolumab for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however, there is not enough evidence to determine a single factor that can predict the efficacy of nivolumab. As the progress of biomarkers for cancer treatment is improving, it has been speculated that certain clinical factors serve an important role when predicting the outcome of chemotherapy. A total of 67 patients treated with nivolumab for NSCLC from 2016-2017 were prospectively investigated. Age, sex, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, histology, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, history of chemotherapy, smoking status, use of statins, use of fibrates, use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and use of metformin were examined as clinical factors. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression adjusted for risk factors and the tumor response of 67 patients was assessed. The patients had a median age of 67 years (range, 36-87 years), and 46 males and 21 females were enrolled; performance status 0/1 was 59. Cases were categorized as adenocarcinoma (n=41), squamous cell carcinoma (n=17) and other (n=9). A total of 13 patients (19.4%) had EGFR mutations. These clinical factors were not statistically significant in overall survival (OS). Clinical laboratory findings, complications and use of medical agents including antidiabetes mellitus or lipidemia were also analyzed. Statins exhibited statistical significance for response (P=0.02). Time-to-treatment failure (TTF) in statin-use group was not reached [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9-not reached] and was 4.0 months (95% CI: 2.0-5.4) in the non-statin group (P=0.039). The median OS in statin-use group was not reached (95% CI: 8.7-not reached) and was 16.5 months (95% CI: 7.5-not reached) in the non-statin group (P=0.058). NSCLC patients previously treated with nivolumab who were administered statins exhibited an increased response rate and longer TTF. This response was not statistically significant in OS.
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14
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Sanjadi M, Rezvanie Sichanie Z, Totonchi H, Karami J, Rezaei R, Aslani S. Atherosclerosis and autoimmunity: a growing relationship. Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 21:908-921. [PMID: 29671956 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is regarded as one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Nowadays, it seems that atherosclerosis cannot be defined merely through the Framingham traditional risk factors and that autoimmunity settings exert a remarkable role in its mechanobiology. Individuals with autoimmune disorders show enhanced occurrence of cardiovascular complications and subclinical atherosclerosis. The mechanisms underlying the atherosclerosis in disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic sclerosis and Sjögren's syndrome, seem to be the classical risk factors. However, chronic inflammatory processes and abnormal immune function may also be involved in atherosclerosis development. Autoantigens, autoantibodies, infectious agents and pro-inflammatory mediators exert a role in that process. Being armed with the mechanisms underlying autoimmunity in the etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis in rheumatic autoimmune disorders and the shared etiologic pathway may result in substantial developing therapeutics for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sanjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamidreza Totonchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Karami
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramazan Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Oh J, Perry JSA, Pua H, Irgens-Möller N, Ishido S, Hsieh CS, Shin JS. MARCH1 protects the lipid raft and tetraspanin web from MHCII proteotoxicity in dendritic cells. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1395-1410. [PMID: 29371232 PMCID: PMC5881489 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201611141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) produce major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) in large amounts to function as professional antigen presenting cells. Paradoxically, DCs also ubiquitinate and degrade MHCII in a constitutive manner. Mice deficient in the MHCII-ubiquitinating enzyme membrane-anchored RING-CH1, or the ubiquitin-acceptor lysine of MHCII, exhibit a substantial reduction in the number of regulatory T (Treg) cells, but the underlying mechanism was unclear. Here we report that ubiquitin-dependent MHCII turnover is critical to maintain homeostasis of lipid rafts and the tetraspanin web in DCs. Lack of MHCII ubiquitination results in the accumulation of excessive quantities of MHCII in the plasma membrane, and the resulting disruption to lipid rafts and the tetraspanin web leads to significant impairment in the ability of DCs to engage and activate thymocytes for Treg cell differentiation. Thus, ubiquitin-dependent MHCII turnover represents a novel quality-control mechanism by which DCs maintain homeostasis of membrane domains that support DC's Treg cell-selecting function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehak Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Justin S A Perry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Heather Pua
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nicole Irgens-Möller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Satoshi Ishido
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jeoung-Sook Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA .,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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16
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Roy K, Mandloi S, Chakrabarti S, Roy S. Cholesterol Corrects Altered Conformation of MHC-II Protein in Leishmania donovani Infected Macrophages: Implication in Therapy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004710. [PMID: 27214205 PMCID: PMC4877013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously we reported that Kala-azar patients show progressive decrease in serum cholesterol as a function of splenic parasite burden. Splenic macrophages (MΦ) of Leishmania donovani (LD) infected mice show decrease in membrane cholesterol, while LD infected macrophages (I-MΦ) show defective T cell stimulating ability that could be corrected by liposomal delivery of cholesterol. T helper cells recognize peptide antigen in the context of class II MHC molecule. It is known that the conformation of a large number of membrane proteins is dependent on membrane cholesterol. In this investigation we tried to understand the influence of decreased membrane cholesterol in I-MΦ on the conformation of MHC-II protein and peptide-MHC-II stability, and its bearing on the antigen specific T-cell activation. Methodology/Principal Findings MΦ of CBA/j mice were infected with Leishmania donovani (I-MΦ). Two different anti-Aκ mAbs were used to monitor the status of MHC-II protein under parasitized condition. One of them (11.5–2) was conformation specific, whereas the other one (10.2.16) was not. Under parasitized condition, the binding of 11.5–2 decreased significantly with respect to the normal counterpart, whereas that of 10.2.16 remained unaltered. The binding of 11.5–2 was restored to normal upon liposomal delivery of cholesterol in I-MΦ. By molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies we found that there was considerable conformational fluctuation in the transmembrane domain of the MHC-II protein in the presence of membrane cholesterol than in its absence, which possibly influenced the distal peptide binding groove. This was evident from the faster dissociation of the cognate peptide from peptide-MHC complex under parasitized condition, which could be corrected by liposomal delivery of cholesterol in I-MΦ. Conclusion The decrease in membrane cholesterol in I-MΦ may lead to altered conformation of MHC II, and this may contribute to a faster dissociation of the peptide. Furthermore, liposomal delivery of cholesterol in I-MΦ restored its normal antigen presenting function. This observation brings strength to our previous observation on host directed therapeutic application of liposomal cholesterol in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. The disease visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani (LD). One of the hallmarks of the disease is immune suppression. The parasites replicate within the macrophages and dendritic cells, and such cells are known as antigen presenting cells (APCs). APCs present peptide to T-helper cells in association with the transplantation antigen-II (MHC-II). The infected macrophages show decrease in membrane cholesterol leading to increase in membrane fluidity. The membrane cholesterol is important for maintaining conformation of membrane proteins. Here we show that conformation of MHC-II protein is altered in parasitized macrophages, which results faster dissociation of peptide from peptide-MHC-II complex as compared to normal counterpart. The conformational change in MHC-II protein is also supported by molecular dynamic simulation studies, as there is considerable structural fluctuation of MHC-II peptide binding domain in presence and absence of cholesterol. This observation indicated that cholesterol is important for maintaining conformation of MHC-II protein and stability of the peptide-MHC complex. Thus, Leishmania parasites by modulating membrane cholesterol influence above processes leading to defective T-cell stimulation in leishmaniasis. The above defects displayed by infected macrophages could be corrected by liposomal delivery of cholesterol indicating a possible therapeutic role of liposomal cholesterol in infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Roy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sapan Mandloi
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Saikat Chakrabarti
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail: (SC); (SR)
| | - Syamal Roy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail: (SC); (SR)
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17
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Collin A, Noacco A, Talvas J, Caldefie-Chézet F, Vasson MP, Farges MC. Enhancement of Lytic Activity by Leptin Is Independent From Lipid Rafts in Murine Primary Splenocytes. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:101-9. [PMID: 27028718 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leptin, a pleiotropic adipokine, is known as a regulator of food intake, but it is also involved in inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, and survival. Leptin receptor is integrated inside cholesterol-rich microdomains called lipid rafts, which, if disrupted or destroyed, could lead to a perturbation of lytic mechanism. Previous studies also reported that leptin could induce membrane remodeling. In this context, we studied the effect of membrane remodeling in lytic activity modulation induced by leptin. Thus, primary mouse splenocytes were incubated with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (β-MCD), a lipid rafts disrupting agent, cholesterol, a major component of cell membranes, or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a membrane stabilizer agent for 1 h. These treatments were followed by splenocyte incubation with leptin (absence, 10 and 100 ng/ml). Unlike β-MCD or cholesterol, UDCA was able to block leptin lytic induction. This result suggests that leptin increased the lytic activity of primary spleen cells against syngenic EO771 mammary cancer cells independently from lipid rafts but may involve membrane fluidity. Furthermore, natural killer cells were shown to be involved in the splenocyte lytic activity. To our knowledge it is the first publication in primary culture that provides the link between leptin lytic modulation and membrane remodeling. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 101-109, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Collin
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Audrey Noacco
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérémie Talvas
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chézet
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre Jean-Perrin, CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Unité de Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Chantal Farges
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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18
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Harton J, Jin L, Hahn A, Drake J. Immunological Functions of the Membrane Proximal Region of MHC Class II Molecules. F1000Res 2016; 5. [PMID: 27006762 PMCID: PMC4798158 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7610.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules present exogenously derived antigen peptides to CD4 T cells, driving activation of naïve T cells and supporting CD4-driven immune functions. However, MHC class II molecules are not inert protein pedestals that simply bind and present peptides. These molecules also serve as multi-functional signaling molecules delivering activation, differentiation, or death signals (or a combination of these) to B cells, macrophages, as well as MHC class II-expressing T cells and tumor cells. Although multiple proteins are known to associate with MHC class II, interaction with STING (stimulator of interferon genes) and CD79 is essential for signaling. In addition, alternative transmembrane domain pairing between class II α and β chains influences association with membrane lipid sub-domains, impacting both signaling and antigen presentation. In contrast to the membrane-distal region of the class II molecule responsible for peptide binding and T-cell receptor engagement, the membrane-proximal region (composed of the connecting peptide, transmembrane domain, and cytoplasmic tail) mediates these "non-traditional" class II functions. Here, we review the literature on the function of the membrane-proximal region of the MHC class II molecule and discuss the impact of this aspect of class II immunobiology on immune regulation and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Harton
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, 12208-3479, USA
| | - Lei Jin
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, 12208-3479, USA
| | - Amy Hahn
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, 12208-3479, USA
| | - Jim Drake
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, 12208-3479, USA
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19
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Regulation of Adaptive Immunity in Health and Disease by Cholesterol Metabolism. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015; 15:48. [PMID: 26149587 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Four decades ago, it was observed that stimulation of T cells induces rapid changes in cellular cholesterol that are required before proliferation can commence. Investigators returning to this phenomenon have finally revealed its molecular underpinnings. Cholesterol trafficking and its dysregulation are now also recognized to strongly influence dendritic cell function, T cell polarization, and antibody responses. In this review, the state of the literature is reviewed on how cholesterol and its trafficking regulate the cells of the adaptive immune response and in vivo disease phenotypes of dysregulated adaptive immunity, including allergy, asthma, and autoimmune disease. Emerging evidence supporting a potential role for statins and other lipid-targeted therapies in the treatment of these diseases is presented. Just as vascular biologists have embraced immunity in the pathogenesis and treatment of atherosclerosis, so should basic and clinical immunologists in allergy, pulmonology, and other disciplines seek to encompass a basic understanding of lipid science.
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20
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Monos D, Maiers MJ. Progressing towards the complete and thorough characterization of the HLA genes by NGS (or single-molecule DNA sequencing): Consequences, opportunities and challenges. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:883-6. [PMID: 26455298 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Monos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 707A Abramson Research Bldg., 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Martin J Maiers
- Bioinformatics Research, National Marrow Donor Program
- Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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21
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Vecsernyés M, Fenyvesi F, Bácskay I, Deli MA, Szente L, Fenyvesi É. Cyclodextrins, blood-brain barrier, and treatment of neurological diseases. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:711-29. [PMID: 25482528 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biological barriers are the main defense systems of the homeostasis of the organism and protected organs. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), formed by the endothelial cells of brain capillaries, not only provides nutrients and protection to the central nervous system but also restricts the entry of drugs, emphasizing its importance in the treatment of neurological diseases. Cyclodextrins are increasingly used in human pharmacotherapy. Due to their favorable profile to form hydrophilic inclusion complexes with poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients, they are present as excipients in many marketed drugs. Application of cyclodextrins is widespread in formulations for oral, parenteral, nasal, pulmonary, and skin delivery of drugs. Experimental and clinical data suggest that cyclodextrins can be used not only as excipients for centrally acting marketed drugs like antiepileptics, but also as active pharmaceutical ingredients to treat neurological diseases. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin received orphan drug designation for the treatment of Niemann-Pick type C disease. In addition to this rare lysosomal storage disease with neurological symptoms, experimental research revealed the potential therapeutic use of cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin nanoparticles in neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, neuroinfections and brain tumors. In this context, the biological effects of cyclodextrins, their interaction with plasma membranes and extraction of different lipids are highly relevant at the level of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mária A Deli
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Szente
- Cyclolab Cyclodextrin Research and Development Laboratory Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Fenyvesi
- Cyclolab Cyclodextrin Research and Development Laboratory Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
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22
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Roy K, Naskar K, Ghosh M, Roy S. Class II MHC/Peptide Interaction inLeishmania donovaniInfection: Implications in Vaccine Design. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5873-80. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are ligands for CD4+ T cells and are critical for initiating the adaptive immune response. This review is focused on what is currently known about MHC class II organization at the plasma membrane of antigen presenting cells and how this affects antigen presentation to T cells. The organization and diffusion of class II molecules have been measured by a variety of biochemical and microscopic techniques. Membrane lipids and other proteins have been implicated in MHC class II organization and function. However, when compared with the organization of MHC class I or TCR complexes, much less is known about MHC class II. Since clustering of T cell receptors occurs during activation, the organization of MHC molecules prior to recognition and during synapse formation may be critical for antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Fooksman
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY , USA
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24
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Leishmania donovani: Dynamics of L. donovani evasion of innate immune cell attack due to malnutrition in visceral leishmaniasis. Nutrition 2014; 30:449-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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