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Shi X, Liu Y, Cheng S, Hu H, Zhang J, Wei M, Zhao L, Xin S. Cancer Stemness Associated With Prognosis and the Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:651622. [PMID: 34367952 PMCID: PMC8334864 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.651622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proven to influence drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis in tumors. Our study aimed to identify stemness-related prognostic biomarkers for new therapeutic strategies in adrenocortical carcinoma. Methods RNA-seq data and clinical characteristics were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The stemness indexes, mDNAsi and mRNAsi, were calculated to classify all samples into low-score and high-score groups. Two algorithms, based on the R language, ESTIMATE and single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) were used to assess the immune cell infiltration states of adrenocortical carcinoma patients. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to find genes that were related to the stemness of cancer. By bioinformatics methods, the correlations between biomarkers capable of predicting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) responses and stemness of cancer were explored. Results High-mRNAsi predicted shorter overall survival (OS) and a higher metastatic trend in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) patients. Compared with the low-mRNAsi group, the high-mRNAsi group had a lower ImmuneScore and StromalScroe. Twenty-two stemness-related prognostic genes were obtained by WGCNA, which focused on the function of the cell cycle and cell mitosis. Immune cell infiltration, especially CD8+T cell, increased in the low-mRNAsi group compared with the high-mRNAsi group. Lower expression of PD-L1, CTLA-4, and TIGHT was evaluated in the high-mRNAsi group. Conclusions ACC patients with high-mRNAsi have poor prognosis and less immune cell infiltration. Combined with the finding of lower expression of CTLA-4, TIGHT, and PD-L1 in the high-mRNAsi group, we came to the conclusion that stemness index is a potential biomarker to predict the effectiveness of ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Shi
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanlin Liu
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Cheng
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haidi Hu
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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McHugh D, Bosl GJ, Funt SA, Feldman DR. Reply to L.H. Einhorn et al. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:3074-3075. [PMID: 32634335 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.01339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deaglan McHugh
- Deaglan McHugh, MD, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; George J. Bosl, MD, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Samuel A. Funt, MD and Darren R. Feldman, MD, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - George J Bosl
- Deaglan McHugh, MD, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; George J. Bosl, MD, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Samuel A. Funt, MD and Darren R. Feldman, MD, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Samuel A Funt
- Deaglan McHugh, MD, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; George J. Bosl, MD, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Samuel A. Funt, MD and Darren R. Feldman, MD, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Darren R Feldman
- Deaglan McHugh, MD, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; George J. Bosl, MD, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Samuel A. Funt, MD and Darren R. Feldman, MD, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
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