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Teuwen JTJ, van der Vorst EPC, Maas SL. Navigating the Maze of Kinases: CaMK-like Family Protein Kinases and Their Role in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6213. [PMID: 38892400 PMCID: PMC11172518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels are a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and even though current treatment strategies focusing on lowering lipid levels are effective, CVD remains the primary cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the major cause of CVD and is a chronic inflammatory condition in which various cell types and protein kinases play a crucial role. However, the underlying mechanisms of atherosclerosis are not entirely understood yet. Notably, protein kinases are highly druggable targets and represent, therefore, a novel way to target atherosclerosis. In this review, the potential role of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-like (CaMKL) family and its role in atherosclerosis will be discussed. This family consists of 12 subfamilies, among which are the well-described and conserved liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) subfamilies. Interestingly, LKB1 plays a key role and is considered a master kinase within the CaMKL family. It has been shown that LKB1 signaling leads to atheroprotective effects, while, for example, members of the microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK) subfamily have been described to aggravate atherosclerosis development. These observations highlight the importance of studying kinases and their signaling pathways in atherosclerosis, bringing us a step closer to unraveling the underlying mechanisms of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules T. J. Teuwen
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Sanne L. Maas
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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2
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Park DS, Kozaki T, Tiwari SK, Moreira M, Khalilnezhad A, Torta F, Olivié N, Thiam CH, Liani O, Silvin A, Phoo WW, Gao L, Triebl A, Tham WK, Gonçalves L, Kong WT, Raman S, Zhang XM, Dunsmore G, Dutertre CA, Lee S, Ong JM, Balachander A, Khalilnezhad S, Lum J, Duan K, Lim ZM, Tan L, Low I, Utami KH, Yeo XY, Di Tommaso S, Dupuy JW, Varga B, Karadottir RT, Madathummal MC, Bonne I, Malleret B, Binte ZY, Wei Da N, Tan Y, Wong WJ, Zhang J, Chen J, Sobota RM, Howland SW, Ng LG, Saltel F, Castel D, Grill J, Minard V, Albani S, Chan JKY, Thion MS, Jung SY, Wenk MR, Pouladi MA, Pasqualini C, Angeli V, Cexus ONF, Ginhoux F. iPS-cell-derived microglia promote brain organoid maturation via cholesterol transfer. Nature 2023; 623:397-405. [PMID: 37914940 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are specialized brain-resident macrophages that arise from primitive macrophages colonizing the embryonic brain1. Microglia contribute to multiple aspects of brain development, but their precise roles in the early human brain remain poorly understood owing to limited access to relevant tissues2-6. The generation of brain organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells recapitulates some key features of human embryonic brain development7-10. However, current approaches do not incorporate microglia or address their role in organoid maturation11-21. Here we generated microglia-sufficient brain organoids by coculturing brain organoids with primitive-like macrophages generated from the same human induced pluripotent stem cells (iMac)22. In organoid cocultures, iMac differentiated into cells with microglia-like phenotypes and functions (iMicro) and modulated neuronal progenitor cell (NPC) differentiation, limiting NPC proliferation and promoting axonogenesis. Mechanistically, iMicro contained high levels of PLIN2+ lipid droplets that exported cholesterol and its esters, which were taken up by NPCs in the organoids. We also detected PLIN2+ lipid droplet-loaded microglia in mouse and human embryonic brains. Overall, our approach substantially advances current human brain organoid approaches by incorporating microglial cells, as illustrated by the discovery of a key pathway of lipid-mediated crosstalk between microglia and NPCs that leads to improved neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Shin Park
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tatsuya Kozaki
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Satish Kumar Tiwari
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marco Moreira
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Ahad Khalilnezhad
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicolas Olivié
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Chung Hwee Thiam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oniko Liani
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aymeric Silvin
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Wint Wint Phoo
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, SingMass National Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexander Triebl
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Kin Tham
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wan Ting Kong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Sethi Raman
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao Meng Zhang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Garett Dunsmore
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Charles Antoine Dutertre
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Salanne Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Ong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akhila Balachander
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shabnam Khalilnezhad
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kaibo Duan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ze Ming Lim
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leonard Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ivy Low
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kagistia Hana Utami
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Yi Yeo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Balazs Varga
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ragnhildur Thora Karadottir
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mufeeda Changaramvally Madathummal
- A*STAR Microscopy Platform Electron Microscopy, Research Support Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isabelle Bonne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Microscopy Platform Electron Microscopy, Research Support Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zainab Yasin Binte
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ngan Wei Da
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yingrou Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Jie Wong
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhang
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radoslaw M Sobota
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, SingMass National Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shanshan W Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - David Castel
- INSERM U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology & Département de Cancérologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jacques Grill
- INSERM U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology & Département de Cancérologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Morgane Sonia Thion
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sang Yong Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Veronique Angeli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olivier N F Cexus
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Sorokin AV, Arnardottir H, Svirydava M, Ng Q, Baumer Y, Berg A, Pantoja CJ, Florida E, Teague HL, Yang ZH, Dagur PK, Powell-Wiley TM, Yu ZX, Playford MP, Remaley AT, Mehta NN. Comparison of the dietary omega-3 fatty acids impact on murine psoriasis-like skin inflammation and associated lipid dysfunction. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 117:109348. [PMID: 37044136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Persistent skin inflammation and impaired resolution are the main contributors to psoriasis and associated cardiometabolic complications. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are known to exert beneficial effects on inflammatory response and lipid function. However, a specific role of omega-3 PUFAs in psoriasis and accompanied pathologies are still a matter of debate. Here, we carried out a direct comparison between EPA and DHA 12 weeks diet intervention treatment of psoriasis-like skin inflammation in the K14-Rac1V12 mouse model. By utilizing sensitive techniques, we targeted EPA- and DHA-derived specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators and identified tightly connected signaling pathways by RNA sequencing. Treatment with experimental diets significantly decreased circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and bioactive lipid mediators, altered psoriasis macrophage phenotypes and genes of lipid oxidation. The superficial role of these changes was related to DHA treatment and included increased levels of resolvin D5, protectin DX and maresin 2 in the skin. EPA treated mice had less pronounced effects but demonstrated a decreased skin accumulation of prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2. These results indicate that modulating psoriasis skin inflammation with the omega-3 PUFAs may have clinical significance and DHA treatment might be considered over EPA in this specific disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Sorokin
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Hildur Arnardottir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Maryia Svirydava
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qimin Ng
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yvonne Baumer
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Berg
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carla J Pantoja
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Florida
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather L Teague
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhi-Hong Yang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pradeep K Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany M Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- Pathology Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martin P Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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4
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Gui Y, Zheng H, Cao RY. Foam Cells in Atherosclerosis: Novel Insights Into Its Origins, Consequences, and Molecular Mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:845942. [PMID: 35498045 PMCID: PMC9043520 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.845942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cells play a vital role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. This review aims to summarize the novel insights into the origins, consequences, and molecular mechanisms of foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Foam cells are originated from monocytes as well as from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), stem/progenitor cells, and endothelium cells. Novel technologies including lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have revolutionized our understanding of subtypes of monocyte- and VSMC-derived foam cells. By using scRNA-seq, three main clusters including resident-like, inflammatory, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (Trem2 hi ) are identified as the major subtypes of monocyte-derived foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Foam cells undergo diverse pathways of programmed cell death including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, contributing to the necrotic cores of atherosclerotic plaques. The formation of foam cells is affected by cholesterol uptake, efflux, and esterification. Novel mechanisms including nuclear receptors, non-coding RNAs, and gut microbiota have been discovered and investigated. Although the heterogeneity of monocytes and the complexity of non-coding RNAs make obstacles for targeting foam cells, further in-depth research and therapeutic exploration are needed for the better management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Gui
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Phase I Clinical Research and Quality Consistency Evaluation for Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchao Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard Y. Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Yao S, Zheng F, Yu Y, Zhan Y, Xu N, Luo G, Zheng L. Apolipoprotein M promotes cholesterol uptake and efflux from mouse macrophages. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1607-1620. [PMID: 33830664 PMCID: PMC8167864 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) exhibits various anti-atherosclerotic functions as a component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is a classic HDL receptor that mediates selective cholesterol uptake and enhances the efflux of cellular cholesterol to HDL. However, the effect of ApoM on cholesterol transport in macrophages remains unclear. In this study, we identified for the first time that ApoM is expressed in mouse macrophages and is involved in cholesterol uptake, similar to SR-BI. NBD-cholesterol uptake and efflux in cells were characterized using fluorescence spectrophotometry. The uptake ratios of cholesterol by macrophages from ApoM-/- SR-BI-/- mice were significantly lower than those from ApoM+/+ SR-BI-/- and ApoM-/- SR-BI+/+ mice. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression of cholesterol transport-related genes involved in cholesterol uptake. ApoM-enriched HDL (ApoM+ HDL) facilitated more cholesterol efflux from murine macrophage Ana-1 cells than ApoM-free HDL (ApoM- HDL). However, recombinant human ApoM protein inhibited the ability of ApoM- HDL to induce cholesterol efflux. In conclusion, ApoM promotes cholesterol uptake and efflux in mouse macrophages. A better understanding of ApoM function may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yao
- Clinical Medical Research Centerthe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Fan Zheng
- Xiangyang Central HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyangChina
| | - Yang Yu
- Clinical Medical Research Centerthe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Yuxia Zhan
- Clinical Medical Research Centerthe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Ning Xu
- Section of Clinical Chemistry and PharmacologyInstitute of Laboratory MedicineLund UniversitySweden
| | - Guanghua Luo
- Clinical Medical Research Centerthe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Lu Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Centerthe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
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6
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Greene AR, Owen KA, Casanova JE. Salmonella Typhimurium manipulates macrophage cholesterol homeostasis through the SseJ-mediated suppression of the host cholesterol transport protein ABCA1. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13329. [PMID: 33742761 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Upon infection of host cells, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium resides in a modified-endosomal compartment referred to as the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). SCV biogenesis is driven by multiple effector proteins translocated through two type III secretion systems (T3SS-1 and T3SS-2). While many host proteins targeted by these effector proteins have been characterised, the role of host lipids in SCV dynamics remains poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that S. Typhimurium infection in macrophages leads to accumulation of intracellular cholesterol, some of which concentrates in and around SCVs; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that S. Typhimurium utilises the T3SS-2 effector SseJ to downregulate expression of the host cholesterol transporter ABCA1 in macrophages, leading to a ~45% increase in cellular cholesterol. Mechanistically, SseJ activates a signalling cascade involving the host kinases FAK and Akt to suppress Abca1 expression. Mutational inactivation of SseJ acyltransferase activity, silencing FAK, or inhibiting Akt prevents Abca1 downregulation and the corresponding accumulation of cholesterol during infection. Importantly, RNAi-mediated silencing of ABCA1 rescued bacterial survival in FAK-deficient macrophages, suggesting that Abca1 downregulation and cholesterol accumulation are important for intracellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Greene
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Katherine A Owen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Ampel Biosolutions, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - James E Casanova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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7
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Localisation and regulation of cholesterol transporters in the human hair follicle: mapping changes across the hair cycle. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:529-545. [PMID: 33404706 PMCID: PMC8134313 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol has long been suspected of influencing hair biology, with dysregulated homeostasis implicated in several disorders of hair growth and cycling. Cholesterol transport proteins play a vital role in the control of cellular cholesterol levels and compartmentalisation. This research aimed to determine the cellular localisation, transport capability and regulatory control of cholesterol transport proteins across the hair cycle. Immunofluorescence microscopy in human hair follicle sections revealed differential expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters across the hair cycle. Cholesterol transporter expression (ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCA5 and SCARB1) reduced as hair follicles transitioned from growth to regression. Staining for free cholesterol (filipin) revealed prominent cholesterol striations within the basement membrane of the hair bulb. Liver X receptor agonism demonstrated active regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1, but not ABCA5 or SCARB1 in human hair follicles and primary keratinocytes. These results demonstrate the capacity of human hair follicles for cholesterol transport and trafficking. Future studies examining the role of cholesterol transport across the hair cycle may shed light on the role of lipid homeostasis in human hair disorders.
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8
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Ohkawa R, Low H, Mukhamedova N, Fu Y, Lai SJ, Sasaoka M, Hara A, Yamazaki A, Kameda T, Horiuchi Y, Meikle PJ, Pernes G, Lancaster G, Ditiatkovski M, Nestel P, Vaisman B, Sviridov D, Murphy A, Remaley AT, Sviridov D, Tozuka M. Cholesterol transport between red blood cells and lipoproteins contributes to cholesterol metabolism in blood. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1577-1588. [PMID: 32907987 PMCID: PMC7707172 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins play a key role in transport of cholesterol to and from tissues. Recent studies have also demonstrated that red blood cells (RBCs), which carry large quantities of free cholesterol in their membrane, play an important role in reverse cholesterol transport. However, the exact role of RBCs in systemic cholesterol metabolism is poorly understood. RBCs were incubated with autologous plasma or isolated lipoproteins resulting in a significant net amount of cholesterol moved from RBCs to HDL, while cholesterol from LDL moved in the opposite direction. Furthermore, the bi-directional cholesterol transport between RBCs and plasma lipoproteins was saturable and temperature-, energy-, and time-dependent, consistent with an active process. We did not find LDLR, ABCG1, or scavenger receptor class B type 1 in RBCs but found a substantial amount of ABCA1 mRNA and protein. However, specific cholesterol efflux from RBCs to isolated apoA-I was negligible, and ABCA1 silencing with siRNA or inhibition with vanadate and Probucol did not inhibit the efflux to apoA-I, HDL, or plasma. Cholesterol efflux from and cholesterol uptake by RBCs from Abca1+/+ and Abca1-/- mice were similar, arguing against the role of ABCA1 in cholesterol flux between RBCs and lipoproteins. Bioinformatics analysis identified ABCA7, ABCG5, lipoprotein lipase, and mitochondrial translocator protein as possible candidates that may mediate the cholesterol flux. Together, these results suggest that RBCs actively participate in cholesterol transport in the blood, but the role of cholesterol transporters in RBCs remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryunosuke Ohkawa
- Department of Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Hann Low
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Ying Fu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shao-Jui Lai
- Department of Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Sasaoka
- Department of Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayuko Hara
- Department of Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Azusa Yamazaki
- Department of Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kameda
- Department of Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuna Horiuchi
- Department of Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerard Pernes
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Paul Nestel
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Boris Vaisman
- Lipoprotein Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Denis Sviridov
- Lipoprotein Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Murphy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
| | - Minoru Tozuka
- Department of Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Life Science Research Center, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
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9
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Cultured macrophages transfer surplus cholesterol into adjacent cells in the absence of serum or high-density lipoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10476-10483. [PMID: 32354992 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922879117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol-laden macrophage foam cells are a hallmark of atherosclerosis. For that reason, cholesterol metabolism in macrophages has attracted considerable scrutiny, particularly the mechanisms by which macrophages unload surplus cholesterol (a process referred to as "cholesterol efflux"). Many studies of cholesterol efflux in macrophages have focused on the role of ABC transporters in moving cholesterol onto high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), but other mechanisms for cholesterol efflux likely exist. We hypothesized that macrophages have the capacity to unload cholesterol directly onto adjacent cells. To test this hypothesis, we used methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) to load mouse peritoneal macrophages with [13C]cholesterol. We then plated the macrophages (in the absence of serum or HDL) onto smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that had been metabolically labeled with [15N]choline. After incubating the cells overnight in the absence of HDL or serum, we visualized 13C and 15N distribution by nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). We observed substantial 13C enrichment in SMCs that were adjacent to [13C]cholesterol-loaded macrophages-including in cytosolic lipid droplets of SMCs. In follow-up studies, we depleted "accessible cholesterol" from the plasma membrane of [13C]cholesterol-loaded macrophages with MβCD before plating the macrophages onto the SMCs. After an overnight incubation, we again observed substantial 13C enrichment in the SMCs adjacent to macrophages. Thus, macrophages transfer cholesterol to adjacent cells in the absence of serum or HDL. We suspect that macrophages within tissues transfer cholesterol to adjacent cells, thereby contributing to the ability to unload surplus cholesterol.
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10
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van der Vorst EPC, Weber C. Novel Features of Monocytes and Macrophages in Cardiovascular Biology and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:e30-e37. [PMID: 30673349 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiel P C van der Vorst
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (E.P.C.v.d.V., C.W.)
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (E.P.C.v.d.V., C.W.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W.).,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (C.W.)
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11
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LCAT, ApoD, and ApoA1 Expression and Review of Cholesterol Deposition in the Cornea. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120785. [PMID: 31779197 PMCID: PMC6995527 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is an enzyme secreted by the liver and circulates with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the blood. The enzyme esterifies plasma cholesterol and increases the capacity of HDL to carry and potentially remove cholesterol from tissues. Cholesterol accumulates within the extracellular connective tissue matrix of the cornea stroma in individuals with genetic deficiency of LCAT. LCAT can be activated by apolipoproteins (Apo) including ApoD and ApoA1. ApoA1 also mediates cellular synthesis of HDL. This study examined the expression of LCAT by epithelial cells, keratocytes, and endothelial cells, the cell types that comprise from anterior to posterior the three layers of the cornea. LCAT and ApoD were immunolocalized to all three cell types within the cornea, while ApoA1 was immunolocalized to keratocytes and endothelium but not epithelium. In situ hybridization was used to detect LCAT, ApoD, and ApoA1 mRNA to learn what cell types within the cornea synthesize these proteins. No corneal cells showed mRNA for ApoA1. Keratocytes and endothelium both showed ApoD mRNA, but epithelium did not. Epithelium and endothelium both showed LCAT mRNA, but despite the presence of LCAT protein in keratocytes, keratocytes did not show LCAT mRNA. RNA sequencing analysis of serum-cultured dedifferentiated keratocytes (commonly referred to as corneal stromal fibroblasts) revealed the presence of both LCAT and ApoD (but not ApoA1) mRNA, which was accompanied by their respective proteins detected by immunolabeling of the cultured keratocytes and Western blot analysis of keratocyte lysates. The results indicate that keratocytes in vivo show both ApoA1 and LCAT proteins, but do not synthesize these proteins. Rather, keratocytes in vivo must take up ApoA1 and LCAT from the corneal interstitial tissue fluid.
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12
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Hu X, Weston TA, He C, Jung RS, Heizer PJ, Young BD, Tu Y, Tontonoz P, Wohlschlegel JA, Jiang H, Young SG, Fong LG. Release of cholesterol-rich particles from the macrophage plasma membrane during movement of filopodia and lamellipodia. eLife 2019; 8:50231. [PMID: 31486771 PMCID: PMC6750930 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages release large numbers of ~30-nm cholesterol-rich particles. Here, we show that those particles represent fragments of the plasma membrane that are pulled away and left behind during the projection and retraction of filopodia and lamellipodia. Consistent with this finding, the particles are enriched in proteins found in focal adhesions, which attach macrophages to the substrate. The release of particles is abolished by blocking cell movement (either by depolymerizing actin with latrunculin A or by inhibiting myosin II with blebbistatin). Confocal microscopy and NanoSIMS imaging studies revealed that the plasma membrane-derived particles are enriched in 'accessible cholesterol' (a mobile pool of cholesterol detectable with the modified cytolysin ALO-D4) but not in sphingolipid-sequestered cholesterol [a pool detectable with ostreolysin A (OlyA)]. The discovery that macrophages release cholesterol-rich particles during cellular locomotion is likely relevant to cholesterol efflux and could contribute to extracellular cholesterol deposition in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Hu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Thomas A Weston
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Cuiwen He
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Rachel S Jung
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Patrick J Heizer
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Brian D Young
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Yiping Tu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - James A Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Loren G Fong
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
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13
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Macrophages release plasma membrane-derived particles rich in accessible cholesterol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8499-E8508. [PMID: 30127022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810724115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are generally assumed to unload surplus cholesterol through direct interactions between ABC transporters on the plasma membrane and HDLs, but they have also been reported to release cholesterol-containing particles. How macrophage-derived particles are formed and released has not been clear. To understand the genesis of macrophage-derived particles, we imaged mouse macrophages by EM and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS). By scanning EM, we found that large numbers of 20- to 120-nm particles are released from the fingerlike projections (filopodia) of macrophages. These particles attach to the substrate, forming a "lawn" of particles surrounding macrophages. By nanoSIMS imaging we showed that these particles are enriched in the mobile and metabolically active accessible pool of cholesterol (detectable by ALO-D4, a modified version of a cholesterol-binding cytolysin). The cholesterol content of macrophage-derived particles was increased by loading the cells with cholesterol or by adding LXR and RXR agonists to the cell-culture medium. Incubating macrophages with HDL reduced the cholesterol content of macrophage-derived particles. We propose that release of accessible cholesterol-rich particles from the macrophage plasma membrane could assist in disposing of surplus cholesterol and increase the efficiency of cholesterol movement to HDL.
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14
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Jin X, Dimitriadis EK, Liu Y, Combs CA, Chang J, Varsano N, Stempinski E, Flores R, Jackson SN, Muller L, Woods AS, Addadi L, Kruth HS. Macrophages Shed Excess Cholesterol in Unique Extracellular Structures Containing Cholesterol Microdomains. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1504-1518. [PMID: 29853567 PMCID: PMC6023747 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Cells use various mechanisms to maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis including efflux of cholesterol from the cellular plasma membrane to cholesterol acceptors such as HDLs (high-density lipoproteins). Little is known about the transfer of cholesterol from cells into the extracellular matrix. Using a unique monoclonal antibody that detects ordered cholesterol arrays (ie, cholesterol micro[or nano]-domains), we previously identified that particles containing these cholesterol domains accumulate in the extracellular matrix during cholesterol enrichment of human monocyte-derived macrophages and are found in atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, we further investigate these deposited particles containing cholesterol microdomains and discover their unexpected morphology. Approach and Results— Although appearing spherical at the resolution of the conventional fluorescence microscope, super-resolution immunofluorescence and atomic force microscopy of in situ cholesterol microdomains, and immunoelectron microscopy of isolated cholesterol microdomains revealed that the microdomains are not vesicles or 3-dimensional crystals but rather appear as branching irregularly shaped deposits of varying size. These cholesterol microdomain-containing deposits are shed from the plasma membrane into the extracellular matrix. Conclusions— To date, research on cellular excretion of excess cholesterol has demonstrated cellular cholesterol efflux in the form of membranous vesicles and discoidal HDL particles released into the fluid-phase medium. Shedding of plasma membrane cholesterol microdomains provides an additional mechanism for cells such as macrophages to maintain plasma membrane cholesterol homeostasis. Furthermore, recognition that macrophages shed cholesterol microdomains into the extracellular matrix is important to our understanding of extracellular buildup of cholesterol in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Jin
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (X.J., Y.L., J.C., R.F., H.S.K.)
| | - Emilios K Dimitriadis
- Scanning Probe Microscopy Unit, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (E.K.D.)
| | - Ying Liu
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (X.J., Y.L., J.C., R.F., H.S.K.)
| | - Christian A Combs
- Light Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (C.A.C.)
| | - Janet Chang
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (X.J., Y.L., J.C., R.F., H.S.K.)
| | - Neta Varsano
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (N.V., L.A.)
| | - Erin Stempinski
- Electron Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (E.S.)
| | - Rhonda Flores
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (X.J., Y.L., J.C., R.F., H.S.K.)
| | - Shelley N Jackson
- Structural Biology Core, National Institute of Drug Abuse (S.N.J., L.M., A.S.W.), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ludovic Muller
- Structural Biology Core, National Institute of Drug Abuse (S.N.J., L.M., A.S.W.), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amina S Woods
- Structural Biology Core, National Institute of Drug Abuse (S.N.J., L.M., A.S.W.), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (N.V., L.A.)
| | - Howard S Kruth
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (X.J., Y.L., J.C., R.F., H.S.K.)
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15
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Temporary sequestration of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine within extracellular domains of ABCA1 during nascent HDL generation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6170. [PMID: 29670126 PMCID: PMC5906560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality and quantity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in blood plasma are important for preventing coronary artery disease. ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) play essential roles in nascent HDL formation, but controversy persists regarding the mechanism by which nascent HDL is generated. In the “direct loading model”, apoA-I acquires lipids directly from ABCA1 while it is bound to the transporter. By contrast, in the “indirect model”, apoA-I acquires lipids from the specific membrane domains created by ABCA1. In this study, we found that trypsin treatment causes rapid release of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol from BHK/ABCA1 cells, and that the time course of lipid release coincides with those of trypsin digestion of extracellular domains (ECDs) of surface ABCA1 and of release of ECD fragments into the medium. This trypsin-dependent lipid release was dependent on ABCA1 ATPase activity, and did not occur in cells that express ABCG1, which exports lipids like ABCA1 but does not have large ECDs. These results suggest that the trypsin-sensitive sites on the cell surface are the large ECDs of ABCA1, and that lipids transported by ABCA1 are temporarily sequestered within the ECDs during nascent HDL formation.
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16
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Lin XL, Hu HJ, Liu YB, Hu XM, Fan XJ, Zou WW, Pan YQ, Zhou WQ, Peng MW, Gu CH. Allicin induces the upregulation of ABCA1 expression via PPARγ/LXRα signaling in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1452-1460. [PMID: 28440421 PMCID: PMC5428973 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allicin is considered anti-atherosclerotic due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which makes it an important drug for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. However, the effects of allicin on foam cells are unclear. Thus, in this study, we examined the effects of allicin on lipid accumulation via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)/liver X receptor α (LXRα) in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. THP-1 cells were exposed to 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) for 24 h, and then to oxydized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL; 50 mg/ml) to induce foam cell formation. The results of Oil Red O staining and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed showed that pre-treatment of the foam cells with allicin decreased total cholesterol, free cholesterol (FC) and cholesterol ester levels in cells, and also decreased lipid accumulation. Moreover, allicin upregulated ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression and promoted cholesterol efflux. However, these effects were significantly abolished by transfection with siRNA targeting ABCA1. Furthermore, PPARγ/LXRα signaling was activated by allicin treatment. The allicin-induced upregulation of ABCA1 expression was also abolished by PPARγ inhibitor (GW9662) and siRNA or LXRα siRNA co-treatment. Overall, our data demonstrate that the allicin-induced upregulation of ABCA1 promotes cholesterol efflux and reduces lipid accumulation via PPARγ/LXRα signaling in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Lin
- Department of Pathology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Hu
- Department of Pathology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Bo Liu
- Medical Department of Neurology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Huizhou (The People's Hospital of Huiyang), Huizhou, Guangdong 516211, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Mei Hu
- Department of Pathology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Juan Fan
- Department of Pathology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wen Zou
- Department of Pathology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Quan Pan
- Department of Pathology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Quan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Min-Wen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Hong Gu
- Department of Pathology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
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17
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Jin X, Sviridov D, Liu Y, Vaisman B, Addadi L, Remaley AT, Kruth HS. ABCA1 (ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1) Mediates ApoA-I (Apolipoprotein A-I) and ApoA-I Mimetic Peptide Mobilization of Extracellular Cholesterol Microdomains Deposited by Macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2283-2291. [PMID: 27758769 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the function of ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) in ApoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) mobilization of cholesterol microdomains deposited into the extracellular matrix by cholesterol-enriched macrophages. We have also determined whether an ApoA-I mimetic peptide without and with complexing to sphingomyelin can mobilize macrophage-deposited cholesterol microdomains. APPROACH AND RESULTS Extracellular cholesterol microdomains deposited by cholesterol-enriched macrophages were detected with a monoclonal antibody, 58B1. ApoA-I and an ApoA-I mimetic peptide 5A mobilized cholesterol microdomains deposited by ABCA1+/+ macrophages but not by ABCA1-/- macrophages. In contrast, ApoA-I mimetic peptide 5A complexed with sphingomyelin could mobilize cholesterol microdomains deposited by ABCA1-/- macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that a unique pool of extracellular cholesterol microdomains deposited by macrophages can be mobilized by both ApoA-I and an ApoA-I mimetic peptide but that mobilization depends on macrophage ABCA1. It is known that ABCA1 complexes ApoA-I and ApoA-I mimetic peptide with phospholipid, a cholesterol-solubilizing agent, explaining the requirement for ABCA1 in extracellular cholesterol microdomain mobilization. Importantly, ApoA-I mimetic peptide already complexed with phospholipid can mobilize macrophage-deposited extracellular cholesterol microdomains even in the absence of ABCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Jin
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section (X.J., Y.L., H.S.K.) and Lipoprotein Metabolism Section (D.S., B.V., A.T.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (L.A.)
| | - Denis Sviridov
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section (X.J., Y.L., H.S.K.) and Lipoprotein Metabolism Section (D.S., B.V., A.T.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (L.A.)
| | - Ying Liu
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section (X.J., Y.L., H.S.K.) and Lipoprotein Metabolism Section (D.S., B.V., A.T.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (L.A.)
| | - Boris Vaisman
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section (X.J., Y.L., H.S.K.) and Lipoprotein Metabolism Section (D.S., B.V., A.T.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (L.A.)
| | - Lia Addadi
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section (X.J., Y.L., H.S.K.) and Lipoprotein Metabolism Section (D.S., B.V., A.T.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (L.A.)
| | - Alan T Remaley
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section (X.J., Y.L., H.S.K.) and Lipoprotein Metabolism Section (D.S., B.V., A.T.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (L.A.)
| | - Howard S Kruth
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section (X.J., Y.L., H.S.K.) and Lipoprotein Metabolism Section (D.S., B.V., A.T.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (L.A.).
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Sviridov
- aBaker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia bUniversity of California in San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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19
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Long J, Basu Roy R, Zhang YJ, Antrobus R, Du Y, Smith DL, Weekes MP, Javid B. Plasma Membrane Profiling Reveals Upregulation of ABCA1 by Infected Macrophages Leading to Restriction of Mycobacterial Growth. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1086. [PMID: 27462310 PMCID: PMC4940386 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane represents a critical interface between the internal and extracellular environments, and harbors multiple proteins key receptors and transporters that play important roles in restriction of intracellular infection. We applied plasma membrane profiling, a technique that combines quantitative mass spectrometry with selective cell surface aminooxy-biotinylation, to Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG)-infected THP-1 macrophages. We quantified 559 PM proteins in BCG-infected THP-1 cells. One significantly upregulated cell-surface protein was the cholesterol transporter ABCA1. We showed that ABCA1 was upregulated on the macrophage cell-surface following infection with pathogenic mycobacteria and knockdown of ABCA1 resulted in increased mycobacterial survival within macrophages, suggesting that it may be a novel mycobacterial host-restriction factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Long
- Collaboration Innovation Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Yuxian Du
- Collaboration Innovation Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University Beijing, China
| | - Duncan L Smith
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Babak Javid
- Collaboration Innovation Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China; Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, BostonMA, USA
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Jin X, Kruth HS. Culture of Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor Differentiated Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27404952 DOI: 10.3791/54244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A protocol is presented for cell culture of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) differentiated human monocyte-derived macrophages. For initiation of experiments, fresh or frozen monocytes are cultured in flasks for 1 week with M-CSF to induce their differentiation into macrophages. Then, the macrophages can be harvested and seeded into culture wells at required cell densities for carrying out experiments. The use of defined numbers of macrophages rather than defined numbers of monocytes to initiate macrophage cultures for experiments yields macrophage cultures in which the desired cell density can be more consistently attained. Use of cryopreserved monocytes reduces dependency on donor availability and produces more homogeneous macrophage cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Jin
- Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Howard S Kruth
- Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health;
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