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Dingha BN, Jackai LE. Chemical Composition of Four Industrial Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Pollen and Bee Preference. INSECTS 2023; 14:668. [PMID: 37623378 PMCID: PMC10455179 DOI: 10.3390/insects14080668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Apart from its economic value, industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a prolific pollen producer, serving as a food source for bees. However, little is known regarding the extent to which varietal differences in hemp pollen chemistry influences bee preference. Here, we report the chemical profile of pollen from four hemp varieties (Canda, CFX-2, Henola, and Joey) and bee abundance and diversity, using direct visual counts and pan traps. The number and type of bees on each variety was recorded and the chemical composition (proximate analysis and mineral, amino, and fatty acid profiles) of pollen from each hemp variety was determined. During the entire sampling period, three bee types (bumble bees, honey bees, and sweat bees) were recorded, with a combined total of 1826. Among these, sweat bees and bumble bees were the most prevalent and were highest on the Joey variety. The four varieties expressed protein content ranging from 6.05% to 6.89% and the highest in Henola. Seventeen amino acids were expressed in all varieties, with leucine recording the highest content ranging from 4.00 mg/g in Canda to 4.54 mg/g in Henola. In general, Henola expressed high protein, amino acid, and saturated and monosaturated fatty acid contents and recorded significantly fewer bees compared with Joey, which had a low content of these components and a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our findings suggest that, while industrial hemp offers abundant and accessible pollen that would promote bee health and sustainability of their ecosystem services, the nutritional quality may not be adequate for bee growth and development as an exclusive pollen source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice N. Dingha
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
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Pre-Treatment of Fish By-Products to Optimize Feeding of Tenebrio molitor L. Larvae. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020125. [PMID: 35206700 PMCID: PMC8880163 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The rapid population growth and the consequent increase in demand for protein-rich foods pose a challenge for the food industry. On the other hand, resources are limited and production must be sustainable. Currently, insects are accepted by the European Union as sustainable and nutritive food for humans, consequently allowing the use of seven insect species, including Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus, 1758). From a nutritional point of view, T. molitor is rich in protein (42.2–67.7%) with a good ratio of essential amino acids. However, their lipidic fraction lacks n−3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), while it is rich in n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This poses a problem for human intake, since the beneficial effect of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and a low n−6/n−3 ratio on the prevention of cardiovascular inflammation and heart disease is well known. The present study is focused on the improvement of the fatty acid profile and proximal composition of T. molitor larvae through fish discard-based diets subjected to different pre-treatments to increase the fish-based diet intake. Abstract Fish discards are organic waste with high and good-quality protein levels, as well as a fatty acid profile rich in n−3 LCPUFAs, mainly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. These discards can be used as food for Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae, thus increasing the nutritional value of this insect. This study focused on increasing larval acceptance of fish through different pre-treatments of the diets provided, as well as increasing the accumulation of EPA and DHA in fish-fed larvae. Four different diets were prepared: control (broiler feed), DGF50: 50% dried ground fish (Pagellus bogaraveo, Brünnich, 1768) + 50% broiler feed, for different periods, FGF100: 100% fresh ground P. bogaraveo and DUF100: 100% dried whole unground P. bogaraveo. Growth, mortality, proximate composition, fatty acid profile and lipid nutritional indices were determined. Larvae fed with FGF100 displayed better results among treatments, doubling the initial weight, as well as increasing their protein level and decreasing fat levels. Regarding fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were only detected in larvae fed with a fish-based diet for a period longer than 5 days. These results show that pre-treatment of fish-based diets causes changes in the growth and compositional parameters of T. molitor larvae.
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Nishidono Y, Niwa K, Kitajima A, Watanabe S, Tezuka Y, Arita M, Takabayashi J, Tanaka K. α-Linolenic acid in Papilio machaon larvae regurgitant induces a defensive response in Apiaceae. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 188:112796. [PMID: 34052696 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Papilio machaon hippocrates C. Felder et R. Felder, 1864 (Papilionidae) larvae are pests of plants of the family Apiaceae. It is unclear whether Apiaceae plants show induced defensive responses against P. machaon hippocrates larvae, and if so, how these responses are induced. Comparison of the fatty acid (FA) composition of the leaves of host plants and the regurgitant of P. machaon hippocrates larvae by LC-MS revealed a great increase in α-linolenic acid (α-LA) in the regurgitant compared with the FAs contained in the leaves. However, specific FA amino acid conjugates, known as elicitor compounds, such as volicitin, were not detected. Sterile host plants (Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk., Apiaceae) were treated with α-LA to mimic the damage made by P. machaon hippocrates larvae. After α-LA treatment to leaves, induced defensive reactions, i.e., release of volatile compounds such as α- and β-pinene and camphene (possible induced indirect defense) and the accumulation of specialized metabolites such as (R)-falcarinol and bergapten (possible induced direct defense) were observed. These findings highlight the role of α-LA in the interaction between P. machaon hippocrates larvae and Apiaceae host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Nishidono
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Niwa
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Aoi Kitajima
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Shiro Watanabe
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Tezuka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3 Kanagawa-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1181, Japan.
| | - Masanori Arita
- National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Junji Takabayashi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3 Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan.
| | - Ken Tanaka
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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Pilecky M, Závorka L, Arts MT, Kainz MJ. Omega-3 PUFA profoundly affect neural, physiological, and behavioural competences - implications for systemic changes in trophic interactions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2127-2145. [PMID: 34018324 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, much conceptual thinking in trophic ecology has been guided by theories of nutrient limitation and the flow of elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, within and among ecosystems. More recently, ecologists have also turned their attention to examining the value of specific dietary nutrients, in particular polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), among which the omega-3 PUFA, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play a central role as essential components of neuronal cell membranes in many organisms. This review focuses on a new neuro-ecological approach stemming from the biochemical (mechanistic) and physiological (functional) role of DHA in neuronal cell membranes, in particular in conjunction with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). We link the co-evolution of these neurological functions to metabolic dependency on dietary omega-3 PUFA. We outline ways in which deficiencies in dietary DHA supply may affect, cognition, vision, and behaviour, and ultimately, the biological fitness of consumers. We then review emerging evidence that changes in access to dietary omega-3 PUFA may ultimately have profound impacts on trophic interactions leading to potential changes in community structure and ecosystem functioning that, in turn, may affect the supply of DHA within and across ecosystems, including the supply for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Pilecky
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, Lunz am See, 3293, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Research, Donau-Universität Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems, 3500, Austria
| | - Libor Závorka
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, Lunz am See, 3293, Austria
| | - Michael T Arts
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, Lunz am See, 3293, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Research, Donau-Universität Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems, 3500, Austria
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Gladyshev MI, Sushchik NN. Long-chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Natural Ecosystems and the Human Diet: Assumptions and Challenges. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090485. [PMID: 31547473 PMCID: PMC6770104 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, studies of essential biomolecules, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 family (LC-PUFAs), namely eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA), have made considerable progress, resulting in several important assumptions. However, new data, which continue to appear, challenge these assumptions. Based on the current literature, an attempt is made to reconsider the following assumptions: 1. There are algal classes of high and low nutritive quality. 2. EPA and DHA decrease with increasing eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. 3. Animals need EPA and DHA. 4. Fish are the main food source of EPA and DHA for humans. 5. Culinary treatment decreases EPA and DHA in products. As demonstrated, some of the above assumptions need to be substantially specified and changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail I Gladyshev
- Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50/50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny av. 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda N Sushchik
- Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50/50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny av. 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
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Comparison of the proximal chemical and fatty acid composition of the fried grasshopper’s (Orthoptera) dish. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Popova ON, Haritonov AY, Sushchik NN, Makhutova ON, Kalachova GS, Kolmakova AA, Gladyshev MI. Export of aquatic productivity, including highly unsaturated fatty acids, to terrestrial ecosystems via Odonata. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 581-582:40-48. [PMID: 28086131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on 31-year field study of the abundance and biomass of 18 species of odonates in the Barabinsk Forest-Steppe (Western Siberia, Russia), we quantified the contribution of odonates to the export of aquatic productivity to surrounding terrestrial landscape. Emergence varied from 0.8 to 4.9g of wet biomass per m2 of land area per year. Average export of organic carbon was estimated to be 0.30g·m-2·year-1, which is comparable with the average production of herbivorous terrestrial insects in temperate grasslands. Moreover, in contrast to terrestrial insects, emerging odonates contained high quantities of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), namely eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA), which are known to be essential for many terrestrial animals, especially for birds. The export of EPA+DHA by odonates was found to be 1.92-11.76mg·m-2·year-1, which is equal to an average general estimation of the export of HUFA by emerging aquatic insects. Therefore, odonates appeared to be a quantitatively and qualitatively important conduit of aquatic productivity to forest-steppe ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Popova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Anatoly Y Haritonov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Nadezhda N Sushchik
- Institute of Biophysics of Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Svobodny av. 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Olesia N Makhutova
- Institute of Biophysics of Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Svobodny av. 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Galina S Kalachova
- Institute of Biophysics of Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Anzhelika A Kolmakova
- Institute of Biophysics of Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Michail I Gladyshev
- Institute of Biophysics of Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Svobodny av. 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
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Fatty Acid Composition of Novel Host Jack Pine Do Not Prevent Host Acceptance and Colonization by the Invasive Mountain Pine Beetle and Its Symbiotic Fungus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162046. [PMID: 27583820 PMCID: PMC5008764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are major components of plant lipids and can affect growth and development of insect herbivores. Despite a large literature examining the roles of fatty acids in conifers, relatively few studies have tested the effects of fatty acids on insect herbivores and their microbial symbionts. Particularly, whether fatty acids can affect the suitability of conifers for insect herbivores has never been studied before. Thus, we evaluated if composition of fatty acids impede or facilitate colonization of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) by the invasive mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and its symbiotic fungus (Grosmannia clavigera). This is the first study to examine the effects of tree fatty acids on any bark beetle species and its symbiotic fungus. In a novel bioassay, we found that plant tissues (hosts and non-host) amended with synthetic fatty acids at concentrations representative of jack pine were compatible with beetle larvae. Likewise, G. clavigera grew in media amended with lipid fractions or synthetic fatty acids at concentrations present in jack pine. In contrast, fatty acids and lipid composition of a non-host were not suitable for the beetle larvae or the fungus. Apparently, concentrations of individual, rather than total, fatty acids determined the suitability of jack pine. Furthermore, sampling of host and non-host tree species across Canada demonstrated that the composition of jack pine fatty acids was similar to the different populations of beetle's historical hosts. These results demonstrate that fatty acids composition compatible with insect herbivores and their microbial symbionts can be important factor defining host suitability to invasive insects.
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Popova ON, Haritonov AY, Anishchenko OV, Gladyshev MI. Export of biomass and metals from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems via the emergence of dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata). CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425516040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Gladyshev MI, Popova ON, Makhutova ON, Zinchenko TD, Golovatyuk LV, Yurchenko YA, Kalachova GS, Krylov AV, Sushchik NN. Comparison of fatty acid compositions in birds feeding in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425516040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sahoo A, Sahu S, Dandapat J, Samanta L. Pro-oxidative challenges and antioxidant protection during larval development of non-mulberry silkworm,Antheraea mylitta(Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2015.1103319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Nardella J, Terrado M, Honson NS, Plettner E. Endogenous fatty acids in olfactory hairs influence pheromone binding protein structure and function in Lymantria dispar. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 579:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Avni D, Hendriksma HP, Dag A, Uni Z, Shafir S. Nutritional aspects of honey bee-collected pollen and constraints on colony development in the eastern Mediterranean. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 69:65-73. [PMID: 25038311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pollen is the main protein and lipid source for honey bees (Apis mellifera), and nutritionally impoverished landscapes pose a threat to colony development. To determine colony nutritional demands, we analyzed a yearly cycle of bee-collected pollen from colonies in the field and compared it to colony worker production and honey bee body composition, for the first time in social insects. We monitored monthly bee production in ten colonies at each of seven sites throughout Israel, and trapped pollen bi-monthly in five additional colonies at each of four of these sites. Pollen mixtures from each sampling date and site were analyzed for weight, total protein, total fatty acids (FAs), and FA composition. Compared to more temperate climates, the eastern Mediterranean allows a relatively high yearly colony growth of ca. 300,000-400,000 bees. Colonies at higher elevation above sea level showed lower growth rates. Queen egg-laying rate did not seem to limit growth, as peaks in capped brood areas showed that queens lay a prolific 2000 eggs a day on average, with up to 3300 eggs in individual cases. Pollen uptake varied significantly among sites and seasons, with an overall annual mean total 16.8kg per colony, containing 7.14kg protein and 677g fat. Overall mean pollen protein content was high (39.8%), and mean total FA content was 3.8%. Production cost, as expressed by the amount of nutrient used per bee, was least variable for linoleic acid and protein, suggesting these as the best descriptive variables for total number of bees produced. Linolenic acid levels in pollen during the autumn were relatively low, and supplementing colonies with this essential FA may mitigate potential nutritional deficiency. The essentiality of linoleic and linolenic acids was consistent with these FAs' tendency to be present at higher levels in collected pollen than in the expected nutrients in bee bodies, demonstrating a well-developed adjustment between pollinator nutritional demands and the nutritional value of food offered by pollinated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Avni
- B. Triwaks Bee Research Center, Department of Entomology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Harmen P Hendriksma
- B. Triwaks Bee Research Center, Department of Entomology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Arnon Dag
- Gilat Research Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, 85280, Israel.
| | - Zehava Uni
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Sharoni Shafir
- B. Triwaks Bee Research Center, Department of Entomology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Qu L, Wang L, Wang Q, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Metabolic profiling of somatic tissues from Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) reveals effects of irradiation on metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10806-20. [PMID: 24937685 PMCID: PMC4100182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-level of sexual sterility is of importance for the sterile insect technique (SIT). However, the use of high-dose-intensity gamma radiation to induce sterility has negative impacts not only on reproductive cells but also on somatic cells. In this study, we investigated the metabolite differences in somatic tissues between non-irradiated, 20-Gy-irradiated, and 40-Gy-irradiated male Monochamus alternatus, an important vector of the pathogenic nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which kills Asian pines. The results showed that metabolite levels changed moderately in the 20-Gy samples but were markedly altered in the 40-Gy samples compared with the non-irradiated samples. Twenty-six and 53 metabolites were disturbed by 20-Gy and 40-Gy radiation, respectively. Thirty-six metabolites were found to be markedly altered in the 40-Gy samples but were not changed significantly in the 20-Gy samples. The comprehensive metabolomic disorders induced by 40-Gy radiation dysregulated six metabolic pathways involved in the life process. The findings presented in this manuscript will contribute to our knowledge of the characteristic metabolic changes associated with gamma-radiation-induced damage to somatic cells and will allow for better exploration of the SIT for the control of this target pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjian Qu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Lijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China.
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Gołębiowski M, Sosnowska A, Puzyn T, Boguś MI, Wieloch W, Włóka E, Stepnowski P. Application of Two-Way Hierarchical Cluster Analysis for the Identification of Similarities between the Individual Lipid Fractions ofLucilia sericata. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:733-48. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Production of EPA and DHA in aquatic ecosystems and their transfer to the land. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 107:117-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Sushchik NN, Yurchenko YA, Gladyshev MI, Belevich OE, Kalachova GS, Kolmakova AA. Comparison of fatty acid contents and composition in major lipid classes of larvae and adults of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from a steppe region. INSECT SCIENCE 2013; 20:585-600. [PMID: 23956110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2012.01582.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Emerging aquatic insects, including mosquitoes, are known to transfer to terrestrial ecosystems specific essential biochemicals, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). We studied fatty acid (FA) composition and contents of dominant mosquito populations (Diptera: Culicidae), that is, Anopheles messeae, Ochlerotatus caspius, Oc. flavescens, Oc. euedes, Oc. subdiversus, Oc. cataphylla, and Aedes cinereus, inhabited a steppe wetland of a temperate climate zone to fill up the gap in their lipid knowledge. The polar lipid and triacylglycerol fractions of larvae and adults were compared. In most studied mosquito species, we first found and identified a number of short-chain PUFA, for example, prominent 14:2n-6 and 14:3n-3, which were not earlier documented in living organisms. These PUFA, although occurred in low levels in adult mosquitoes, can be potentially used as markers of mosquito biomass in terrestrial food webs. We hypothesize that these acids might be synthesized (or retroconverted) by the mosquitoes. Using FA trophic markers accumulated in triacylglycerols, trophic relations of the mosquitoes were accessed. The larval diet comprised green algae, cryptophytes, and dinoflagellates and provided the mosquitoes with essential n-3 PUFA, linolenic, and eicosapentaenoic acids. As a result, both larvae and adults of the studied mosquitoes had comparatively high content of the essential PUFA. Comparison of FA proportions in polar lipids versus storage lipids shown that during mosquito metamorphosis transfer of essential eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids from the reserve in storage lipids of larvae to functional polar lipids in adults occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda N Sushchik
- Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50/50, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Energetic loads and informational entropy during insect metamorphosis: measuring structural variability and self-organization. J Theor Biol 2011; 286:1-12. [PMID: 21756920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work an information theory approach is presented for measuring structural variability during insect metamorphosis. Following a self-organizational perspective, the underlying assumption is that an insect pupa is a cybernetic bio-system, which displays a homeostatic control during its metamorphosis. The description of structural variability was based on biochemical data (lipids, glycogen, carbohydrates and proteins) analysed at different time intervals during the metamorphosis of Anarsia lineatella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Probabilities of biochemical variables were further treated by considering a finite countable set of progressive metamorphosis states having Markov properties at isothermal conditions (25 °C, 16:8h L:D, 65 ± 5%RH). The probabilities of the biochemical variables, as well as the related informational entropies, are affected when the system moves one step forward for each successive state. In most cases, but protein, there is some observable evidence that histolysis could be related to a decrease in informational entropy H ('disorganization of the system'), followed by a 'stable balance period' during the middle stages of metamorphosis. An initial increase in H is measured at the last stages of metamorphosis, which theoretically correspond to histogenesis ('reorganization of the system'). In this context, the temporal evolution of pupal structural variability was probabilistically quantified according to the classical information theory. The principles of the proposed holistic system are independent of its detailed dynamics and the proposed model can potentially describe part of the observable experimental data during metamorphosis of a holometabolous insect.
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Gladyshev MI, Kharitonov AY, Popova ON, Sushchik NN, Makhutova ON, Kalacheva GS. Quantitative estimation of dragonfly role in transfer of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2011; 438:141-3. [DOI: 10.1134/s1607672911030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fontaneto D, Tommaseo-Ponzetta M, Galli C, Risé P, Glew RH, Paoletti MG. Differences in Fatty Acid Composition between Aquatic and Terrestrial Insects Used as Food in Human Nutrition. Ecol Food Nutr 2011; 50:351-67. [DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2011.586316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bauerfeind SS, Fischer K, Hartstein S, Janowitz S, Martin-Creuzburg D. Effects of adult nutrition on female reproduction in a fruit-feeding butterfly: the role of fruit decay and dietary lipids. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 53:964-73. [PMID: 17493631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
It was generally believed that butterflies and other holometabolous insects rely primarily on reserves accumulated during the larval stage for reproduction. Recent studies, however, highlight the often fundamental importance of adult nutrition to realize the full reproductive potential. While the importance of carbohydrates is fairly well understood, the role of most other adult-derived substances is only partially resolved. We here focus on the effects of dietary lipids (cholesterol, polyunsaturated fatty acids) and fruit decay (dietary yeast, ethanol) on female reproduction in the tropical, fruit-feeding butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Nymphalidae). We found that banana-fed control females outperformed all other groups fed on sucrose-based diets. Lipids, yeast or ethanol added to a sugar solution did not yield a similarly high reproductive output compared to fruit-fed females. Groups fed fresh or decaying banana showed no differences in reproductive performance. As we could not identify a single pivotal substance, we conclude that resource congruence (the use of nutrient types in a specified ratio) rather than any specific nutrient component is of key importance for maximum reproductive output. Further, dietary quality may affect egg hatching success in spite of no obvious effects on egg size and number. Thus, any implications about potential fitness effects of different diets need to consider egg (and hatchling) viability in addition to fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Bauerfeind
- Department of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, P.O. Box 101 251, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Connor WE, Wang Y, Green M, Lin DS. Effects of diet and metamorphosis upon the sterol composition of the butterfly Morpho peleides. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:1444-8. [PMID: 16582035 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600056-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole body sterol metabolism in insects has seldom been studied. We were able to design an appropriate study at a butterfly farm in Belize. We collected six larvas of butterfly (Morpho peleides), their food (leaves of Pterocarpus bayessii), and their excretions. In addition, six adult butterflies were collected. The sterols of the diet, the larva, and adult butterfly were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. The structures of these sterols were identified by digitonin precipitation, GC-MS, and NMR. Four sterols (cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and sitosterol) and a sterol mixture were found in the food, the body, and the excreta of the larva. The tissue sterol content of the larva was 326 microg. They consumed 276 microg of sterols per day. Their excretion was 185 microg per day as sterols. The total tissue sterol contents of the larva and butterfly were similar, but they had different sterol compositions, which indicated interconversion of sterols during development. There was a progressive increase in the cholesterol content from larva to butterfly and a decrease in the content of sitosterol and other plant sterols, which were likely converted to cholesterol. Our data indicated an active sterol metabolism in butterfly larva. Diet played an important role in determining its sterol composition. During metamorphosis, there was an interconversion of sterols. This is the first paper documenting the fecal sterol excretion in insects as related to dietary intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Connor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA.
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