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Kafle Dahal U, Dhimal M, Budukh A, Khadka K, Poudel S, Baral G, Gyanwali P, Jha AK, Chapagain S. Burden of tobacco-related cancers in urban, semi-urban and rural setting of Nepal: Findings from population-based cancer registries 2019. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300271. [PMID: 38805435 PMCID: PMC11132438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nepal is one of the high prevalent countries for tobacco use in Southeast Asia regions. Tobacco related cancer share the major burden since a decade, however, population-based estimates is still lacking. This study provides results from population-based cancer registries on tobacco-related cancer (TRCs) burden in Nepal. METHODS The data were collected by population-based cancer registry conducted in nine districts by Nepal Health Research Council. The districts were categorized in urban, semi-urban and rural regions on the basis of geographical locations and facilities available in the regions. Analysis was done to identify tobacco-associated cancer incidence, mortality and patterns along with cumulative risk of having cancer before the age of 75 years. RESULTS Tobacco-related cancer was 35.3% in men and 17.3% in women. We found that every one in 36 men and one in 65 women developed tobacco-related cancer before age 75 in Nepal. Cancer of lung, mouth, esophagus and larynx were among the five most common tobacco-related cancers in both men and women. The incidence of tobacco-associated cancers was higher in urban region with age adjusted rate 33.6 and 17.0 per 100,000 population for men and women respectively compared to semi-urban and rural regions. Tobacco-associated cancer mortality was significantly higher compared to incidence. CONCLUSION The prevalence of tobacco-related cancer found high in Nepal despite of enforcement of tobacco control policy and strategies including WHO framework convention on tobacco control. Concerned authorities should focus towards monitoring of implemented tobacco control policy and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Kafle Dahal
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Meghnath Dhimal
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Atul Budukh
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Kopila Khadka
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sudha Poudel
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Gehanath Baral
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Pradip Gyanwali
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Anjani Kumar Jha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kathmandu Cancer Center, Tathali, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Sandhya Chapagain
- Department of Clinical Oncology, National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS), Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Gyawali B, Poudyal BS, Carson LM, Savage C, Shilpakar R, Berry S. The differential needs and expectations from general practitioners in oncology between high-income countries and low- and-middle-income countries: results from a survey of Canadian and Nepali oncologists. Ecancermedicalscience 2024; 18:1673. [PMID: 38439813 PMCID: PMC10911672 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2024.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To address the shortage of oncologists in the wake of the rapidly increasing global cancer burden, general practitioners of oncology (GPOs) have been added to cancer care teams worldwide. GPOs are family physicians with additional training in oncology and their roles differ by both country and region. In this study, we aimed to learn about the roles and expectations of GPOs from the perspective of oncologists in Canada and Nepal. Methods A survey was designed and administered to Canadian and Nepali Oncologists between February and November 2022 using Research Electronic Data Capture, a secure web-based software platform hosted at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Participants were recruited through personal networks/social media in Nepal and the survey was distributed through an email list provided by the Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists. Results The survey received 48 responses from Canadian and 7 responses from Nepali oncologists. Canadian respondents indicated that in terms of educational content delivery, clinics with oncologists followed by didactic lectures by oncologists were thought to be the most effective, followed by a small group learning and online education. Nepali oncologists also indicated didactic lectures by oncologists and small group learning would be the most effective teaching techniques, followed by online education and clinics with oncologists. Critical knowledge domains and skills most relevant for GPO training identified by Canadian respondents were managing pain and other common symptoms of cancers, as well as treatment of common side effects, followed by goals of care discussion, post-treatment surveillance for recurrence, and the management of long-term complications from treatment. Respondents from Nepal, however, suggested an approach to diagnosis to patient with increased risk of cancer, and cancer staging were the most critical knowledge domains and skills. The majority of oncologists in both countries thought a training program of 6-12 months was optimal. Conclusion We found many similarities in oncologist's opinions of GPOs between the two countries, however, there were also some notable differences such as the need to provide cancer screening services in Nepal. This highlights the need to tailor GPO training programs based on local context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Gyawali
- Department of Oncology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen’s Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Laura M Carson
- Department of Oncology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Colleen Savage
- Department of Oncology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ramila Shilpakar
- Department of Clinical Oncology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Scott Berry
- Department of Oncology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Zhang Y, Li P, Han J, Liu Y, Liu J, Li M, Wang K. Trends in gastric cancer incidence and mortality in Asia and association analysis with human development index, 1990-2019. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 88:102517. [PMID: 38141471 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the epidemiological time trends and gender, age and regional differences of gastric cancer in Asia during 1990-2019, and to analyze the association between the human development index (HDI) and the statistical indicators of the burden of disease. METHODS Describing trends in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) in Asia from 1990 to 2019 based on GBD-reported population-based surveillance of gastric cancer in Asia. Obtained ASIR, ASMR, and mortality to incidence ratios (MIR) for gastric cancer in different countries in 2019, with association analysis by Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test. RESULTS The annual percentage change in ASIR and ASMR in Asia from 1990 to 2019 was - 1.20% and - 1.91%. Male gastric cancer patients have higher ASIR and ASMR than female gastric cancer patients. Decreasing trends in ASIR and ASMR for the total population in five Asian regions. From 1990 to 2019, the average annual change in ASMR was - 2.45%, - 1.43%, - 0.53%, - 0.62%, and - 0.27% for Central Asia, East Asia, high-income Asia-Pacific, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, respectively (p < 0.05). Both incidence and mortality were concentrated in the age groups of 85-89 and 89-94 years. Classifying Asian countries into different levels of HDI, only MIR was associated with HDI levels. CONCLUSION ASIR and ASMR of gastric cancer in the total population, different regions, and countries in Asia from 1990 to 2019 showed an overall decreasing trend. The MIR index is suggestive of survival rates and the role of cancer care in individual countries. Asian countries should develop different strategies for gastric cancer screening and prevention according to high-risk age, high-risk gender and HDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Pengyan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Jinxi Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Yibo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Jikai Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Kaijuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Henan Province, China.
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Huang B, Hua J, Liu S, Wang X, Sun Z, Bai R, Dong W. Temporal trends in disease burden and attributable risk factors for tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer in Nepal, 1990-2019. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 88:102497. [PMID: 38007840 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer is one of the most common cancers in Nepal. The aim of this study was to analyze the changing disease burden and risk factors for TBL cancer in Nepal from 1990 to 2019. METHODS TBL cancer burden data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. A decomposition analysis was used to explore the impact of changes in population size, population age structure, age-specific prevalence, and disease severity on long-term trends of the TBL cancer burden in Nepal. RESULTS In 2019, TBL cancer resulted in the loss of 45.2 thousand (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 32.3-59.2 thousand) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in Nepal, with the age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates increasing by 12.7% (95% UI: -21.0 to 63.9%) and 12.8% (95% UI: -21.1 to 62.0%), respectively, compared with 1990. The proportion of DALYs due to TBL cancer increased significantly among people aged 70 years and older from 1990 to 2019. However, the proportion of DALYs due to TBL cancer still dominated among males and females aged 50-69 years. Population growth, population aging, and increased age-specific prevalence led to an increased disease burden of TBL cancer, while disease severity led to a decreased burden. In 2019, smoking remained the major risk factor for TBL cancer in Nepal, while ambient particulate matter pollution exhibited the most significant rise. CONCLUSIONS The disease burden of TBL cancer in Nepal has continued to increase over the past three decades, and given the continuing population growth and aging process, TBL cancer is likely to have a considerable impact on health in Nepal in the future. There is a need to further establish effective TBL cancer prevention and control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binfang Huang
- School of Health Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinchao Hua
- School of Health Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- School of Health Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Science and Technology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhonghe Sun
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
| | - Ruhai Bai
- School of Public Affairs, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wanyue Dong
- School of Elderly Care Services and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Shrestha S, Gan SH, Paudyal V, KC B, Sapkota S. Current practices, gaps, and opportunities on the role of clinical pharmacists in cancer pain management: Perspectives from Nepal. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2023; 29:2049-2056. [PMID: 37847760 PMCID: PMC10687799 DOI: 10.1177/10781552231205025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vibhu Paudyal
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sir Robert Aitken Institute for Medical Research, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bhuvan KC
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simit Sapkota
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kathmandu Cancer Center, Tathali, Bhaktapur, Bagmati Province, Nepal
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Civil Service Hospital, Minbhawan, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, Nepal
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Vaidya SA, Magar LR, Magar SB. Knowledge of Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention by Human Papillomavirus Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Women Attending a Tertiary Care Centre. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2023; 61:658-661. [PMID: 38289809 PMCID: PMC10566606 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.8248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women globally as well as in Nepal. It is attributable to persistent infection by high-risk human papillomavirus, especially human papillomavirus-16 and human papillomavirus-18. The aim of this study was to find out the knowledge of cervical cancer screening and prevention by human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid and human papillomavirus vaccination among women attending a tertiary care centre. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in patients attending the outpatient Department of Gynaecology in a tertiary care centre from 18 March to 30 April 2023. After calculating sample size and taking a convenience sampling a survey questionnaire on knowledge of Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention by Human Papillomavirus Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination was collected. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% confidence interval. Results Among 508 women, 42 (8.25%) (5.86-10.64, 95% Confidence Interval) had knowledge of cervical cancer screening and prevention by human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid and human papillomavirus vaccination. According to the questionnaires with a total sample of 508, 164 (32.28%) know about cervical cancer, 15 (2.95%) know about HPV infection, 14 (2.76%) know about HPV infection causes cervical cancer, and 21 (4.13%) know about HPV transmitted through multiple sex partners. Conclusions The knowledge of cervical cancer screening and prevention by human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid and human papillomavirus vaccination among women is very low. This study recommends having a health education and awareness programme on it to increase knowledge. Keywords cervical cancer; human papillomavirus; pap smear; sexual intercourse; vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Amatya Vaidya
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Silpina Budha Magar
- Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal
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Siddiqui R, Ghimire A, Muhammad JS, Khan NA. Increasing importance of breast cancer in Nepal. Hosp Pract (1995) 2022; 50:347-355. [PMID: 36106506 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2022.2125724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, breast cancer cases in Nepal are on the rise, accounting for approximately 16% of all cancer cases, making it the second most common malignancy. Given the dependence of the Nepalese on agriculture, the rampant use of pesticides as well as the presence of arsenic in water supplies might be contributing to this huge rise in cancer cases. Herein, we provide a brief overview of the status of breast cancer, its burden, risk factors, screening and modes of treatment in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Ajnish Ghimire
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, UAE
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Tamang R, Bharati L, Khatiwada AP, Ozaki A, Shrestha S. Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with the Use of Anticancer Drugs in an Oncology-Based Hospital of Nepal. JMA J 2022; 5:416-426. [PMID: 36407064 PMCID: PMC9646287 DOI: 10.31662/jmaj.2021-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. ADRs of anticancer drugs are ubiquitous. However, in Nepal, studies on chemotherapy-induced ADRs are scarce. Thus, this study aimed to assess the ADRs associated with the use of anticancer drugs and their management along with causality assessment and severity of ADRs. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional observational and single-center study was conducted at Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital, Nepal, for 6 months. All the patients who fulfilled the study criteria were analyzed to identify ADRs occurring daily. In addition, all collected data were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS A total of 861 ADRs were detected among 102 cancer patients. The mean ± S.D. age of the patients was 49.93 ± 14.27 years, and each enrolled patient experienced one or more ADRs with a mean ± S.D. of 8.44 ± 3.27. The common ADRs observed were fatigue, anorexia, alopecia, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and neuropathy. Cyclophosphamide, either alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, was responsible for most ADRs. According to Naranjo's causality assessment algorithm, most of the ADRs belonged to the probable (47.1%) category. Majority (54.9%) of the ADRs were moderate in their severity. Proton pump inhibitors, antiemetic, mouth gargle, protein powders, iron tablets, and multivitamin and mineral tablets were commonly used for ADR management. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of chemotherapy-related ADRs in each enrolled patient is a crucial concern. The present study highlights the need for active monitoring of the patients to identify and manage ADRs promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramisa Tamang
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Laxman Bharati
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Asmita Priyadarshini Khatiwada
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Service Research, Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sunil Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Service Research, Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Lalitpur, Nepal,Nobel College Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Sinamanagal, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Gyawali B, Thapa N, Savage C, Carson LM, Jalink M, Rawal M, Berry S, Sharma Poudyal B. Training General Practitioners in Oncology: A Needs Assessment Survey From Nepal. JCO Glob Oncol 2022; 8:e2200113. [PMID: 35670697 PMCID: PMC9225665 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nepal lacks enough cancer care providers to address the growing burden of cancer in the country. One way of addressing this issue is to train general practitioners (GPs) in oncology (GPOs) so that they can task-share and task-shift oncology care. However, limited information is available regarding the current level of oncology expertise of Nepali GPs and whether they perceive a need for, and have an interest in, such a GPO training program if available in Nepal. METHODS A survey was distributed to GPs in Nepal to collect data on current oncology training and clinical practice and evaluate levels of interest and need for a GPO training program. The survey was distributed electronically from February to July 2021. RESULTS The survey obtained 71 individual responses from GPs in Nepal. The majority of respondents were male (87%), and most worked as consultants or senior consultants (63%). Only 6% of respondents had a mandatory oncology rotation during their GP training, and only 15% indicated that their GP training had adequately prepared them to care for patients with cancer. Ninety-six percent of respondents perceived a need for a GPO training program in Nepal, with 94% indicating an interest in enrolling in such a program and 71% indicating that they were very interested. CONCLUSION The findings indicate an urgent need for and an encouraging interest in establishing a GPO training program in Nepal. These findings will be used to guide the development and implementation of this type of program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Gyawali
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Niresh Thapa
- Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla, Military Sadak, Chandannath, Nepal
| | - Colleen Savage
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura M Carson
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Jalink
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mangal Rawal
- Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla, Military Sadak, Chandannath, Nepal
| | - Scott Berry
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bishesh Sharma Poudyal
- Clinical Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medicine, Civil Service Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Shilpakar R, Paudel BD, Sharma R, Silwal SR, Sapkota R, Shrestha P, Dulal S, Piya MK, Tuladhar SM, Neupane P, Dhimal M, Niroula A, Uprety D. Lung Cancer in Nepal. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 17:22-29. [PMID: 34930608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramila Shilpakar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital/National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Bishnu Dutta Paudel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital/National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rajeev Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital/National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sudhir Raj Silwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Ranjan Sapkota
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prajowl Shrestha
- Chest Unit, Department of Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Soniya Dulal
- Department of Medicine, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Madan Kumar Piya
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | | | - Prakash Neupane
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Meghnath Dhimal
- Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Abesh Niroula
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dipesh Uprety
- Department of Medical Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
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