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Head-to-head comparison of the impact of Aurora A, Aurora B, Repp86, CDK1, CDK2 and Ki67 expression in two of the most relevant gynaecological tumor entities. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:813-23. [PMID: 27101368 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The dysregulation of cell cycle kinases plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis and the expression of various kinases has been attributed to aggressive tumor growth and an unfavourable prognosis in oncological patients. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the expression of Ki67 among five additional cell cycle kinases in a collective of mammary and ovarian tumor specimens and to find a correlation with clinicopathological parameters. METHODS 76 mammary and 93 ovarian benign and malignant tumor samples were immunohistochemically stained and evaluated for the expression of Aurora A and B, Repp86, CDK1 and 2 (only breast specimens) and Ki67. The expression patterns of these cell cycle kinases were matched with retrospectively collected clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS All examined cell cycle kinases accurately discriminated benign from malignant breast and ovarian tissues. In breast cancer, Aurora A and B-, Repp86-, CDK2- and Ki67-expression was inversely associated with ER expression. No correlation with the HER2-status was found in our collective. Importantly, we found a significant correlation between the expression of Aurora A and CDK1 and axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Furthermore, a shortened disease free survival (DFS) upon expression of Aurora B and CDK2 was shown in breast cancer patients. None of the cell cycle kinases was associated with predictive or prognostic factors in epithelial ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION The prognostic value of the expression of Ki67 is overtrumped by alternative cell cycle kinases when it comes to prediction of axillary tumor spread and a shortened DFS, which might allow a further risk stratification in breast cancer patients.
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Neumayer G, Belzil C, Gruss OJ, Nguyen MD. TPX2: of spindle assembly, DNA damage response, and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3027-47. [PMID: 24556998 PMCID: PMC11114040 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
For more than 15 years, TPX2 has been studied as a factor critical for mitosis and spindle assembly. These functions of TPX2 are attributed to its Ran-regulated microtubule-associated protein properties and to its control of the Aurora A kinase. Overexpressed in cancers, TPX2 is being established as marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of malignancies. During interphase, TPX2 resides preferentially in the nucleus where its function had remained elusive until recently. The latest finding that TPX2 plays a role in amplification of the DNA damage response, combined with the characterization of TPX2 knockout mice, open new perspectives to understand the biology of this protein. This review provides an historic overview of the discovery of TPX2 and summarizes its cytoskeletal and signaling roles with relevance to cancer therapies. Finally, the review aims to reconcile discrepancies between the experimental and pathological effects of TPX2 overexpression and advances new roles for compartmentalized TPX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Neumayer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada,
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3
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Upregulation of the TPX2 gene is associated with enhanced tumor malignance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 67:751-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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4
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Pérez de Castro I, Malumbres M. Mitotic Stress and Chromosomal Instability in Cancer: The Case for TPX2. Genes Cancer 2013; 3:721-30. [PMID: 23634259 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912473306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle deregulation is a common motif in human cancer, and multiple therapeutic strategies are aimed to prevent tumor cell proliferation. Whereas most current therapies are designed to arrest cell cycle progression either in G1/S or in mitosis, new proposals include targeting the intrinsic chromosomal instability (CIN, an increased rate of gain or losses of chromosomes during cell division) or aneuploidy (a genomic composition that differs from diploid) that many tumor cells display. Why tumors cells are chromosomally unstable or aneuploid and what are the consequences of these alterations are not completely clear at present. Several mitotic regulators are overexpressed as a consequence of oncogenic alterations, and they are likely to alter the proper regulation of chromosome segregation in cancer cells. In this review, we propose the relevance of TPX2, a mitotic regulator involved in the formation of the mitotic spindle, in oncogene-induced mitotic stress. This protein, as well as its partner Aurora-A, is frequently overexpressed in human cancer, and its deregulation may participate not only in chromosome numeric aberrations but also in other forms of genomic instability in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Pérez de Castro
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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Izycka-Swieszewska E, Wozniak A, Kot J, Grajkowska W, Balcerska A, Perek D, Dembowska-Baginska B, Klepacka T, Drozynska E. Prognostic significance of HER2 expression in neuroblastic tumors. Mod Pathol 2010; 23:1261-8. [PMID: 20581805 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
HER2 is essential for normal embryonic development and has a critical function in oncogenesis and progression of some types of cancer. Neuroblastic tumors create a heterogenous group of pediatric embryonal tumors of sympathoadrenal lineage. The biological and prognostic function of HER2 in these tumors is not well established. In this study, we evaluated the status of HER2, its prognostic significance, and clinicopathological correlations in series of 79 untreated neuroblastoma. The immunohistochemical assessment of HER2 and Ki-67 (proliferation index) as well as HER2 copy number status were performed on tissue microarrays. HER2 expression characterized 63 tumors, including 34 with low and 29 with high level, showing either membranous or mixed membranous-cytoplasmic pattern. Sixteen cases were HER2 immunonegative. The pattern of immunolabeling depended on the maturity of neuroblastic cells, being the most intense in differentiating neuroblasts. None of the tumors revealed HER2 amplification. In the examined group, 20% of patients died of disease from 4 to 107 months (median 18) from the diagnosis, and the survivors were followed up for 14-149 months (median 59). Patients' age, stage of disease, tumor location, mitosis/karyorrhexis index (MKI), and presence of HER2 expression were statistically significantly related to survival probability as detected by the Cox proportional hazard model. In the univariate analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves revealed significantly poorer outcome of HER2 negative than HER2-positive tumors (either low or high expression). The immunonegativity was associated with adverse clinicopathological parameters, including poor survival, metastatic stage of disease, un- or poorly differentiated histology, high MKI, and higher proliferation index. In conclusion, HER2 expression, not accompanied by gene amplification, is common in neuroblastic tumors. HER2 positivity seems to have a positive prognostic significance. HER2 expression with a variable pattern is a marker of the stage of neuroblastic cells differentiation.
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6
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Expression of targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 is associated with progression of human malignant astrocytoma. Brain Res 2010; 1352:200-7. [PMID: 20599806 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In humans, the targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) is a cell cycle-associated protein, and altered TPX2 expression has been found in various malignancies. However, the contribution of TPX2 expression to astrocytoma progression is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate TPX2 expression in human astrocytoma samples and cell lines. TPX2 protein expression was detected in the nucleus of astrocytoma tissues by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of TPX2 were higher in high-grade astrocytoma tissues and cell lines than that in low-grade astrocytoma tissues and normal cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues from 52 patients with astrocytoma showed that TPX2 over-expression was significantly associated with decreased patient survival. In addition, down-regulation of the TPX2 gene by RNA interference inhibited proliferation of U87 cells. TPX2 gene silencing also increased early-stage apoptosis in U87 cells. Western blotting and real-time PCR showed changes in the protein and mRNA expression of Aurora A, Ran, p53, c-Myc and cyclin B1 in U87 cells that had been transfected with pSUPER/TPX2/siRNA. These data suggest that TPX2 expression is associated with the progression of malignant astrocytoma.
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Oberthuer A, Theissen J, Westermann F, Hero B, Fischer M. Molecular characterization and classification of neuroblastoma. Future Oncol 2009; 5:625-39. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For many decades, neuroblastoma has remained a challenging disease for both clinicians and researchers. Now, techniques that efficiently specify both comprehensive genetic and gene-expression alterations of neuroblastoma tumors have provided molecular markers that indicate tumor behavior and patient outcome with very high accuracy. Once the anticipated value of these markers has been confirmed in ongoing studies, patients may profit from more accurate risk assessment by integrating these markers into clinical routine. Moreover, disclosing further tumor-initiating events, such as the recently revealed oncogenic mutations of ALK, will further promote the elucidation of the genetic etiology of the disease. Together with recent information on altered signaling pathways in aggressively growing tumors, this knowledge will help to establish therapeutic strategies specifically targeting molecular key factors of neuroblastoma tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Oberthuer
- University Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jessica Theissen
- University of Cologne, Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Department of Tumor Genetics German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Hero
- University of Cologne, Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- University of Cologne, Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
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Pascreau G, Eckerdt F, Lewellyn AL, Prigent C, Maller JL. Phosphorylation of p53 is regulated by TPX2-Aurora A in xenopus oocytes. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:5497-505. [PMID: 19121998 PMCID: PMC2645813 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805959200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 is an important tumor suppressor regulating the cell cycle at multiple
stages in higher vertebrates. The p53 gene is frequently deleted or mutated in
human cancers, resulting in loss of p53 activity. This leads to centrosome
amplification, aneuploidy, and tumorigenesis, three phenotypes also observed
after overexpression of the oncogenic kinase Aurora A. Accordingly, recent
studies have focused on the relationship between these two proteins. p53 and
Aurora A have been reported to interact in mammalian cells, but the function
of this interaction remains unclear. We recently reported that
Xenopus p53 can inhibit Aurora A activity in vitro but only
in the absence of TPX2. Here we investigate the interplay between
Xenopus Aurora A, TPX2, and p53 and show that newly synthesized TPX2
is required for nearly all Aurora A activation and for full p53 synthesis and
phosphorylation in vivo during oocyte maturation. In vitro,
phosphorylation mediated by Aurora A targets serines 129 and 190 within the
DNA binding domain of p53. Glutathione S-transferase pull-down
studies indicate that the interaction occurs via the p53 transactivation
domain and the Aurora A catalytic domain around the T-loop. Our studies
suggest that targeting of TPX2 might be an effective strategy for specifically
inhibiting the phosphorylation of Aurora A substrates, including p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Pascreau
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Jackson AL, Mao M, Kobayashi S, Ward T, Biery M, Dai H, Bartz SR, Linsley PS. Chromosome 20q amplification regulates in vitro response to Kinesin-5 inhibitor. Cancer Inform 2008; 6:147-64. [PMID: 19259408 PMCID: PMC2621078 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified gene expression signatures predicting responsiveness to a Kinesin-5 (KIF11) inhibitor (Kinesin-5i) in cultured colon tumor cell lines. Genes predicting resistance to Kinesin-5i were enriched for those from chromosome 20q, a region of frequent amplification in a number of tumor types. siRNAs targeting genes in this chromosomal region identified AURKA, TPX2 and MYBL2 as genes whose disruption enhances response to Kinesin-5i. Taken together, our results show functional interaction between these genes, and suggest that their overexpression is involved in resistance to Kinesin-5i. Furthermore, our results suggest that patients whose tumors overexpress AURKA due to amplification of 20q will more likely resist treatment with Kinesin-5 inhibitor, and that inactivation of AURKA may sensitize these patients to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Jackson
- Rosetta Inpharmatics LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Merck and Co., Inc., Seattle, WA 98109, USA. aimee_
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Klapper W, Hoster E, Rölver L, Schrader C, Janssen D, Tiemann M, Bernd HW, Determann O, Hansmann ML, Möller P, Feller A, Stein H, Wacker HH, Dreyling M, Unterhalt M, Hiddemann W, Ott G. Tumor sclerosis but not cell proliferation or malignancy grade is a prognostic marker in advanced-stage follicular lymphoma: the German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:3330-6. [PMID: 17664481 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.10.5833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Follicular lymphoma is an indolent lymphoma with a long median overall survival. However, a considerable number of patients die within the first 2 years after the onset of the disease. Because the treatment options vary with respect to antitumor effect and potential toxic adverse effects, the identification of high-risk patients would be helpful in directing therapeutic decisions in individual patients. Several histopathologic biomarkers for risk stratification have been suggested, but most markers have not been validated in patients treated in prospective trials. PATIENTS AND METHODS We report a comprehensive approach to evaluate histopathologic biomarkers, including WHO grade, histology, and proliferation and quantitation of immune bystander cells, in 158 patients with nodal advanced-stage follicular lymphoma treated first line within a randomized trial. RESULTS Tumor sclerosis was a significant prognostic marker of poor overall survival that was independent of the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI). WHO grade, proliferation, and total T-cell or macrophage content were not associated with overall survival. CONCLUSION The presence of sclerosis within the lymphoma is a marker of poor overall survival that is independent of the FLIPI. The quantification of macrophage or absolute T-cell content, grading, and proliferation are of no help in predicting the outcome of FL. Future studies need to identify surrogate markers for the prognostic immune signatures identified by gene expression profiling. Most importantly, new prognostic markers need to be confirmed in patients treated within prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, Kiel, Germany.
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Szczepanowski M, Adam-Klages S, Kruse ML, Pollmann M, Klapper W, Parwaresch R, Heidebrecht HJ. Regulation of repp86 stability by human Siah2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 362:485-90. [PMID: 17716627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human repp86 is a nuclear protein that is expressed in a tightly limited period of time during the cell cycle and plays an essential role in its progression. Manipulation of repp86 expression by reduction of endogenous repp86 or overexpression of exogenous repp86 results in cell cycle arrest. We found that repp86 interacts with human Siah2, which is a known mediator for proteasomal degradation. Siah2 failed to interact with repp86 lacking the first 67 N-terminal amino acids. Overexpression of Siah2 reduced endogenous and exogenous repp86 at the protein level without affecting its mRNA, as shown by cotransfection and RT-PCR experiments. Furthermore, MG-132--a specific inhibitor of the proteasome--blocked the degradation of repp86 in Siah2 overexpressing cells. Moreover, transiently transfected Siah2 abrogated the mitotic arrest in repp86 overexpressing cells. Our data show that Siah2 is an important mediator of repp86 protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szczepanowski
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology and Lymph Node Registry, Schleswig-Holstein University Hospitals, Campus Kiel, Michaelisstrasse 11, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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12
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Oberthuer A, Warnat P, Kahlert Y, Westermann F, Spitz R, Brors B, Hero B, Eils R, Schwab M, Berthold F, Fischer M. Classification of neuroblastoma patients by published gene-expression markers reveals a low sensitivity for unfavorable courses of MYCN non-amplified disease. Cancer Lett 2006; 250:250-67. [PMID: 17126996 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, Pubmed lists 385 marker genes for neuroblastoma outcome. Using a customized neuroblastoma-microarray, we evaluated the prognostic impact of the gene-expression pattern of 349 of these candidates (90.6%) in 127 neuroblastoma patients with divergent outcome. By significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) and both uncorrected and Bonferroni-corrected ANOVA, 166/349 (47.5%), 218/349 (62.5%) and 128/349 (36.4%) candidates showed significant differential expression between patients with contrasting outcome. By Prediction Analysis for Microarrays (PAM), a 38-gene-classifier was derived from all markers, which classified patients outcome with an overall accuracy of 78.5%. However, patients with unfavorable outcome of MYCN non-amplified disease were largely misclassified (accuracy: 35%), suggesting that these courses are not identified by current marker genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Oberthuer
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50924 Cologne, Germany.
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13
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Tonon G, Brennan C, Protopopov A, Maulik G, Feng B, Zhang Y, Khatry DB, You MJ, Aguirre AJ, Martin ES, Yang Z, Ji H, Chin L, Wong KK, Depinho RA. Common and contrasting genomic profiles among the major human lung cancer subtypes. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2006; 70:11-24. [PMID: 16869734 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2005.70.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. With the recent success of molecularly targeted therapies in this disease, a detailed knowledge of the spectrum of genetic lesions in lung cancer represents a critical step in the development of additional effective agents. An integrated high-resolution survey of regional amplifications and deletions and gene expression profiling of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) identified 93 focal high-confidence copy number alterations (CNAs), with 21 spanning less than 0.5 Mb with a median of five genes. Most CNAs were novel and included high-amplitude amplification and homozygous deletion events. Pathogenic relevance of these genomic alterations was further reinforced by their recurrence and overlap with focal alterations of other tumor types. Additionally, the comparison of the genomic profiles of the two major subtypes of NSCLC, adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), showed an almost complete overlap with the exception of one amplified region on chromosome 3, specific for SCC. Among the few genes overexpressed within this amplicon was p63, a known regulator of squamous cell differentiation. These findings suggest that the AC and SCC subtypes may arise from a common cell of origin and they are driven to their distinct phenotypic end points by altered expression of a limited number of key genes such as p63.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tonon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 , USA
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Schrader C, Janssen D, Meusers P, Brittinger G, Siebmann JU, Parwaresch R, Tiemann M. Repp86: a new prognostic marker in mantle cell lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 2005; 75:498-504. [PMID: 16313262 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2005.00540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proliferation indices are important prognostic factors for the clinical outcome of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). We investigated whether the expression of repp86 (restrictedly expressed proliferation-associated protein 86 kDa), a new proliferation specific marker expressed in the cell cycle phases G(2), S and M, but not in G(1), correlates with the clinical course in patients with MCL. PATIENTS AND METHODS Biopsy specimens from 94 untreated patients enrolled in two multicenter trials were investigated immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies against CD20, CD5, CD3, CD23, cyclin D1, and repp86 (Ki-S2). RESULTS Patients with 0-1% repp86 expression had a median overall survival time of 71.0 months, compared with 38.2 months for patients with 1-5% positive cells and 25.4 months for patients with 5-10% positive tumor cells. Patients with repp86 expression of more than 10% showed the shortest survival (median: 15.0 months). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant difference in the overall survival time between patients with very high (>10%) and very low (0-1%) repp86 expression (P < 0.0001) in the tumor cells. The multivariate analysis revealed repp86 expression to be superior to other clinical characteristics as a prognostic factor (P = 0.0016). CONCLUSION Based on these findings, repp86 expression is a new important prognostic factor in MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schrader
- II. Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany.
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Schalk E, Mohren M, Koenigsmann M, Buhtz P, Franke A, Jentsch-Ullrich K. Metastatic Adrenal Neuroblastoma in an Adult. Oncol Res Treat 2005; 28:353-5. [PMID: 15933424 DOI: 10.1159/000085526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common malignancy in children, but rarely occurs in adults. Accepted unfavourable prognostic factors include age > 1 year, low histologic grade and advanced stage, MYCN amplification, chromosomal aberrations, elevations of neuron specific enolase and lactate dehydrogenase, and increased catecholamine metabolites in urine or serum. In adults, abdomen/retroperitoneum are the primary sites and in children the adrenal gland. CASE REPORT A 51- year-old man was admitted to our hospital with hypertension and a large right retroperitoneal mass. Clinically, phaeochromocytoma was suspected. Tumour resection revealed adrenal NB grade III. Chemotherapy according to the paediatric German Neuroblastoma Trial (NB97) was started. Follow-up computed tomography showed regression of the enlarged mediastinal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Because of local and systemic progression palliative radiochemotherapy was started. The patient died 9 months after diagnosis. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge this is the oldest NB patient registered so far in Germany. Currently there are no standard treatment guidelines for patients with NB in adulthood. Collection and evaluation of data in adult patients with this tumour are warranted in order to optimise treatment strategies.
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Krams M, Rudolph P, Harms D. [Proliferation and hTERT expression in neuroblastoma]. DER PATHOLOGE 2004; 25:317-23. [PMID: 15168079 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-004-0703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT), and increased tumor cell proliferation are powerful prognostic factors in neuroblastoma. We therefore investigated their relationship in a large group of neuroblastomas. METHODS RT-PCR analysis was used to discriminate between the various hTERT transcripts. Tumor cell proliferation was assessed immunohistochemically using two different cell-cycle specific antibodies and the results were compared by statistical analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 54 out of 115 neuroblastomas showed hTERT transcripts, 25 of which also possessed full-length transcripts. Full-length hTERT transcripts were correlated with MYCN-amplification, with a Ki67-proliferation index > or = 25% and a repp86-proliferation index > or = 10% (p<0,0001), but only a Ki67-proliferation index > or = 25% was associated with general hTERT transcription (p=0,001). Our data confirm the close relationship between hTERT transcription and tumor cell proliferation and further strengthen the exceptional prognostic power of the repp86-proliferation index.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krams
- Institute für Paidopathologie und allgemeine Pathologie, Universitätklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel.
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