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Romero I, López-Guerrero JA, Pignata S. Real-world experience with trabectedin for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:1089-1095. [PMID: 34128757 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1941890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The efficacy and safety of trabectedin/pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (trabectedin/PLD) in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer have been demonstrated in randomized clinical studies. Real-world evidence is a subsequent necessary step for completing information from clinical practice. In the case of trabectedin/PLD, this evidence derives from prospective studies, retrospective analyses, and case series.Areas covered: The present narrative review provides the most relevant data about efficacy and safety of trabectedin/PLD in real-world studies, and the interpretation of the experience with trabectedin/PLD in clinical practice for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer.Expert opinion: Trabectedin/PLD has a proven antitumor activity that is maintained when administered in advanced lines. Trabectedin/PLD in patients who have relapsed between 6 and 12 months have showed comparable survival outcomes than platinum-based regimens. Moreover, the administration of trabectedin/PLD was associated with a positive survival trend after two previous platinum lines and a significantly superior PFS after subsequent platinum-based therapy. Additionally, the activity of trabectedin seems to be increased in patients with BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer. Overall, real-word evidence has confirmed that trabectedin/PLD is an effective and safe non-platinum combination for advanced lines of chemotherapy in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Romero
- outpatient services, Fundación Instituto Valenciano De Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Sandro Pignata
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
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Könsgen D, Klinkmann G, Kaul A, Diesing K, Sehouli J, Braicu I, Sümnig A, Erb HHH, Stope MB, Mustea A. Soluble heat-shock protein 27 in blood serum is a non-invasive prognostic biomarker for ovarian cancer. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 255:154-159. [PMID: 33130378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death in gynecological oncology, primarily caused by limited prognostic and therapeutic options. The heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is recognized as a prominent factor in OC, playing a pivotal role in cancer progression machinery such as treatment resistance. Thus, HSP27 may represent an appropriate biomarker for OC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy response. MATERIALS & METHODS Extracellular HSP27 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum samples of OC patients (n = 242) and compared to a non-malignant control group without any history of cancer (n = 200). Correlations between serum levels of HSP27 and clinical pathological parameters were analyzed by bivariate analysis. Survival analyses were carried out by Kaplan-Meier test. RESULTS This study demonstrated that protein levels of HSP27 are comparable in the blood serum of healthy women and OC patients. However, HSP27 levels are significantly correlated with the volume of ascites, residual tumor mass, and age at first diagnosis in OC patients. Notably, elevated levels of HSP27 demonstrate significantly higher overall survival. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings demonstrate that high levels of circulating HSP27 in serum are associated with improved overall survival of OC patients. Even though functionality of secreted HSP27 is still unclear, serum levels of HSP27 represent a putative non-invasive prognostic biomarker candidate for OC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Könsgen
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerd Klinkmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anne Kaul
- Medical Department 1, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karoline Diesing
- BASF Services Europe GmbH, Naglerstraße 4, 10245 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynecological Oncology, Charité Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Braicu
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynecological Oncology, Charité Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ariane Sümnig
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße 1, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger H H Erb
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias B Stope
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Alexander Mustea
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Arians N, Kieser M, Benner L, Rochet N, Schröder L, Katayama S, Herfarth K, Schubert K, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Lindel K, Debus J. Adjuvant intensity modulated whole-abdominal radiation therapy for high-risk patients with ovarian cancer FIGO stage III: final results of a prospective phase 2 study. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:179. [PMID: 31639066 PMCID: PMC6805440 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To assess late toxicity, quality of life and oncological outcome after consolidative whole abdominal radiotherapy (WART) following cytoreductive surgery and carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy in high risk patients with advanced ovarian cancer FIGO stage III using IMRT (Intensity modulated radiation therapy). Methods The OVAR-IMRT-02 study is a multi-center single-arm phase-II-trial. Twenty patients with optimally debulked ovarian cancer stage FIGO III with complete remission after chemotherapy were treated with intensity modulated WART. A total dose of 30 Gy in 20 fractions was applied to the entire peritoneal cavity. Primary endpoint was treatment tolerability; secondary objectives were acute and chronic toxicities, quality of life, rates of therapy disruption/abortion, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results All patients completed treatment and 10/20 patients (50%) reached the final study follow-up of 36 months. Late side effects consisted of °1-°2 lower limb edema (44.5%), with one patient (5.6%) showing °3 edema. Three patients (16.7%) showed elevated gamma-Glutamyltransferase. There were no severe late side effects regarding renal or hepatic function or any gastrointestinal toxicity greater than °2. During WART, mean global health status decreased by 18.1 points (95%-CI: 7.1–29.0), but completely normalized after 6 months. The same trend was observed for the function scale scores. Kaplan-Meier-estimated 1-, 2- and 3-year PFS was 74, 51 and 40%, respectively. 1-, 2- and 3-year OS was 89, 83 and 83%, respectively. Conclusions Intensity modulated WART after aggressive surgery and carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy is associated with an acceptable risk of acute and late toxicity and minor impact on long-term quality of life. Together with the promising results for PFS and OS, intensity modulated WART could offer a new therapeutic option for consolidation treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Trial registration The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01180504). Registered 12 August 2010 – retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Arians
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany. .,National Center for Tumor diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Meinhard Kieser
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Benner
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Rochet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Schröder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Hanau, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main, Hanau, Germany
| | - Sonja Katayama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Herfarth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Schubert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christof Sohn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Lindel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Municipal Hospital Karlsruhe gGmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Ventriglia J, Paciolla I, Cecere S, Pisano C, Di Napoli M, Arenare L, Setola S, Losito N, Califano D, Orditura M, Pignata S. Trabectedin in Ovarian Cancer: is it now a Standard of Care? Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018; 30:498-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Arians N, Kieser M, Benner L, Rochet N, Katayama S, Sterzing F, Herfarth K, Schubert K, Schröder L, Leitzen C, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Debus J, Lindel K. Adjuvant Intensity Modulated Whole-Abdominal Radiation Therapy for High-Risk Patients With Ovarian Cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage III): First Results of a Prospective Phase 2 Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 99:912-920. [PMID: 28870790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess treatment tolerance and toxicity rates of consolidative whole-abdominal radiation therapy (WART) following cytoreductive surgery and carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy in high-risk patients with advanced ovarian cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III) using intensity modulated radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS The OVAR-IMRT-02 study is a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Twenty patients with optimally debulked ovarian cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III) with complete remission after chemotherapy were treated with intensity modulated WART as a consolidation therapy. A total dose of 30 Gy in 20 fractions of 1.5 Gy was applied to the entire peritoneal cavity. The primary endpoint was treatment tolerability, defined as lack of any Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 4 toxicity within 10 weeks after start of treatment; secondary objectives were acute and chronic toxicity, quality of life, rates of therapy disruption and abortion, and progression-free and overall survival. RESULTS Intensity modulated WART resulted in excellent coverage of the whole peritoneal cavity, with effective sparing of all organs at risk. The primary analysis included all 20 enrolled patients, of whom 19 did not experience Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 4 toxicity. Only 1 patient experienced acute grade 4 hematologic toxicity. Thus, the tolerability rate of intensity modulated WART was significantly higher than 70%. No gastrointestinal acute toxicities higher than grade 2 have been observed. During WART, mean global health status decreased by 18.1 points (95% confidence interval 7.1, 29.0). Six weeks after WART, global health status had already increased, with a mean score difference of 4.6 (95% confidence interval -11.1, 20.4) compared with baseline. Similar characteristics were observed for all function scale scores. CONCLUSION Intensity modulated WART after aggressive surgery and carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy is associated with an acceptable risk of acute toxicity and a treatment tolerability rate significantly higher than 70%. Together with our knowledge about clinical feasibility, meaning excellent coverage of the planning target volume and effective sparing of organs at risk, intensity modulated WART could offer a new therapeutic option for consolidation treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Arians
- National Center for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Meinhard Kieser
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Benner
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Rochet
- National Center for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Katayama
- National Center for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Sterzing
- National Center for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Herfarth
- National Center for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Schubert
- National Center for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Schröder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln/Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Leitzen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Sohn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- National Center for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Lindel
- National Center for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Nogueira LP, Alessio R, Mantuano A, Sena G, de Almeida CE, Tromba G, Almeida AP, Salata C, Colaço MVG, Braz D, Barroso RC. Synchrotron microtomography to evaluate effects of different polychemotherapy drugs on cortical bone structure. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:726-733. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1304591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liebert P. Nogueira
- Physics Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rita Alessio
- Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Mantuano
- Physics Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Sena
- Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. de Almeida
- Radiological Sciences Department, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Salata
- CNEN, National Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos V. G. Colaço
- Physics Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Delson Braz
- Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina C. Barroso
- Physics Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Cachexia represents progressive wasting of muscle and adipose tissue and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although anorexia usually accompanies cachexia, cachexia rarely responds to increased food intake alone. Our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms responsible for cachexia remains incomplete. However, most states of cachexia are associated with underlying inflammatory processes and/or cancer. These processes activate protein degradation and lipolytic pathways, resulting in tissue loss. In this article, we briefly review the pathophysiology of cachexia and discuss the role of specific nutrient supplements for the treatment of cachexia. The branched chain amino acid leucine, the leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, glutamine, omega-3 long chain fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid, and polyphenols have demonstrated some efficacy in animal and/or human studies. Optimal treatment for cachexia is likely aimed at maximizing muscle and adipose synthesis while minimizing degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat Siddiqui
- Methodist Research Institute, 1812 N Capitol Ave, Wile Hall, Room 120, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids have been tested for the treatment of cancer anorexia/weight loss, a syndrome that predicts a poor prognosis among cancer patients with incurable disease. This review focuses on both the preclinical and clinical data of omega-3 fatty acids for treating this syndrome. Overall, the promise of the former does not seem to be borne out completely in the latter. This review includes a discussion of how these data might be interpreted and explained to cancer patients who are striving to cope with this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminah Jatoi
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, USA.
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9
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Esper DH, Harb WA. The Cancer Cachexia Syndrome: A Review of Metabolic and Clinical Manifestations. Nutr Clin Pract 2017; 20:369-76. [PMID: 16207677 DOI: 10.1177/0115426505020004369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive deterioration in nutrition status frequently seen in cancer patients is often referred to as cancer cachexia. Unlike starvation, in which fat stores from adipose are depleted and protein is spared from skeletal muscle, neither fat nor protein is spared in cachexia. Cachexia affects nearly half of cancer patients, causing the clinical manifestations of anorexia, muscle wasting, weight loss, early satiety, fatigue, and impaired immune response. Cachexia does not only impede the response to chemotherapy but also is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. According to clinical studies, increasing caloric intake does not necessarily reverse cachexia. The pathophysiology of cachexia involves more complex mechanisms than simply caloric deficiency. The process appears to be mediated by circulating catabolic factors, either secreted by the tumor alone or in concert with host-derived factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukins (IL-1 and IL-6), interferon (IFN-y), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). The successful reversal of this process will require in-depth knowledge of the mechanisms involved, which will then enable the development of effective pharmacologic interventions that may not only improve quality of life, but more importantly, improve survival among cancer patients.
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10
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Usami M, Ohata A, Kishimoto K, Ohmae K, Aoyama M, Miyoshi M, Fueda Y. Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition and Diamine Oxidase Activity of Intestinal Mucosa From Rats Treated With Irinotecan Hydrochloride (CPT-11) under Vegetable Oil–Enriched Diets: Comparison Between Perilla Oil and Corn Oil. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2017; 30:124-32. [PMID: 16517957 DOI: 10.1177/0148607106030002124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11), a topoisomerase I inhibitor highly effective for various cancers, has its dosage limited by diffuse mucosal damage with increased prostaglandin (PG) E(2). However, an analysis of intestinal phospholipid fatty acid composition after CPT-11 treatment has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate intestinal phospholipid fatty acid composition in relation to intestinal mucosal integrity and plasma and mucosal PGE(2) levels after CPT-11 treatment. The effect of dietary vegetable oil supplementation, perilla oil vs corn oil, was also evaluated. METHODS Intestinal phospholipid fatty acid composition, PGE(2) level, mucosal diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, diarrhea, and blood tests were evaluated in rats injected with CPT-11 under a conventional diet. The same parameters were compared among 3 different dietary vegetable oil supplementations: perilla oil, corn oil, and a 1:3, respectively, mixture with a semisynthetic diet during 14 days. RESULTS CPT-11 treatment caused severe diarrhea, and intestinal mucosal fatty acid composition changed with increased PGE(2) level and decreased DAO activity. Decreases in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio in colonic mucosa were observed. Perilla oil increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, and EPA/AA ratio and decreased plasma PGE(2). But the amounts used were not enough to attenuate intestinal damage from CPT-11 treatment. CONCLUSIONS CPT-11 induced changes of intestinal mucosal fatty acid composition with increased PGE(2) level and decreased intestinal integrity; perilla oil shows the possibility of being able to attenuate those changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Usami
- Division of Surgical Metabolism, Faculty of Health Science, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan.
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11
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Matsumoto Y, Miwa S, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Yano S, Uehara F, Yamamoto M, Hiroshima Y, Toneri M, Bouvet M, Matsubara H, Tsuchiya H, Hoffman RM. Intraperitoneal administration of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R inhibits disseminated human ovarian cancer and extends survival in nude mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11369-77. [PMID: 25957417 PMCID: PMC4484462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal disseminated cancer is highly treatment resistant. We here report the efficacy of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R in a nude mouse model of disseminated human ovarian cancer. The mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of the human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3-GFP. Seven days after implantation, mice were treated with S. typhimurium A1-R via intravenous (i.v.) or i.p. administration at the same dose, 5×107 CFU, once per week. Both i.v. and i.p. treatments effected prolonged survival compared with the untreated control group (P=0.025 and P<0.001, respectively). However, i.p. treatment was less toxic than i.v. treatment. Tumor-specific targeting of S. typhimurium A1-R was confirmed with bacterial culture from tumors and various organs and tumor or organ colony formation after i.v. or i.p. injection. Selective tumor targeting was most effective with i.p. administration. The results of the present study show S. typhimurium A1-R has promising clinical potential for disseminated ovarian cancer, especially via i.p. administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Matsumoto
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Shuya Yano
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Fuminari Uehara
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mako Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Makoto Toneri
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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MORAES ALANCNDE, ANDRADE CHERLEYBV, SALATA CAMILA, NASCIMENTO ANALR, RAMOS ISALIRAP, GOLDENBERG REGINACS, CARVALHO JORGEJ, MACHADO ANACS. A combination of stereological methods, biochemistry and electron microscopy for the investigation of drug treatment effects in experimental animals. J Microsc 2015; 261:267-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- ALAN CN DE MORAES
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Células-Tronco, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia; Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes; UERJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - CHERLEY BV ANDRADE
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho; Centro de Ciências da Saúde; UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - CAMILA SALATA
- Laboratório de Ciências Radiológicas, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria; Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes; UERJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - ANA LR NASCIMENTO
- Laboratório de Ultraestutura e Biologia Tecidual, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia; Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes; UERJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - ISALIRA P RAMOS
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho; Centro de Ciências da Saúde; UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - REGINA CS GOLDENBERG
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho; Centro de Ciências da Saúde; UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - JORGE J CARVALHO
- Laboratório de Ultraestutura e Biologia Tecidual, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia; Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes; UERJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - ANA CS MACHADO
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Células-Tronco, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia; Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes; UERJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Jump in the fire--heat shock proteins and their impact on ovarian cancer therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 97:152-6. [PMID: 26318096 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a major problem in gynecological oncology. Options for diagnosis and treatment of advanced stages and thus for patient prognosis have not been improved substantially over the past decades. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are characterized as stress-induced molecular chaperones performing cell survival factor functions. In cancer cells, various crucial and clinically important cell responses are vitally influenced and modulated by HSPs, e.g., cell growth and treatment resistance. Despite the limited knowledge on HSPs in OC progression, their roles as biomarkers, prognostic factors and their drug target properties appears promising for future clinical applications and therapeutic approaches.
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Hui C, Lan Z, Yue-li L, Li-lin H, Li-lin H. Knockdown of Eag1 Expression by RNA Interference Increases Chemosensitivity to Cisplatin in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Reprod Sci 2015; 22:1618-26. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719115590665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hui
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Southeast Hospital of Xiamen University (175th Hospital of PLA), Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhang Lan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Southeast Hospital of Xiamen University (175th Hospital of PLA), Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Yue-li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Southeast Hospital of Xiamen University (175th Hospital of PLA), Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Li-lin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Southeast Hospital of Xiamen University (175th Hospital of PLA), Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huang Li-lin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Southeast Hospital of Xiamen University (175th Hospital of PLA), Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
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Menczer J, Ben-Shem E, Golan A, Levy T. The Significance of Normal Pretreatment Levels of CA125 (<35 U/mL) in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2015; 6:e0005. [PMID: 25717387 PMCID: PMC4327321 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between normal CA125 levels at diagnosis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) with prognostic factors and with outcome. METHODS The study group consisted of histologically confirmed EOC patients with normal pretreatment CA125 levels, and the controls consisted of EOC patients with elevated (≥35 U/mL) pretreatment CA125 levels, diagnosed and treated between 1995 and 2112. Study and control group patients fulfilled the following criteria: 1) their pretreatment CA125 levels were assessed; 2) they had full standard primary treatment, i.e. cytoreductive surgery and cisplatin-based chemotherapy; and 3) they were followed every 2-4 months during the first two years and every 4-6 months thereafter. RESULTS Of 114 EOC patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 22 (19.3%) had normal pretreatment CA125 levels. The control group consisted of the remaining 92 patients with ≥35 U/mL serum CA125 levels pretreatment. The proportion of patients with early-stage and low-grade disease, with optimal cytoreduction, and with platin-sensitive tumors was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group on univariate analysis but not on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION It seems that a normal CA125 level at diagnosis in EOC may also be of prognostic significance for the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Menczer
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Erez Ben-Shem
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Golan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tally Levy
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Waldron L, Haibe-Kains B, Culhane AC, Riester M, Ding J, Wang XV, Ahmadifar M, Tyekucheva S, Bernau C, Risch T, Ganzfried BF, Huttenhower C, Birrer M, Parmigiani G. Comparative meta-analysis of prognostic gene signatures for late-stage ovarian cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju049. [PMID: 24700801 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer deaths in women in the United States. Numerous gene signatures of patient prognosis have been proposed, but diverse data and methods make these difficult to compare or use in a clinically meaningful way. We sought to identify successful published prognostic gene signatures through systematic validation using public data. METHODS A systematic review identified 14 prognostic models for late-stage ovarian cancer. For each, we evaluated its 1) reimplementation as described by the original study, 2) performance for prognosis of overall survival in independent data, and 3) performance compared with random gene signatures. We compared and ranked models by validation in 10 published datasets comprising 1251 primarily high-grade, late-stage serous ovarian cancer patients. All tests of statistical significance were two-sided. RESULTS Twelve published models had 95% confidence intervals of the C-index that did not include the null value of 0.5; eight outperformed 97.5% of signatures including the same number of randomly selected genes and trained on the same data. The four top-ranked models achieved overall validation C-indices of 0.56 to 0.60 and shared anticorrelation with expression of immune response pathways. Most models demonstrated lower accuracy in new datasets than in validation sets presented in their publication. CONCLUSIONS This analysis provides definitive support for a handful of prognostic models but also confirms that these require improvement to be of clinical value. This work addresses outstanding controversies in the ovarian cancer literature and provides a reproducible framework for meta-analytic evaluation of gene signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Waldron
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Aedín C Culhane
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Markus Riester
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Jie Ding
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Xin Victoria Wang
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Mahnaz Ahmadifar
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Christoph Bernau
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Thomas Risch
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Benjamin Frederick Ganzfried
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Michael Birrer
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Giovanni Parmigiani
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB).
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17
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Waldron L, Haibe-Kains B, Culhane AC, Riester M, Ding J, Wang XV, Ahmadifar M, Tyekucheva S, Bernau C, Risch T, Ganzfried BF, Huttenhower C, Birrer M, Parmigiani G. Comparative meta-analysis of prognostic gene signatures for late-stage ovarian cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014. [PMID: 24700801 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju049.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer deaths in women in the United States. Numerous gene signatures of patient prognosis have been proposed, but diverse data and methods make these difficult to compare or use in a clinically meaningful way. We sought to identify successful published prognostic gene signatures through systematic validation using public data. METHODS A systematic review identified 14 prognostic models for late-stage ovarian cancer. For each, we evaluated its 1) reimplementation as described by the original study, 2) performance for prognosis of overall survival in independent data, and 3) performance compared with random gene signatures. We compared and ranked models by validation in 10 published datasets comprising 1251 primarily high-grade, late-stage serous ovarian cancer patients. All tests of statistical significance were two-sided. RESULTS Twelve published models had 95% confidence intervals of the C-index that did not include the null value of 0.5; eight outperformed 97.5% of signatures including the same number of randomly selected genes and trained on the same data. The four top-ranked models achieved overall validation C-indices of 0.56 to 0.60 and shared anticorrelation with expression of immune response pathways. Most models demonstrated lower accuracy in new datasets than in validation sets presented in their publication. CONCLUSIONS This analysis provides definitive support for a handful of prognostic models but also confirms that these require improvement to be of clinical value. This work addresses outstanding controversies in the ovarian cancer literature and provides a reproducible framework for meta-analytic evaluation of gene signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Waldron
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Aedín C Culhane
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Markus Riester
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Jie Ding
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Xin Victoria Wang
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Mahnaz Ahmadifar
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Christoph Bernau
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Thomas Risch
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Benjamin Frederick Ganzfried
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Michael Birrer
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB)
| | - Giovanni Parmigiani
- Affiliations of authors: City University of New York School of Public Health, Hunter College, New York, NY (LW); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (LW, AC, MR, JD, XVW, ST, TR, BG, GP); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (LW, AC, CH, GP); Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (MB); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH); Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (BH);Institute for Medical Information Sciences, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (CB).
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Poveda A, Ray-Coquard I, Romero I, Lopez-Guerrero JA, Colombo N. Emerging treatment strategies in recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer: Focus on trabectedin. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:366-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Monk BJ, Kaye SB, Poveda A, Herzog TJ, Aracil M, Nieto A, Badri N, Parekh TV, Tanović A, Galmarini CM. Nibrin is a marker of clinical outcome in patients with advanced serous ovarian cancer treated in the phase III OVA-301 trial. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 132:176-80. [PMID: 24211400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between 13 proteins involved in DNA damage and the outcomes of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry staining was performed in 114 diagnostic samples from patients with serous ROC who participated in the OVA-301 study, which compared pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) with a combination of trabectedin plus PLD. Percentage of positive cells for every marker was calculated and correlated with overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS A statistically significant correlation between high levels of nibrin and lower ORR (P=0.03), shorter PFS (P=0.007) and shorter OS (P=0.01) was observed. After stratification, in patients with platinum-sensitive disease treated with the combination of trabectedin plus PLD, high levels of nibrin correlated with lower ORR (P=0.01) and shorter PFS (P=0.02). A better clinical outcome (ORR, PFS and OS) was also associated to low levels of CHK2 in trabectedin plus PLD treated patients. No correlations were found in PLD-treated patients. According to the results of a multivariate analysis, there was a statistically significant correlation between high nibrin (P=0.001) and low BRCA2 levels (P=0.03) and a worse PFS, and between high nibrin levels and a worse OS (P=0.006). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that high nibrin expression seems to be associated with a worse clinical outcome in serous ROC, particularly in patients treated with the combination trabectedin plus PLD. Prospective studies to determine clinical usefulness of nibrin as a possible biomarker in other series of patients with ROC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Monk
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Creighton University School of Medicine at St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 500 W. Thomas Road, Suite 600, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
| | - Stanley B Kaye
- Section of Medicine, Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road SM2 5PT, Sutton, UK.
| | - Andrés Poveda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Valencian Institute of Oncology and GEICO, C/Prof Baguena, 19, 46009 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Thomas J Herzog
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Miguel Aracil
- PharmaMar, S.A., Avenida de los Reyes 1, P.I. La Mina Norte, Colmenar Viejo, 28770 (Madrid) Spain.
| | - Antonio Nieto
- PharmaMar, S.A., Avenida de los Reyes 1, P.I. La Mina Norte, Colmenar Viejo, 28770 (Madrid) Spain.
| | - Nadia Badri
- PharmaMar, S.A., Avenida de los Reyes 1, P.I. La Mina Norte, Colmenar Viejo, 28770 (Madrid) Spain.
| | - Trilok V Parekh
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 920 Rt 202 Raritan, NJ 08869, USA.
| | - Adnan Tanović
- PharmaMar, S.A., Avenida de los Reyes 1, P.I. La Mina Norte, Colmenar Viejo, 28770 (Madrid) Spain.
| | - Carlos M Galmarini
- PharmaMar, S.A., Avenida de los Reyes 1, P.I. La Mina Norte, Colmenar Viejo, 28770 (Madrid) Spain.
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Trabectedin as single agent in relapsed advanced ovarian cancer: results from a retrospective pooled analysis of three phase II trials. Med Oncol 2013; 30:435. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Comparative effectiveness of platinum-based chemotherapy versus taxane and other regimens for ovarian cancer. Med Oncol 2013; 30:440. [PMID: 23307252 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to compare the two most commonly recommended chemotherapy regimens (platinum-based chemotherapy and platinum-taxane combination) with non-platinum-based chemotherapy and those with no chemotherapy in a large nationwide and population-based cohort of patients with ovarian cancer with up to 17 years of follow-up. We studied 12,181 patients diagnosed with stages I-IV ovarian cancer at age ≥ 65 in 1991-2005 from the 16 areas of the United States. We also performed matched cohort analyses based on conditional probability of receiving platinum chemotherapy in 3,428 patients. In patients with early stage ovarian cancer, those who received platinum-taxane combination had the highest 5-year all-cause (62.5 %) and cancer-specific (65.1 %) survival rates, as compared to 51.5 and 63.7 % in those without chemotherapy. After adjusting for potential confounders, hazard ratios of all-cause mortality (0.66, 95 % CI 0.55-0.79) and cancer-specific mortality (0.74, 0.61-0.90) were significantly lower in patients receiving platinum-taxane combination as compared to those without chemotherapy. Among patients with late-stage ovarian cancer, risks of mortality were significantly reduced in patients who received both platinum and taxane (0.38, 0.36-0.41 for all-cause mortality; 0.40, 0.37-0.42 for cancer-specific mortality). Dose-response relationship appeared strong within each of the three chemotherapy regimens. These results and trends were almost identical in the matched cohort. Platinum-taxane combination chemotherapy and platinum-based chemotherapy without taxane were effective in prolonging survival with a significant dose-response relationship among patients with late-stage ovarian cancer. Among those with early stage tumors, platinum-taxane combination appeared more effective than other chemotherapy regimens.
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Rafii A, Stoeckle E, Jean-Laurent M, Ferron G, Morice P, Houvenaeghel G, Lecuru F, Leblanc E, Querleu D. Multi-center evaluation of post-operative morbidity and mortality after optimal cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39415. [PMID: 22844394 PMCID: PMC3402488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE While optimal cytoreduction is the standard of care for advanced ovarian cancer, the related post-operative morbidity has not been clearly documented outside pioneering centers. Indeed most of the studies are monocentric with inclusions over several years inducing heterogeneity in techniques and goals of surgery. We assessed the morbidity of optimal cytoreduction surgery for advanced ovarian cancer within a short inclusion period in 6 referral centers dedicated to achieve complete cytoreduction. PATIENTS AND METHODS The 30 last optimal debulking surgeries of 6 cancer centers were included. Inclusion criteria included: stage IIIc- IV ovarian cancer and optimal surgery performed at the site of inclusion. All post-operative complications within 30 days of surgery were recorded and graded using the Memorial secondary events grading system. Student-t, Chi2 and non-parametric statistical tests were performed. RESULTS 180 patients were included. There was no demographic differences between the centers. 63 patients underwent surgery including intestinal resections (58 recto-sigmoid resection), 24 diaphragmatic resections, 17 splenectomies. 61 patients presented complications; One patient died post-operatively. Major (grade 3-5) complications requiring subsequent surgeries occurred in 21 patients (11.5%). 76% of patients with a major complication had undergone an ultraradical surgery (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION While ultraradical surgery may result in complete resection of peritoneal disease in advanced ovarian cancer, the associated complication rate is not negligible. Patients should be carefully evaluated and the timing of their surgery optimized in order to avoid major complications.
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Cisplatin plus paclitaxel and maintenance of bevacizumab on tumour progression, dissemination, and survival of ovarian carcinoma xenograft models. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:360-9. [PMID: 22713663 PMCID: PMC3394985 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bevacizumab is being incorporated as first-line therapy with standard-of-care chemotherapy on epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). We investigated bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy on tumour progression and mouse survival in EOC xenograft models. Methods: Bevacizumab was administered concomitantly with cisplatin plus paclitaxel (DDP+PTX), continued after induction (maintenance) or started after chemotherapy. The effect on tumour progression was monitored by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) (1A9-luc xenograft). Tumour dissemination into the peritoneal organs and ascites formation (HOC22 xenograft) was evaluated by histological analysis at the end of treatment (interim) and at euthanasia (survival). The effects on overall survival (OS) were investigated in both EOC models. Results: Bevacizumab with PTX+DDP delayed tumour progression in mice bearing EOC xenografts. OS was significantly extended, with complete responses, by bevacizumab continued after stopping chemotherapy in the HOC22 xenograft. Bevacizumab alone inhibited ascites formation, with only limited effect on tumour burden, but combined with PTX+DDP reduced ascites and metastases. Bevacizumab started after induction with PTX+DDP and maintained was equally effective on tumour progression and survival on 1A9-luc xenograft. Conclusion: Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy not only affected tumour progression, but when administered as maintenance regimen significantly prolonged survival, reducing ascites, and tumour dissemination. We believe our findings are consistent with the clinical results and shed light on the potential effects of this kind of treatment on tumour progression.
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Yin G, Alvero AB, Craveiro V, Holmberg JC, Fu HH, Montagna MK, Yang Y, Chefetz-Menaker I, Nuti S, Rossi M, Silasi DA, Rutherford T, Mor G. Constitutive proteasomal degradation of TWIST-1 in epithelial-ovarian cancer stem cells impacts differentiation and metastatic potential. Oncogene 2012; 32:39-49. [PMID: 22349827 PMCID: PMC3703656 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process for embryogenesis but is abnormally activated during cancer metastasis and recurrence. This process enables epithelial cancer cells to acquire mobility and traits associated with stemness. It is unknown whether epithelial stem cells or epithelial cancer stem cells are able to undergo EMT, and what molecular mechanism regulates this process in these specific cell types. We found that Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Stem cells (EOC stem cells) are the source of metastatic progenitor cells through a differentiation process involving EMT and Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition (MET). We demonstrate both in vivo and in vitro the differentiation of EOC stem cells into mesenchymal spheroid-forming cells (MSFCs) and their capacity to initiate an active carcinomatosis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that human EOC stem cells injected i.p in mice are able to form ovarian tumors, suggesting that the EOC stem cells have the ability to “home” to the ovaries and establish tumors. Most interestingly, we found that TWIST1 is constitutively degraded in EOC stem cells, and that the acquisition of TWIST1 requires additional signals that will trigger the differentiation process. These findings are relevant for understanding the differentiation and metastasis process in EOC stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Reproductive Immunology Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Gordon AN, Teneriello M, Janicek MF, Hines J, Lim PC, Chen MD, Vaccarello L, Homesley HD, McMeekin S, Burkholder TL, Wang Y, Zhao L, Orlando M, Obasaju CK, Gill JF, Tai DF. Phase III trial of induction gemcitabine or paclitaxel plus carboplatin followed by paclitaxel consolidation in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 123:479-85. [PMID: 21978765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The safety and efficacy of gemcitabine plus carboplatin (GC) or paclitaxel plus carboplatin (TC) induction regimens with or without paclitaxel consolidation therapy were assessed in ovarian cancer (OC). METHODS Patients with stage IC-IV OC were randomized to either GC (gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2), days 1 and 8, plus carboplatin area under the curve [AUC] 5, day 1) or TC (paclitaxel 175 mg/m(2) plus carboplatin AUC 6, day 1) every 21 days for up to six cycles. Patients with complete response (CR) were allowed optional consolidation with paclitaxel 135 mg/m(2) every 28 days for ≤ 12 months. Patients without CR received single-agent crossover therapy at induction doses/schedules until CR, disease progression (PD), or unacceptable toxicity. PD or death in 636 patients was required to compare induction arms with 80% statistical power for progression-free survival (PFS), the primary endpoint. RESULTS Randomized induction therapy was received by 820 of 919 patients enrolled; 352 patients with CR received paclitaxel consolidation whereas 155 patients without CR received single-agent crossover therapy. PFS was similar for GC and TC (median, 20.0 and 22.2 months, respectively; P=.199). Despite high censoring rates (>52%), overall survival was longer for TC (median, 57.3 versus 43.8 months for GC; P=.013). Controlling for patient characteristics including performance status, residual tumor size, and tumor stage, there was no statistical difference in a multivariate analysis (HR=1.22; 95% CI=0.99-1.52; P=.067). CONCLUSIONS GC does not improve PFS over TC as first-line induction chemotherapy in OC. Although favoring TC, overall survival analyses were limited by the study design and high censoring rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan N Gordon
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, 1400 S. Orange Avenue, Orlando, FL 32806, USA.
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Targeting angiogenesis in ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2011; 38:272-83. [PMID: 21764518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Results of standard chemotherapy in ovarian cancer are hampered by the development of drug resistance leading to disease recurrence. This prompted interest in the development of therapies targeting critical pathways responsible for tumor progression. Angiogenesis is a key process that enables ovarian cancer growth and metastasis in the peritoneal space. Its regulation relies on signaling mechanisms initiated by the vascular endothelial growth factor, the platelet-derived growth factor, the fibroblast growth factor, angiopoietins, and others. These pathways are not only important to the modulation of the tumor microenvironment and vasculature, but also control cancer cell proliferation and survival. In this review, we discuss preclinical evidence supporting the rationale for inhibiting these pathways and provide an overview for the clinical development of agents targeting them. Clinical trials evaluating such agents alone and in combination with chemotherapy are ongoing. Early clinical results position antiangiogenic therapy at the forefront of change to the standard treatment of difficult to treat ovarian cancer.
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Halle C, Lando M, Svendsrud DH, Clancy T, Holden M, Sundfør K, Kristensen GB, Holm R, Lyng H. Membranous expression of ectodomain isoforms of the epidermal growth factor receptor predicts outcome after chemoradiotherapy of lymph node-negative cervical cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:5501-12. [PMID: 21737508 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared the prognostic significance of ectodomain isoforms of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which lack the tyrosine kinase (TK) domain, with that of the full-length receptor and its autophosphorylation status in cervical cancers treated with conventional chemoradiotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Expression of EGFR isoforms was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a prospectively collected cohort of 178 patients with squamous cell cervical carcinoma, and their detection was confirmed with Western blotting and reverse transcriptase PCR. A proximity ligation immunohistochemistry assay was used to assess EGFR-specific autophosphorylation. Pathways associated with the expression of ectodomain isoforms were studied by gene expression analysis with Illumina beadarrays in 110 patients and validated in an independent cohort of 41 patients. RESULTS Membranous expression of ectodomain isoforms alone, without the coexpression of the full-length receptor, showed correlations to poor clinical outcome that were highly significant for lymph node-negative patients (locoregional control, P = 0.0002; progression-free survival, P < 0.0001; disease-specific survival, P = 0.005 in the log-rank test) and independent of clinical variables. The ectodomain isoforms were primarily 60-kD products of alternative EGFR transcripts. Their membranous expression correlated with transcriptional regulation of oncogenic pathways including activation of MYC and MAX, which was significantly associated with poor outcome. This aggressive phenotype of ectodomain EGFR expressing tumors was confirmed in the independent cohort. Neither total nor full-length EGFR protein level, or autophosphorylation status, showed prognostic significance. CONCLUSION Membranous expression of ectodomain EGFR isoforms, and not TK activation, predicts poor outcome after chemoradiotherapy for patients with lymph node-negative cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathinka Halle
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Ovarian Cancer Management: The role of imaging and diagnostic challenges. Eur J Radiol 2011; 78:41-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mury D, Woelber L, Jung S, Eulenburg C, Choschzick M, Witzel I, Schwarz J, Jaenicke F, Mahner S. Prognostic and predictive relevance of CA-125 at primary surgery of ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137:1131-7. [PMID: 21344262 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-0977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite radical surgery and chemotherapy, most patients with ovarian cancer develop recurrence and die due to progressive disease. To stratify patients for optimal therapy, prognostic and predictive factors are needed. We examined the role of pre- and postoperative CA-125 in this context. METHODS A total of 231 patients with primary ovarian cancer who presented for surgery at our institution between 1996 and 2004 were included in this study (25% FIGO stage I/II and 75% FIGO stage III/IV). The prognostic and predictive values of CA-125 serum concentrations before and after surgery as well as their correlation with clinicopathological variables were analyzed. RESULTS Median preoperative CA-125 was 61.6 kU/l (9-1,867 kU/l) in stage I/II patients and 533.15 kU/l (10-22,617 kU/l) in stage III/IV patients. Before surgery, 67% of stage I/II patients and 96% of stage III/IV patients had elevated CA-125 (>35 kU/l). There was a significant decrease in CA-125 after surgery in both patient cohorts (61.6-43.4 kU/l, P = 0.001 and 533.15-92.3 kU/l, P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, in stage III/IV patients with complete or so-called optimal (<1 cm residual disease) debulking, preoperative CA-125 levels were significantly lower than in patients with residual disease >1 cm (P = 0.01, P = 0.009, respectively). Neither CA-125 concentration before surgery nor its decrease was prognostically relevant for recurrence and survival at any stage. However, in stage III/IV patients, a high postoperative CA-125 was associated with shorter progression-free survival (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Although CA-125 serum levels differ significantly before and after surgery in early and advanced-stage ovarian cancer and preoperative CA-125 values correlate with surgical outcome in advanced-stage disease, we could not determine a preoperative cutoff value for prediction of the surgical result. A prognostic relevance was only observed for postoperative CA-125 in stage III/IV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mury
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Rochet N, Kieser M, Sterzing F, Krause S, Lindel K, Harms W, Eichbaum MH, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Debus J. Phase II study evaluating consolidation whole abdominal intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer stage FIGO III--the OVAR-IMRT-02 Study. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:41. [PMID: 21276234 PMCID: PMC3045983 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis for patients with advanced FIGO stage III epithelial ovarian cancer remains poor despite the aggressive standard treatment, consisting of maximal cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. The median time to recurrence is less than 2 years, with a 5-years survival rate of -20-25%. Recurrences of the disease occur mostly intraperitoneally.Ovarian cancer is a radiosensitive tumor, so that the use of whole abdominal radiotherapy (WAR) as a consolidation therapy would appear to be a logical strategy. WAR used to be the standard treatment after surgery before the chemotherapy era; however, it has been almost totally excluded from the treatment of ovarian cancer during the past decade because of its high toxicity. Modern intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has the potential of sparing organs at risk like kidneys, liver, and bone marrow while still adequately covering the peritoneal cavity with a homogenous dose.Our previous phase I study showed for the first time the clinical feasibility of intensity-modulated WAR and pointed out promising results concerning treatment tolerance. The current phase-II study succeeds to the phase-I study to further evaluate the toxicity of this new treatment. METHODS/DESIGN The OVAR-IMRT-02 study is a single-center one arm phase-II trial. Thirty seven patients with optimally debulked ovarian cancer stage FIGO III having a complete remission after chemotherapy will be treated with intensity-modulated WAR as a consolidation therapy.A total dose of 30 Gy in 20 fractions of 1.5 Gy will be applied to the entire peritoneal cavity including the liver surface and the pelvic and para-aortic node regions. Organ at risk are kidneys, liver (except the 1 cm-outer border), heart, vertebral bodies and pelvic bones.Primary endpoint is tolerability; secondary objectives are toxicity, quality of life, progression-free and overall survival. DISCUSSION Intensity-modulated WAR provides a new promising option in the consolidation treatment of ovarian carcinoma in patients with a complete pathologic remission after adjuvant chemotherapy. Further consequent studies will be needed to enable firm conclusions regarding the value of consolidation radiotherapy within the multimodal treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01180504.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Rochet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Mullerian inhibiting substance preferentially inhibits stem/progenitors in human ovarian cancer cell lines compared with chemotherapeutics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:18874-9. [PMID: 20952655 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1012667107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are proposed to be tumor-initiating cells capable of tumorigenesis, recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance, and, like somatic stem cells, are thought to be capable of unlimited self-renewal and, when stimulated, proliferation and differentiation. Here we select cells by expression of a panel of markers to enrich for a population with stem cell-like characteristics. A panel of eight was initially selected from 95 human cell surface antigens as each was shared among human ovarian primary cancers, ovarian cancer cell lines, and normal fimbria. A total of 150 combinations of markers were reduced to a panel of three--CD44, CD24, and Epcam--which selected, in three ovarian cancer cell lines, those cells which best formed colonies. Cells expressing CD44, CD24, and Epcam exhibited stem cell characteristics of shorter tumor-free intervals in vivo after limiting dilution, and enhanced migration in invasion assays in vitro. Also, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and paclitaxel increased this enriched population which, conversely, was significantly inhibited by Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) or the MIS mimetic SP600125. These findings demonstrate that flow cytometry can be used to detect a population which shows differential drug sensitivity, and imply that treatment of patients can be individualized to target both stem/progenitor cell enriched and nonenriched subpopulations. The findings also suggest that this population, amenable to isolation by flow cytometry, can be used to screen for novel treatment paradigms, including biologic agents such as MIS, which will improve outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer.
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Fagotti A, Gallotta V, Romano F, Fanfani F, Rossitto C, Vizzielli G, Costantini B, Scambia G. Role of cytoreductive surgery in recurrent ovarian cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/thy.09.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Phase 3 randomised study of canfosfamide (Telcyta®, TLK286) versus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin or topotecan as third-line therapy in patients with platinum-refractory or -resistant ovarian cancer. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:2324-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Rochet N, Sterzing F, Jensen AD, Dinkel J, Herfarth KK, Schubert K, Eichbaum MH, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Debus J, Harms W. Intensity-modulated whole abdominal radiotherapy after surgery and carboplatin/taxane chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer: phase I study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 76:1382-9. [PMID: 19628341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility and toxicity of consolidative intensity-modulated whole abdominal radiotherapy (WAR) after surgery and chemotherapy in high-risk patients with advanced ovarian cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS Ten patients with optimally debulked ovarian cancer International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage IIIc were treated in a Phase I study with intensity-modulated WAR up to a total dose of 30 Gy in 1.5-Gy fractions as consolidation therapy after adjuvant carboplatin/taxane chemotherapy. Treatment was delivered using intensity-modulated radiotherapy in a step-and-shoot technique (n = 3) or a helical tomotherapy technique (n = 7). The planning target volume included the entire peritoneal cavity and the pelvic and para-aortal node regions. Organs at risk were kidneys, liver, heart, vertebral bodies, and pelvic bones. RESULTS Intensity-modulated WAR resulted in an excellent coverage of the planning target volume and an effective sparing of the organs at risk. The treatment was well tolerated, and no severe Grade 4 acute side effects occurred. Common Toxicity Criteria Grade III toxicities were as follows: diarrhea (n = 1), thrombocytopenia (n = 1), and leukopenia (n = 3). Radiotherapy could be completed by all the patients without any toxicity-related interruption. Median follow-up was 23 months, and 4 patients had tumor recurrence (intraperitoneal progression, n = 3; hepatic metastasis, n = 1). Small bowel obstruction caused by adhesions occurred in 3 patients. CONCLUSIONS The results of this Phase I study showed for the first time, to our knowledge, the clinical feasibility of intensity-modulated whole abdominal radiotherapy, which could offer a new therapeutic option for consolidation treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma after adjuvant chemotherapy in selected subgroups of patients. We initiated a Phase II study to further evaluate the toxicity of this intensive multimodal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Rochet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Bozzetti F, Mariani L. Defining and classifying cancer cachexia: a proposal by the SCRINIO Working Group. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008; 33:361-7. [PMID: 19109514 DOI: 10.1177/0148607108325076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cancer cachexia is widely diffuse in the cancer patient population, there is no objective definition and classification of this syndrome. The purpose of this study is to propose a simple and quick classification that relies on the severity of the body weight loss and presence/absence of symptoms that are associated with cancer cachexia. METHODS The authors used a database of an ongoing multicenter prospective investigation on the screening of the nutrition risk of 1307 cancer outpatients from different (mainly Italian) university or scientific institutes or hospitals. The database included demographic, oncologic, clinical, and nutrition data. The patients were divided into 4 classes based on combinations of body weight loss (< 10%, precachexia; > or = 10%, cachexia) and the presence/absence of at least 1 symptom of anorexia, fatigue, or early satiation. The authors verified statistically whether these 4 classes were associated with the distribution of main clinical, nutrition, and oncologic variables, after adjustment for treatment status, by using the Cochrane-Mantel-Hanszel test for count data and ANOVA for continuous data. RESULTS Moving from "asymptomatic precachexia" (class 1) to "symptomatic cachexia" (class 4), there were statistically significant trends (P < .0001) in the percentage of gastrointestinal vs nongastrointestinal tumors, severity of cancer stage, percentage of weight loss, number of symptoms per patient, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, and nutritional risk score. CONCLUSIONS The statistical analysis has validated the classification by identifying stages with different severity of cachexia. This classification could be adopted within a comprehensive oncologic approach to the weight-losing patients, until more specific diagnostic techniques are available in clinical practice.
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Hashimoto H, Sudo T, Mikami Y, Otani M, Takano M, Tsuda H, Itamochi H, Katabuchi H, Ito M, Nishimura R. Germ cell specific protein VASA is over-expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer and disrupts DNA damage-induced G2 checkpoint. Gynecol Oncol 2008; 111:312-9. [PMID: 18805576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 08/10/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer cells have characteristics, such as high telomerase activity and high levels of migration activity and proliferation, which are very similar to those of germ cell lineages. In this study, we examined the expression of VASA, a germ cell lineage specific marker and evaluated its clinical significance in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS We investigated VASA expression in 75 EOC tissues by immunohistochemistry, correlating results with clinicopathological factors. To clarify the effects of VASA on cellular phenotypes, we compared the protein expression profiles between SKOV-3 cells stably expressing VASA (SKOV-3-VASA) and vector-control cell lines by coupling 2D fingerprinting and identification of proteins by mass spectrometry. RESULTS VASA expression in tumor cells was found in 21 of 75 cases and was positively correlated with high age and serous histology. Significant down-regulation of 14-3-3sigma was observed in SKOV-3-VASA versus control cells. Over-expression of VASA abrogates the G2 checkpoint, induced by DNA damage, by down-regulating the expression of 14-3-3sigma. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that VASA may either play a direct role in the progression of EOC or serve as a valuable marker of tumorigenesis.
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Papadimitriou C, Dafni U, Anagnostopoulos A, Vlachos G, Voulgaris Z, Rodolakis A, Aravantinos G, Bamias A, Bozas G, Kiosses E, Gourgoulis GM, Efstathiou E, Dimopoulos MA. High-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation as consolidation treatment in patients with chemosensitive ovarian cancer: results of a single-institution randomized trial. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 41:547-54. [PMID: 18026149 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The role of high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains controversial. This study was initiated to compare the efficacy and tolerability of HDCT as a consolidation approach in women with chemosensitive advanced EOC (FIGO stages IIC-IV). Patients who had achieved their first clinical complete remission after six cycles of conventional paclitaxel and carboplatin combination chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive or not high-dose melphalan. The primary objective was to compare time to disease progression (TTP). A total of 80 patients were enrolled onto the trial. Patients who were randomized to receive HDCT were initially treated with cyclophosphamide 4 g/m(2) for PBPC mobilization. HDCT consisted of melphalan 200 mg/m(2). Of the 37 patients who were allocated to HDCT, 11 (29.7%) did not receive melphalan either due to patient refusal (n=5) or due to failure of PBPC mobilization (n=6). In an intent-to-treat analysis, there were no significant differences between the two arms in TTP (P=0.059) as well as in overall survival (OS) (P=0.38).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Papadimitriou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
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Du XL, Sun CC, Milam MR, Bodurka DC, Fang S. Ethnic differences in socioeconomic status, diagnosis, treatment, and survival among older women with epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 18:660-9. [PMID: 17892451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.01081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the ethnic disparities in socioeconomic status (SES) and in receiving definitive surgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy and to examine if these differences contribute to ethnic disparities in survival. We studied a population-based cohort of 5131 women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer at age >or=65 between 1992 and 1999, identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare linked databases with up to 11 years of follow-up. The percentage of women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer at advanced stage (stage III or IV) was 71.6% in Caucasians and 69.7% in African-Americans. Of these 4264 with stage IC-IV disease who are recommended for chemotherapy, fewer African-Americans received chemotherapy compared to Caucasians (50.2% versus 64.7%, P < 0.001). The risk of all-cause mortality in African-Americans was not significantly different from Caucasians (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.88-1.13) after controlling for patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and comorbidity. The HR remained not significant in African-Americans compared to Caucasians after additionally adjusting for treatments (0.93, 0.82-1.06) or SES (0.94, 0.82-1.08) or both (0.88, 0.77-1.01). Women who underwent cancer-directed surgery and received adjuvant chemotherapy were 50% less likely to die than those who did not. The survival benefits from these therapies were similar in Caucasian and African-American women with ovarian cancer. There was no significant difference in survival between African-American and Caucasian women with ovarian cancer after adjusting for tumor characteristics, treatment, and sociodemographic factors. Although adjuvant chemotherapy was effective in prolonging survival, substantial numbers of women with ovarian cancer still did not receive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Du
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Abstract
Cachexia involves progressive loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass and is common in a number of end-stage diseases. Cachexia causes weakness and immobility, reduces the quality of life of the patient, and eventually results in death. We reviewed the medical literature concentrating upon agents that have undergone clinical evaluation for the treatment of patients with cachexia. These agents are discussed, together with their mechanisms of action. Megestrol acetate, corticosteroids, eicosapentaenoic acid, and thalidomide have shown some success in the treatment of cachexia. beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, and growth hormone are undergoing clinical evaluation. Appetite stimulants such as cannabinoids and antiserotonic agents have been shown to be ineffective in preventing progressive weight loss in cachexia. Much of the success in the treatment of cachexia has come from agents capable of blocking protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway. Muscle mass can be increased when such agents are combined with agents that stimulate protein synthesis. In order to develop new agents, more fundamental research is required on the cellular mechanisms governing protein synthesis and degradation in skeletal muscle in cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Tisdale
- Molecular Biosciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom.
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40
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Abstract
In essence, dose densification is "accelerated therapy" (a commonly used phrase in radiotherapeutics) and is a form of dose intensification because the amount of drug per unit time (dose intensity = mg/m(2)/week) is increased. There is general consensus that increasing platinum dose intensity in ovarian carcinoma has not been proven despite a dozen or more randomized trials evaluating up to twofold increases in dose intensity. Few randomized trials in ovarian carcinoma have compared weekly "dose dense" chemotherapy with more conventional dosing schedules although there are plenty of phase II studies. In these, dose densification of single agent therapy, for some drugs at least, appears to be relatively well tolerated, with encouraging levels of activity in patients purportedly refractory to the same agents when scheduled in the standard way. However, many studies ostensibly evaluating "dose density" do not actually evaluate this entity, but actually split the standard 3-weekly dose into weekly fragments thus maintaining the same dose intensity. Furthermore, as the aim of treatment in recurrent ovarian cancer is palliation, weekly treatments are less convenient, are probably less cost effective, and have different dose-limiting toxicities. This article will review the clinical data supporting dose density as a therapeutic maneuver in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Vasey
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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41
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Gronlund B, Christensen IJ, Bülow-Lehnsby AL, Engelholm SA, Hansen HH, Høgdall C. Recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: validation and improvement of an established prognostic index. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006; 123:98-106. [PMID: 15896897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2005.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To validate and improve an established prognostic index in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. METHODS A Canadian three-covariate prognostic index (tumour grade at diagnosis, initial performance status, and time to relapse/primary progression (TRP)) was validated in a well-defined cohort of comparable Danish patients. Potential parameters to be included in an improved prognostic index were revealed by univariate and multivariate analyses in the Danish validation group. RESULTS The Canadian index validated in the Danish patient population (n=189) found a statistical significant difference in survival between the prognostic groups good and intermediate (P<0.0001), whereas there was no significant difference in survival between the prognostic groups intermediate and poor (P=0.51). In order to improve the accuracy of the index, the candidate parameters, treatment free interval (TFI), CA125 level and performance status, at time of relapse/primary progression, were added, whereas the parameters, tumour grade, and initial performance status, from the Canadian index were excluded. As the correlation coefficient between TRP and TFI was very high (r=0.91), TRP was substituted with TFI in the improved prognostic model. The final model was: 0.8 (performance status)+0.33 log (CA125)-1.31 log (TFI). The improved model was a good predictor of one-year survival (AUC 0.85; logistic regression; P<0.0001). The median survival (with 95% CI) of the four prognostic groups (A-D) was 50.6 (34.0-not available), 25.0 (22.1-33.6), 11.3 (8.5-12.9), and 5.2 (3.5-6.3) months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A novel prognostic model (the Copenhagen index) for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gronlund
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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George JA, Chen T, Taylor CC. SRC tyrosine kinase and multidrug resistance protein-1 inhibitions act independently but cooperatively to restore paclitaxel sensitivity to paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Res 2006; 65:10381-8. [PMID: 16288028 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Src tyrosine kinase has been found to be overexpressed in both mouse and human ovarian cancer cells as well as in human primary ovarian cancers. Furthermore, Src inhibition sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxel and cisplatin. Interestingly, Src inhibition has also been shown to resensitize paclitaxel-resistant cells to the cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel. The current study was undertaken in an effort to determine the mechanism by which Src resensitizes drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells. The paclitaxel-resistant human (CaOV3TaxR) and mouse (ID8TaxR) ovarian cancer cell lines express large amounts of the multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) protein compared with the paclitaxel-sensitive parent cell lines. Src inhibition had no effect on MDR-1 protein expression. Furthermore, Src inhibition did not affect MDR-1 function as determined by rhodamine 123 and paclitaxel uptake or retention. Coinhibition of both Src and MDR-1 synergistically enhanced paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. Inhibition of Src enhanced microtubule stabilization in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells treated with paclitaxel without affecting expression of beta-tubulin isotypes and resulted in multipolar spindle formation and apoptosis. These results show that Src inhibition restores paclitaxel sensitivity to paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells by an MDR-independent mechanism, possibly by decreasing the critical intracellular concentration at which paclitaxel induces tubulin stabilization and bundling. Src tyrosine kinase may provide a viable target for therapeutic intervention in drug-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A George
- Department of Cell Biology, Vincent T. Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, USA
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Vasey PA. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Future Oncol 2005; 1:289-92. [PMID: 16556000 DOI: 10.1517/14796694.1.3.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Chen T, Pengetnze Y, Taylor CC. Src inhibition enhances paclitaxel cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells by caspase-9-independent activation of caspase-3. Mol Cancer Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.217.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Src tyrosine kinase has been found to be overexpressed and activated in a high proportion of ovarian cancers and ovarian cancer cell lines. Furthermore, Src activation is associated with activation of growth and survival signaling pathways. The present study was conducted in order to determine the effects of Src inhibition on ovarian cancer cell survival in response to chemotherapeutic agents. Inhibition of Src, either pharmacologically or through expression of a Src dominant-negative fusion construct, enhanced the cytotoxicity of two different classes of chemotherapeutics: paclitaxel and cisplatinum, in both mouse and human ovarian cancer cells. Interestingly, Src inhibition also restored sensitivity to drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells. The increased cytotoxicity in response to Src inhibition was associated with a large increase in processing and activation of caspase-3. The activation of caspase-3 seems to be independent of cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation. The present study indicates that Src tyrosine kinase may provide an important target for small molecule inhibition in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Vincent T. Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Yolande Pengetnze
- Department of Cell Biology, Vincent T. Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Christopher C. Taylor
- Department of Cell Biology, Vincent T. Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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Berkenblit A, Seiden MV, Matulonis UA, Penson RT, Krasner CN, Roche M, Mezzetti L, Atkinson T, Cannistra SA. A phase II trial of weekly docetaxel in patients with platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal serous cancer, or fallopian tube cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 95:624-31. [PMID: 15581974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the activity and tolerability of weekly docetaxel in patients with platinum-resistant mullerian origin tumors. METHODS Patients with persistent disease, or those recurring less than 6 months after receiving platinum-containing therapy, were eligible for this phase II study. Docetaxel was initially administered at a dose of 40 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15, with a cycle length of 28 days. This starting dose was subsequently reduced to 30 mg/m(2) due to toxicity. Dexamethasone prophylaxis was administered at a dose of 4 mg PO every 12 hours for 3 doses, starting 12 hours before each dose of docetaxel. RESULTS Thirty-two patients were enrolled, with a median age of 59 years. The majority of patients received a median of 3 prior regimens, with 45% of the study group having received 4 or more prior regimens. The overall response rate in 29 evaluable patients was 6.9%, with no complete responses. Seventeen percent of patients experienced stable disease. Dose reduction or delay was required in 10 of the first 22 patients enrolled, prompting a reduction in the starting dose to 30 mg/m(2). Hematologic toxicity was generally tolerable, and no patient experienced febrile neutropenia. Non-hematologic toxicity was generally grade 1 in nature, although a combination of multiple low grade toxicities occurring in an individual patient oftentimes mandated dose reduction. CONCLUSIONS Weekly docetaxel demonstrated modest activity in a heavily pre-treated, platinum-resistant population. A starting docetaxel dose of 30 mg/m(2) would be reasonable for future studies exploring the utility of weekly dosing in less heavily pre-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Berkenblit
- Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center Program in Gynecologic Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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