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Singh P, Agnese D, Amin M, Barrio AV, Botty Van den Bruele A, Burke E, Danforth DN, Dirbas FM, Eladoumikdachi F, Kantor O, Kumar S, Lee MC, Matsen C, Nguyen TT, Ozmen T, Park KU, Plichta JK, Reyna C, Showalter SL, Styblo T, Tranakas N, Weiss A, Laronga C, Boughey J. Society of Surgical Oncology Breast Disease Site Working Group Statement on Contralateral Mastectomy: Indications, Outcomes, and Risks. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:2212-2223. [PMID: 38261126 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-14893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Rates of contralateral mastectomy (CM) among patients with unilateral breast cancer have been increasing in the United States. In this Society of Surgical Oncology position statement, we review the literature addressing the indications, risks, and benefits of CM since the society's 2017 statement. We held a virtual meeting to outline key topics and then conducted a literature search using PubMed to identify relevant articles. We reviewed the articles and made recommendations based on group consensus. Patients consider CM for many reasons, including concerns regarding the risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC), desire for improved cosmesis and symmetry, and preferences to avoid ongoing screening, whereas surgeons primarily consider CBC risk when making a recommendation for CM. For patients with a high risk of CBC, CM reduces the risk of new breast cancer, however it is not known to convey an overall survival benefit. Studies evaluating patient satisfaction with CM and reconstruction have yielded mixed results. Imaging with mammography within 12 months before CM is recommended, but routine preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging is not; there is also no evidence to support routine postmastectomy imaging surveillance. Because the likelihood of identifying an occult malignancy during CM is low, routine sentinel lymph node surgery is not recommended. Data on the rates of postoperative complications are conflicting, and such complications may not be directly related to CM. Adjuvant therapy delays due to complications have not been reported. Surgeons can reduce CM rates by encouraging shared decision making and informed discussions incorporating patient preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Singh
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | | | | | - Andrea V Barrio
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - Erin Burke
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Olga Kantor
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shicha Kumar
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tolga Ozmen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ko Un Park
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Weiss
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Scotto L, Pizzoli SFM, Marzorati C, Mazzocco K, Pravettoni G. The impact of prophylactic mastectomy on sexual well-being: a systematic review. Sex Med Rev 2024; 12:164-177. [PMID: 38185919 DOI: 10.1093/sxmrev/qead054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considering the increasing women's awareness of health promotion and disease prevention programs, mutation carriers are inevitably asked to face important decisions concerning the possibility of undergoing prophylactic mastectomy. Risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) has become increasingly more common, although it has a significant impact on women's quality of life and sexual well-being. OBJECTIVES The systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of RRM on the sexuality of women with breast cancer. METHODS According to Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement, the study quantified the effects of frontline work on the mental health of healthcare workers. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Three databases were systematically searched from inception to December 2022. The expression ("sexuality" OR "sexual" OR "sex") AND ("prophylactic mastectomy" OR "risk-reducing mastectomy") was searched in PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Embase. Twenty-two articles published in English until 2022 were selected. RESULTS Two studies investigated sexual experience after risk-reducing surgeries as a single outcome, while other studies analyzed the relationship between sexuality and psychosocial outcomes, risk perception, and satisfaction. In all of the included studies, significant findings in sexual dysfunction were found. The most reported problems were related to sexual satisfaction and attractiveness, body image, and loss of femininity. Last, women reported changes in the relationship with their partners. CONCLUSION RRM has a major impact on body image that affects sexual functioning and quality of life. These implications must be considered during treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Scotto
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Francesca Maria Pizzoli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Facoltà di Psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Marzorati
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Ketti Mazzocco
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Grabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Myers SP, Bayard S, Tadros AB, Sevilimedu V, Matros E, Nelson JA, Le T, Garcia P, Morrow M, Lee MK. Examining Race and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy with Reconstruction. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:966-973. [PMID: 37973646 PMCID: PMC11110644 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding racial differences in satisfaction and quality of life (QOL) after contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM). In this study, we aim to characterize associations between race, and postoperative satisfaction and well-being, utilizing the validated BREAST-Q patient-reported outcome measure. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were eligible if they were diagnosed with stage 0-III unilateral breast cancer and underwent mastectomy with immediate reconstruction at our institution between 2016 and 2022. BREAST-Q surveys were administered in routine clinical care preoperatively and postoperatively to assess QOL. We assessed whether the relationship between race, and domains of satisfaction with breasts and psychosocial well-being differed by receipt of CPM compared with unilateral mastectomy at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years following reconstruction. RESULTS Of 3334 women, 2040 (61%) underwent unilateral mastectomy and 1294 (39%) underwent CPM. Compared with White and Asian women who received CPM, Black women who underwent CPM were more likely to have higher BMI (p < 0.001), undergo autologous reconstruction (p = 0.006), and receive postmastectomy radiation (PMRT) (p < 0.001). There was no association between race and domains of satisfaction of breasts or psychosocial well-being for women who underwent unilateral mastectomy (p = 0.6 and p > 0.9, respectively) or CPM (p = 0.8 and p = 0.9, respectively). PMRT was negatively associated with both satisfaction with breasts (p < 0.001) and psychosocial well-being (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Differences in satisfaction with breasts and psychosocial well-being at 3-year follow-up were not associated with race but rather treatment variables, particularly the receipt of PMRT. Further investigations with a larger and more diverse population are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara P Myers
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Solange Bayard
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Audree B Tadros
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Varadan Sevilimedu
- Biostatistical Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan Matros
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonas A Nelson
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tiana Le
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paula Garcia
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica Morrow
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minna K Lee
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Lizarraga IM, Schroeder MC, Jatoi I, Sugg SL, Trentham-Dietz A, Hoeth L, Chrischilles EA. Surgical Decision-Making Surrounding Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy: Comparison of Treatment Goals, Preferences, and Psychosocial Outcomes from a Multicenter Survey of Breast Cancer Patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:8752-8765. [PMID: 34251554 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in patient characteristics and decision-making preferences have been described between those who elect breast-conserving surgery (BCS), unilateral mastectomy (UM), or contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) for breast cancer. However, it is not known whether preferred and actual decision-making roles differ across these surgery types, or whether surgery choice reflects a woman's goals or achieves desired outcomes. METHODS Women diagnosed with stage 0-III unilateral breast cancer across eight large medical centers responded to a mailed questionnaire regarding treatment decision-making goals, roles, and outcomes. These data were linked to electronic medical records. Differences were assessed using descriptive analyses and logistic regression. RESULTS There were 750 study participants: 60.1% BCS, 17.9% UM, and 22.0% CPM. On multivariate analysis, reducing worry about recurrence was a more important goal for surgery in the CPM group than the others. Although women's preferred role in the treatment decision did not differ by surgery, the CPM group was more likely to report taking a more-active-than-preferred role than the BCS group. On multivariate analysis that included receipt of additional surgery, posttreatment worry about both ipsilateral and contralateral recurrence was higher in the BCS group than the CPM group (both p < 0.001). The UM group was more worried than the CPM group about contralateral recurrence only (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Women with CPM were more likely to report being able to reduce worry about recurrence as a very important goal for surgery. They were also the least worried about ipsilateral breast recurrence and contralateral breast cancer almost two years postdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M Lizarraga
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mary C Schroeder
- Division of Health Services Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Ismail Jatoi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sonia L Sugg
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- Carbone Cancer Center and Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Singareeka Raghavendra A, Alameddine HF, Andersen CR, Selber JC, Brewster AM, Barcenas CH, Caudle AS, Arun BK, Tripathy D, Ibrahim NK. Influencers of the Decision to Undergo Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy among Women with Unilateral Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092050. [PMID: 33922702 PMCID: PMC8123066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this survey study, we examined survey responses from 397 women with stage 0 to III unilateral breast cancer and found that partners, physicians, and the media were significant relative to the patient’s own influence in their decision to undergo a CPM. The findings of this study may inform policy by highlighting the need for educational aids, programs, or tools that help women with unilateral breast cancer make informed, evidence-based decisions regarding CPM efficacy. Abstract (1) Background: The relatively high rate of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) among women with early stage unilateral breast cancer (BC) has raised concerns. We sought to assess the influence of partners, physicians, and the media on the decision of women with unilateral BC to undergo CPM and identify clinicopathological variables associated with the decision to undergo CPM. (2) Patients and Methods: Women with stage 0 to III unilateral BC who underwent CPM between January 2010 and December 2017. Patients were surveyed regarding factors influencing their self-determined decision to undergo CPM. Partner, physician, and media influence factors were modeled by logistic regressions with adjustments for a family history of breast cancer and pathological stage. (3) Results: 397 (29.6%) patients completed the survey and were included in the study. Partners, physicians, and the media significantly influenced patients’ decision to undergo CPM. The logistic regression models showed that, compared to self-determination alone, overall influence on the CPM decision was significantly higher for physicians (p = 0.0006) and significantly lower for partners and the media (p < 0.0001 for both). Fifty-nine percent of patients’ decisions were influenced by physicians, 28% were influenced by partners, and only 17% were influenced by the media. The model also showed that patients with a family history of BC had significantly higher odds of being influenced by a partner than did those without a family history of BC (p = 0.015). (4) Conclusions: Compared to self-determination, physicians had a greater influence and partners and the media had a lower influence on the decision of women with unilateral BC to undergo CPM. Strong family history was significantly associated with a patient’s decision to undergo CPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshara Singareeka Raghavendra
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Clark R Andersen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jesse C Selber
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abenaa M Brewster
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carlos H Barcenas
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abigail S Caudle
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Banu K Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nuhad K Ibrahim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Lim DW, Retrouvey H, Kerrebijn I, Butler K, O'Neill AC, Cil TD, Zhong T, Hofer SOP, McCready DR, Metcalfe KA. Longitudinal Study of Psychosocial Outcomes Following Surgery in Women with Unilateral Nonhereditary Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:5985-5998. [PMID: 33821345 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-09928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rates of bilateral mastectomy are rising in women with unilateral, nonhereditary breast cancer. We aim to characterize how psychosocial outcomes evolve after breast cancer surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study of women with unilateral, sporadic stage 0-III breast cancer at University Health Network in Toronto, Canada between 2014 and 2017. Women completed validated psychosocial questionnaires (BREAST-Q, Impact of Event Scale, Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale) preoperatively, and at 6 and 12 months following surgery. Change in psychosocial scores was assessed between surgical groups using linear mixed models, controlling for age, stage, and adjuvant treatments. P < .05 were significant. RESULTS A total of 475 women underwent unilateral lumpectomy (42.5%), unilateral mastectomy (38.3%), and bilateral mastectomy (19.2%). There was a significant interaction (P < .0001) between procedure and time for breast satisfaction, psychosocial and physical well-being. Women having unilateral lumpectomy had higher breast satisfaction and psychosocial well-being scores at 6 and 12 months after surgery compared with either unilateral or bilateral mastectomy, with no difference between the latter two groups. Physical well-being declined in all groups over time; scores were not better in women having bilateral mastectomy. While sexual well-being scores remained stable in the unilateral lumpectomy group, scores declined similarly in both unilateral and bilateral mastectomy groups over time. Cancer-related distress, anxiety, and depression scores declined significantly after surgery, regardless of surgical procedure (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial outcomes are not improved with contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in women with unilateral breast cancer. Our data may inform women considering contralateral prophylactic mastectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Lim
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of General Surgery, University Health Network (Princess Margaret Cancer Centre), Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Helene Retrouvey
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabel Kerrebijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kate Butler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne C O'Neill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tulin D Cil
- Department of Surgery, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General Surgery, University Health Network (Princess Margaret Cancer Centre), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Toni Zhong
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan O P Hofer
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David R McCready
- Division of General Surgery, University Health Network (Princess Margaret Cancer Centre), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly A Metcalfe
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Rosenberg SM, Dominici LS, Gelber S, Poorvu PD, Ruddy KJ, Wong JS, Tamimi RM, Schapira L, Come S, Peppercorn JM, Borges VF, Partridge AH. Association of Breast Cancer Surgery With Quality of Life and Psychosocial Well-being in Young Breast Cancer Survivors. JAMA Surg 2021; 155:1035-1042. [PMID: 32936216 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.3325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Importance Young women with breast cancer are increasingly choosing bilateral mastectomy (BM), yet little is known about short-term and long-term physical and psychosocial well-being following surgery in this population. Objective To evaluate the differential associations of surgery with quality of life (QOL) and psychosocial outcomes from 1 to 5 years following diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants Cohort study. Setting Multicenter, including academic and community hospitals in North America. Participants Women age ≤40 when diagnosed with Stage 0-3 with unilateral breast cancer between 2006 and 2016 who had surgery and completed QOL and psychosocial assessments. Exposures (for observational studies) Primary breast surgery including breast-conserving surgery (BCS), unilateral mastectomy (UM), and BM. Main Outcomes and Measures Physical functioning, body image, sexual health, anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed in follow-up. Results Of 826 women, mean age at diagnosis was 36.1 years; most women were White non-Hispanic (86.7%). Regarding surgery, 45% had BM, 31% BCS, and 24% UM. Of women who had BM/UM, 84% had reconstruction. While physical functioning, sexuality, and body image improved over time, sexuality and body image were consistently worse (higher adjusted mean scores) among women who had BM vs BCS (body image: year 1, 1.32 vs 0.64; P < .001; year 5, 1.19 vs 0.48; P < .001; sexuality: year 1, 1.66 vs 1.20, P < .001; year 5, 1.43 vs 0.96; P < .001) or UM (body image: year 1, 1.32 vs 1.15; P = .06; year 5, 1.19 vs 0.96; P = .02; sexuality: year 1, 1.66 vs 1.41; P = .02; year 5, 1.43 vs 1.09; P = .002). Anxiety improved across groups, but adjusted mean scores remained higher among women who had BM vs BCS/UM at 1 year (BM, 7.75 vs BCS, 6.94; P = .005; BM, 7.75 vs UM, 6.58; P = .005), 2 years (BM, 7.47 vs BCS, 6.18; P < .001; BM, 7.47 vs UM, 6.07; P < .001) and 5 years (BM, 6.67 vs BCS, 5.91; P = .05; BM, 6.67 vs UM, 5.79; P = .05). There were minimal between-group differences in depression levels in follow-up. Conclusions and Relevance While QOL improves over time, young breast cancer survivors who undergo more extensive surgery have worse body image, sexual health, and anxiety compared with women undergoing less extensive surgery. Ensuring young women are aware of the short-term and long-term effects of surgery and receive support when making surgical decisions is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shari Gelber
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Julia S Wong
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Steven Come
- Beth Israel Deaconess, Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Pesce C, Jaffe J, Kuchta K, Yao K, Sisco M. Patient-reported outcomes among women with unilateral breast cancer undergoing breast conservation versus single or double mastectomy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 185:359-369. [PMID: 33033966 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE More women with unilateral early stage breast cancer are electing bilateral mastectomy (BM). Many cite anxiety, fear of recurrence, and certain aesthetic desires in their decision-making. Yet conflicting data exist regarding how these factors both inform and are modulated by medical decision-making, especially among women eligible for breast conservation (BCT). This study sought to assess the trajectories of women undergoing various surgical procedures for breast cancer. METHODS We performed a prospective longitudinal study of women with unilateral, non-hereditary breast cancer who underwent BCT, unilateral mastectomy (UM), or BM. Women completed surveys before surgery and at 1, 9, and 15 months postop. Surveys included questions about treatment preferences, decisional control, the HADS-A anxiety scale, the Fear of Relapse/Recurrence Scale (FRRS), and the BREAST-Q. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare outcomes between BCT, UM, and BM groups at each time point. RESULTS 203 women were recruited and 177 (87.2%) completed 15-month follow-up. Of these, 101 (57.0%) underwent BCT, 33 (18.6%) underwent UM, and 43 (24.2%) underwent BM. Generalized anxiety and FRRS scores were similar between BCT, UM, and BM groups and declined uniformly after surgery. Although baseline breast satisfaction was similar between groups, at 15 months, it was significantly lower in BM patients than in BCT patients. Women who felt "very" confident and "very" informed before surgery had lower anxiety, lower fear of recurrence, better psychosocial well-being (PSWB), and greater breast satisfaction at 15 months. CONCLUSION While patients who undergo mastectomy have less long-term breast satisfaction, all patients can expect to experience similar improvements in anxiety and PSWB. Efforts should be made to ensure that patients are informed and confident regardless of which surgery is chosen, for this is the greatest predictor of better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Pesce
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Jaffe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kristine Kuchta
- Biostatistical Core, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Katharine Yao
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mark Sisco
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Northbrook, IL, USA.
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9
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Financial toxicity and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy: an analysis using propensity score methods. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 183:649-659. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Srethbhakdi A, Brennan ME, Hamid G, Flitcroft K. Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy for unilateral breast cancer in women at average risk: Systematic review of patient reported outcomes. Psychooncology 2020; 29:960-973. [PMID: 32201988 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rate of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) in women with early, unilateral cancer is relatively high and is increasing around the world a previous study. Women choose this option for many reasons other than reducing their risk of future cancer, including symmetry, reasons related to breast reconstruction and attempting to manage fear of recurrence. This systematic review evaluated patient-reported quality of life outcomes following CPM. METHODS A literature search of MEDLINE, PubMed and PsycINFO was performed to February 2019. Abstracts and full-text articles were assessed for eligibility according to pre-determined criteria. Data were extracted into evidence tables for analysis. RESULTS A total of 19 articles met eligibility criteria and were included in analysis. These included patient-reported data from 6088 women undergoing CPM. They reported high levels of satisfaction with the decision for surgery, low levels of decisional regret and high satisfaction with cosmesis and reconstruction. Breast-specific and general quality of life was high overall but was even better in women choosing breast reconstruction after surgery. Fear of cancer recurrence was high after CPM. Depression, distress and a negative impact on body image were evident; however, levels were high in both CPM and non-CPM groups. CONCLUSIONS This study provides information that can be used by surgeons and psychologists when counselling women about the potential benefits and harms of CPM. This process must include discussion about the trade-offs such as body image issues and ongoing fear of recurrence in addition to the positive aspect of cancer risk reduction. Women are unlikely to regret their decision for CPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amilee Srethbhakdi
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meagan E Brennan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Sydney, University of Notre Dame, Chippendale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geaty Hamid
- Westmead Breast Cancer Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathy Flitcroft
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Klapdor R, Weiß C, Kuehnle E, Kohls F, von Ehr J, Philippeit A, Hille-Betz U. Quality of Life after Bilateral and Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy with Implant Reconstruction. Breast Care (Basel) 2020; 15:519-526. [PMID: 33223996 DOI: 10.1159/000505449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prophylactic mastectomy is an effective approach to breast cancer risk reduction in patients at high risk. Further studies using standardized measures for quality of life are needed to better understand the effect of prophylactic mastectomy on individual patients and, thereby, allow for better patient counseling and selection. Methods In this prospective study patients undergoing bilateral mastectomy were asked to complete the BREAST-Q questionnaire before and 1 year after surgery. All patients underwent bilateral mastectomy with implant-based breast reconstruction. Patient- and surgery-related information was collected in a database. Results In total, 48 patients underwent bilateral skin-sparing mastectomy. Of these, 29 (60.4%) suffered from breast cancer. A 2-stage reconstruction with intermediate expander implantation was conducted in 19 (39.6%) patients. All patients completed the BREAST-Q questionnaire. The domain "psychosocial well-being" was significantly improved from a mean score of 74.98 preoperatively to a postoperative score of 81.56 (p = 0.021). In contrast, the domain "physical well-being" dropped -8.38 points on average to a postoperative score of 74.96 (p < 0.001). Interestingly, patients with the lowest preoperative score in the domain "satisfaction with breast" showed the greatest increase after surgery (50.31 vs. 67.25, p < 0.001). On the contrary, patients with the highest preoperative values experienced the strongest decrease in satisfaction (91.60 vs. 75.27, p = 0.012). Conclusion Implant-based prophylactic mastectomy leads to good quality-of-life results in patients at high risk for breast cancer. Especially, patients with a low preoperative satisfaction with their breasts have a significantly higher chance of experiencing substantial improvements in their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Klapdor
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Weiß
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elna Kuehnle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabian Kohls
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia von Ehr
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Philippeit
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Hille-Betz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Nealon KP, Sobti N, Gadd M, Specht M, Liao EC. Assessing the additional surgical risk of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy and immediate breast implant reconstruction. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 179:255-265. [PMID: 31605310 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been a sharp rise in the rate of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy over the last decade, despite the low incidence of new primary cancers predicted for the contralateral breast. This study compares the postoperative complication rates between the diseased breast treated with mastectomy and the contralateral breast that underwent prophylactic mastectomy, followed by immediate bilateral breast implant reconstruction. We hypothesized that there will be no difference in postoperative outcomes between prophylactic and diseased groups, as the surgical approach would be comparable. METHODS After IRB approval, a retrospective chart review identified consecutive unilateral breast cancer patients who underwent bilateral mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction between May 2008 and May 2018 at a tertiary academic medical center. A paired sample t-test and a penalized logic regression model were constructed to identify relationships between breast laterality and outcomes. RESULTS A total of 1117 patients with unilateral breast cancer who underwent bilateral mastectomy and immediate breast implant reconstruction were identified. Rates of capsular contracture and infection were significantly greater in the diseased breast, while rates of revision were significantly greater in the contralateral prophylactic breast. There were no statistically significant differences between breasts in rates of explant, skin flap necrosis or hematoma. When adjusted for confounding variables, a higher infection rate was observed in the diseased breast. CONCLUSION This study detected significant differences in postoperative complication rates between the diseased and prophylactic breasts following bilateral mastectomy and immediate breast implant reconstruction. Postoperative complications occurred more frequently in the diseased breast compared with low rates of complications in the contralateral prophylactic breast. This information is helpful for preoperative decision making, as surgeons and patients carefully weigh the additional risks of contralateral prophylactic procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra P Nealon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WACC 435, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Nikhil Sobti
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WACC 435, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Michele Gadd
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Specht
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric C Liao
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WACC 435, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Squires JE, Simard SN, Asad S, Stacey D, Graham ID, Coughlin M, Clemons M, Grimshaw JM, Zhang J, Caudrelier JM, Arnaout A. Exploring reasons for overuse of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in Canada. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:e439-e457. [PMID: 31548812 DOI: 10.3747/co.26.4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (cpm) in women with known unilateral breast cancer (bca) has been increasing despite the lack of supportive evidence. The purpose of the present study was to identify the determinants of cpm in women with unilateral bca. Methods This qualitative descriptive study used semi-structured interviews informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework. We interviewed 74 key informants (surgical oncologists, plastic surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, nurses, women with bca) across Canada. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis and an analysis for shared and discipline-specific beliefs. Results In total, 58 factors influencing the use of cpm were identified: 26 factors shared by various health care professional groups, 15 discipline-specific factors (identified by a single health care professional group), and 17 factors shared by women with unilateral bca. Health care professionals identified more factors discouraging the use of cpm (n = 26) than encouraging its use (n = 15); women with bca identified more factors encouraging use of cpm (n = 12) than discouraging its use (n = 5). The factor most commonly identified by health care professionals that encouraged cpm was lack of awareness of existing evidence or guidelines for the appropriate use of cpm (n = 44, 75%). For women with bca, the factor most likely influencing their decision for cpm was wanting a better esthetic outcome (n = 14, 93%). Conclusions Multiple factors discouraging and encouraging the use of cpm in unilateral bca were identified. Those factors identify potential individual, team, organization, and system targets for behaviour change interventions to reduce cpm.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Squires
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON
| | - S N Simard
- Bloomberg School of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - S Asad
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON
| | - D Stacey
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON
| | - I D Graham
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - M Coughlin
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON
| | - M Clemons
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON.,Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON
| | - J M Grimshaw
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - J M Caudrelier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - A Arnaout
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON.,Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
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15
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Schellenberg AE, Stypulkowski A, Cordeiro E, Holloway CMB, Eisen A, Scheer AS. Practitioner Opinion on Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy: How Do We Steer a Patient-Driven Discussion? Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:3489-3494. [PMID: 31187367 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) is increasing despite a recent statement from The American Society of Breast Surgeons discouraging average-risk women with unilateral breast cancer (BC) from undergoing CPM. The objective of our study was to conduct a needs assessment of BC health practitioners to gather information about their opinions, attitudes, and experiences surrounding CPM. METHODS The Ottawa Decision Support Framework was the theoretical framework for the development of the interview guide. Semistructured interviews were conducted until data saturation with a convenience sample of 16 BC practitioners (Ontario, Canada), including oncologic and reconstructive surgeons, medical oncologists, and nurse navigators. RESULTS Nearly all practitioners identified the discussion regarding CPM as patient-initiated. The majority of practitioners (13/16) described their role as supporting the patient in the decision-making process. Practitioners described educating patients on the lack of survival benefit and in general discouraging CPM. Practitioners agreed that most patients demonstrate decisional conflict (11/16) as a barrier to decision-making, and it is a challenge to realign patients' understanding and expectations. Almost all practitioners (15/16) identified a need for information materials to help educate patients on the risks and benefits of CPM and to help realign expectations. CONCLUSIONS Practitioners have identified CPM in average-risk women with unilateral BC as a patient-driven phenomenon that is on the rise, despite highlighting the increased risk of complications and lack of survival benefit. Our practitioner needs assessment identifies the need for a dynamic decision aid to help guide the shared decision-making process for practitioners and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Stypulkowski
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Cordeiro
- Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Claire M B Holloway
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Eisen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adena S Scheer
- Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,CIBC Breast Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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16
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Doria-Rose VP, Greenlee RT, Buist DSM, Miglioretti DL, Corley DA, Brown JS, Clancy HA, Tuzzio L, Moy LM, Hornbrook MC, Brown ML, Ritzwoller DP, Kushi LH, Greene SM. Collaborating on Data, Science, and Infrastructure: The 20-Year Journey of the Cancer Research Network. EGEMS (WASHINGTON, DC) 2019; 7:7. [PMID: 30972356 PMCID: PMC6450242 DOI: 10.5334/egems.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Cancer Research Network (CRN) is a consortium of 12 research groups, each affiliated with a nonprofit integrated health care delivery system, that was first funded in 1998. The overall goal of the CRN is to support and facilitate collaborative cancer research within its component delivery systems. This paper describes the CRN's 20-year experience and evolution. The network combined its members' scientific capabilities and data resources to create an infrastructure that has ultimately supported over 275 projects. Insights about the strengths and limitations of electronic health data for research, approaches to optimizing multidisciplinary collaboration, and the role of a health services research infrastructure to complement traditional clinical trials and large observational datasets are described, along with recommendations for other research consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Paul Doria-Rose
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, US
| | | | - Diana S. M. Buist
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, US
| | - Diana L. Miglioretti
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, US
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, US
| | - Douglas A. Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, US
| | - Jeffrey S. Brown
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
- Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, US
| | - Heather A. Clancy
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, US
| | - Leah Tuzzio
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, US
| | - Lisa M. Moy
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, US
| | - Mark C. Hornbrook
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, US
- Retired
| | - Martin L. Brown
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, US
- Retired
| | | | - Lawrence H. Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, US
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Impact of anticipated financial burden on patient decision to undergo contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. Surgery 2018; 164:856-865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Parker PA, Peterson SK, Shen Y, Bedrosian I, Black DM, Thompson AM, Nelson JC, DeSnyder SM, Cook RL, Hunt KK, Volk RJ, Cantor SB, Dong W, Brewster AM. Prospective Study of Psychosocial Outcomes of Having Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Among Women With Nonhereditary Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:2630-2638. [PMID: 30044695 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.78.6442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The incidence of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) has continued to increase. We prospectively examined psychosocial outcomes before and up to 18 months after surgery in women who did or did not have CPM. Methods Women with unilateral, nonhereditary breast cancer completed questionnaires before and 1, 6, 12, and 18 months after surgery. Primary psychosocial measures were cancer worry and cancer-specific distress. Secondary measures were body image, quality of life (QOL), decisional satisfaction, and decisional regret. Results A total of 288 women (mean age, 56 years; 58% non-Hispanic white) provided questionnaire data, of whom 50 underwent CPM. Before surgery, women who subsequently received CPM had higher cancer distress ( P = .04), cancer worry ( P < .001), and body image concerns ( P < .001) than women who did not have CPM. In a multivariable repeated measures model adjusted for time, age, race/ethnicity, and stage, CPM was associated with more body image distress ( P < .001) and poorer QOL ( P = .02). There was a significant interaction between time point and CPM group for cancer worry ( Pinteraction < .001), suggesting that CPM patients had higher presurgery cancer worry, but their postsurgery worry decreased over time and was similar to the worry of patients who did not have CPM. QOL was similar between CPM groups before surgery but declined 1 month after surgery and remained lower than patients who did not have CPM after surgery ( Pinteraction = .05). Conclusion These results may facilitate informed discussions between women and their physicians regarding CPM. Fear and worry may be foremost concerns at the time surgical decisions are made, when women may not anticipate the adverse future effect of CPM on body image and QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Parker
- Patricia A. Parker, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Susan K. Peterson, Yu Shen, Isabelle Bedrosian, Dalliah M. Black, Alastair M. Thompson, Sarah M. DeSnyder, Kelly K. Hunt, Robert J. Volk, Scott B. Cantor, Wenli Dong, and Abenaa M. Brewster, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Jonathan C. Nelson and Robert L. Cook, Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX
| | - Susan K Peterson
- Patricia A. Parker, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Susan K. Peterson, Yu Shen, Isabelle Bedrosian, Dalliah M. Black, Alastair M. Thompson, Sarah M. DeSnyder, Kelly K. Hunt, Robert J. Volk, Scott B. Cantor, Wenli Dong, and Abenaa M. Brewster, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Jonathan C. Nelson and Robert L. Cook, Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX
| | - Yu Shen
- Patricia A. Parker, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Susan K. Peterson, Yu Shen, Isabelle Bedrosian, Dalliah M. Black, Alastair M. Thompson, Sarah M. DeSnyder, Kelly K. Hunt, Robert J. Volk, Scott B. Cantor, Wenli Dong, and Abenaa M. Brewster, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Jonathan C. Nelson and Robert L. Cook, Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX
| | - Isabelle Bedrosian
- Patricia A. Parker, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Susan K. Peterson, Yu Shen, Isabelle Bedrosian, Dalliah M. Black, Alastair M. Thompson, Sarah M. DeSnyder, Kelly K. Hunt, Robert J. Volk, Scott B. Cantor, Wenli Dong, and Abenaa M. Brewster, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Jonathan C. Nelson and Robert L. Cook, Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX
| | - Dalliah M Black
- Patricia A. Parker, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Susan K. Peterson, Yu Shen, Isabelle Bedrosian, Dalliah M. Black, Alastair M. Thompson, Sarah M. DeSnyder, Kelly K. Hunt, Robert J. Volk, Scott B. Cantor, Wenli Dong, and Abenaa M. Brewster, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Jonathan C. Nelson and Robert L. Cook, Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX
| | - Alastair M Thompson
- Patricia A. Parker, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Susan K. Peterson, Yu Shen, Isabelle Bedrosian, Dalliah M. Black, Alastair M. Thompson, Sarah M. DeSnyder, Kelly K. Hunt, Robert J. Volk, Scott B. Cantor, Wenli Dong, and Abenaa M. Brewster, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Jonathan C. Nelson and Robert L. Cook, Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX
| | - Jonathan C Nelson
- Patricia A. Parker, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Susan K. Peterson, Yu Shen, Isabelle Bedrosian, Dalliah M. Black, Alastair M. Thompson, Sarah M. DeSnyder, Kelly K. Hunt, Robert J. Volk, Scott B. Cantor, Wenli Dong, and Abenaa M. Brewster, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Jonathan C. Nelson and Robert L. Cook, Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX
| | - Sarah M DeSnyder
- Patricia A. Parker, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Susan K. Peterson, Yu Shen, Isabelle Bedrosian, Dalliah M. Black, Alastair M. Thompson, Sarah M. DeSnyder, Kelly K. Hunt, Robert J. Volk, Scott B. Cantor, Wenli Dong, and Abenaa M. Brewster, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Jonathan C. Nelson and Robert L. Cook, Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX
| | - Robert L Cook
- Patricia A. Parker, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Susan K. Peterson, Yu Shen, Isabelle Bedrosian, Dalliah M. Black, Alastair M. Thompson, Sarah M. DeSnyder, Kelly K. Hunt, Robert J. Volk, Scott B. Cantor, Wenli Dong, and Abenaa M. Brewster, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Jonathan C. Nelson and Robert L. Cook, Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX
| | - Kelly K Hunt
- Patricia A. Parker, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Susan K. Peterson, Yu Shen, Isabelle Bedrosian, Dalliah M. Black, Alastair M. Thompson, Sarah M. DeSnyder, Kelly K. Hunt, Robert J. Volk, Scott B. Cantor, Wenli Dong, and Abenaa M. Brewster, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Jonathan C. Nelson and Robert L. Cook, Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX
| | - Robert J Volk
- Patricia A. Parker, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Susan K. Peterson, Yu Shen, Isabelle Bedrosian, Dalliah M. Black, Alastair M. Thompson, Sarah M. DeSnyder, Kelly K. Hunt, Robert J. Volk, Scott B. Cantor, Wenli Dong, and Abenaa M. Brewster, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Jonathan C. Nelson and Robert L. Cook, Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX
| | - Scott B Cantor
- Patricia A. Parker, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Susan K. Peterson, Yu Shen, Isabelle Bedrosian, Dalliah M. Black, Alastair M. Thompson, Sarah M. DeSnyder, Kelly K. Hunt, Robert J. Volk, Scott B. Cantor, Wenli Dong, and Abenaa M. Brewster, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Jonathan C. Nelson and Robert L. Cook, Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX
| | - Wenli Dong
- Patricia A. Parker, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Susan K. Peterson, Yu Shen, Isabelle Bedrosian, Dalliah M. Black, Alastair M. Thompson, Sarah M. DeSnyder, Kelly K. Hunt, Robert J. Volk, Scott B. Cantor, Wenli Dong, and Abenaa M. Brewster, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Jonathan C. Nelson and Robert L. Cook, Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX
| | - Abenaa M Brewster
- Patricia A. Parker, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Susan K. Peterson, Yu Shen, Isabelle Bedrosian, Dalliah M. Black, Alastair M. Thompson, Sarah M. DeSnyder, Kelly K. Hunt, Robert J. Volk, Scott B. Cantor, Wenli Dong, and Abenaa M. Brewster, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; and Jonathan C. Nelson and Robert L. Cook, Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, Houston, TX
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Aygin D, Cengiz H. Life quality of patients who underwent breast reconstruction after prophylactic mastectomy: systematic review. Breast Cancer 2018; 25:497-505. [PMID: 29721811 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-018-0862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prophylactic mastectomy is used to reduce the incidence of breast cancer in women with genetic predisposition and family history of breast cancer, and the rate of application is increased nowadays. Chronic pain, body image, and sexuality may negatively affect quality of life, while patients generally have increased quality of life and satisfaction after prophylactic mastectomy. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the results of the studies about quality of life of patients who underwent breast reconstruction after prophylactic mastectomy. METHODS For the 1996-2016 literature, we searched the databases of Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane, Medline Complete, Ovid, Springer Link, Google Academic, Taylor & Francis, PsychINFO databases. For the gray literature, National Thesis Center and ULAKBIM databases were searched. Seven studies complying with the criteria were included in the review. RESULTS Seven studies included in this study aimed to investigate the effect of prophylactic mastectomy on breast pain, numbness, sexuality and quality of life. When the studies were reviewed, we were found that the majority of the patients were satisfied with the results of the procedure, although the body image perception and pain/ movement/ perception and sexual problems were experienced after the breast surgery. CONCLUSIONS While overall satisfaction with cosmetic results was high, most women were not satisfied with the softness of the reconstructed breasts, and had problems with breast hardness, numbness and sex. Therefore, it is very important to inform the patients about the complications that may develop after the operation, while there is not enough data about the importance of informing the patients before the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Aygin
- Division of Nursing, Department of Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Hande Cengiz
- Division of Nursing, Department of Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
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Carbine NE, Lostumbo L, Wallace J, Ko H. Risk-reducing mastectomy for the prevention of primary breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 4:CD002748. [PMID: 29620792 PMCID: PMC6494635 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002748.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent progress in understanding the genetic basis of breast cancer and widely publicized reports of celebrities undergoing risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) have increased interest in RRM as a method of preventing breast cancer. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2004 and previously updated in 2006 and 2010. OBJECTIVES (i) To determine whether risk-reducing mastectomy reduces death rates from any cause in women who have never had breast cancer and in women who have a history of breast cancer in one breast, and (ii) to examine the effect of risk-reducing mastectomy on other endpoints, including breast cancer incidence, breast cancer mortality, disease-free survival, physical morbidity, and psychosocial outcomes. SEARCH METHODS For this Review update, we searched Cochrane Breast Cancer's Specialized Register, MEDLINE, Embase and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) on 9 July 2016. We included studies in English. SELECTION CRITERIA Participants included women at risk for breast cancer in at least one breast. Interventions included all types of mastectomy performed for the purpose of preventing breast cancer. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS At least two review authors independently abstracted data from each report. We summarized data descriptively; quantitative meta-analysis was not feasible due to heterogeneity of study designs and insufficient reporting. We analyzed data separately for bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy (BRRM) and contralateral risk-reducing mastectomy (CRRM). Four review authors assessed the methodological quality to determine whether or not the methods used sufficiently minimized selection bias, performance bias, detection bias, and attrition bias. MAIN RESULTS All 61 included studies were observational studies with some methodological limitations; randomized trials were absent. The studies presented data on 15,077 women with a wide range of risk factors for breast cancer, who underwent RRM.Twenty-one BRRM studies looking at the incidence of breast cancer or disease-specific mortality, or both, reported reductions after BRRM, particularly for those women with BRCA1/2 mutations. Twenty-six CRRM studies consistently reported reductions in incidence of contralateral breast cancer but were inconsistent about improvements in disease-specific survival. Seven studies attempted to control for multiple differences between intervention groups and showed no overall survival advantage for CRRM. Another study showed significantly improved survival following CRRM, but after adjusting for bilateral risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (BRRSO), the CRRM effect on all-cause mortality was no longer significant.Twenty studies assessed psychosocial measures; most reported high levels of satisfaction with the decision to have RRM but greater variation in satisfaction with cosmetic results. Worry over breast cancer was significantly reduced after BRRM when compared both to baseline worry levels and to the groups who opted for surveillance rather than BRRM, but there was diminished satisfaction with body image and sexual feelings.Seventeen case series reporting on adverse events from RRM with or without reconstruction reported rates of unanticipated reoperations from 4% in those without reconstruction to 64% in participants with reconstruction.In women who have had cancer in one breast, removing the other breast may reduce the incidence of cancer in that other breast, but there is insufficient evidence that this improves survival because of the continuing risk of recurrence or metastases from the original cancer. Additionally, thought should be given to other options to reduce breast cancer risk, such as BRRSO and chemoprevention, when considering RRM. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS While published observational studies demonstrated that BRRM was effective in reducing both the incidence of, and death from, breast cancer, more rigorous prospective studies are suggested. BRRM should be considered only among those at high risk of disease, for example, BRCA1/2 carriers. CRRM was shown to reduce the incidence of contralateral breast cancer, but there is insufficient evidence that CRRM improves survival, and studies that control for multiple confounding variables are recommended. It is possible that selection bias in terms of healthier, younger women being recommended for or choosing CRRM produces better overall survival numbers for CRRM. Given the number of women who may be over-treated with BRRM/CRRM, it is critical that women and clinicians understand the true risk for each individual woman before considering surgery. Additionally, thought should be given to other options to reduce breast cancer risk, such as BRRSO and chemoprevention when considering RRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E Carbine
- Georgetown University Lombardi Cancer CenterTranslational Breast Cancer Research Consortium (TBCRC)WashingtonD.C.USA20007
| | | | | | - Henry Ko
- University of SydneyNHMRC Clinical Trials CentreK25 ‐ Medical Foundation Building92‐94 Parramatta Rd.,CamperdownNSWAustralia2050
- Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke‐NUS Graduate Medical SchoolCentre for Health Services Research, SingHealthSingaporeSingapore169857
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21
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Nohdurft E, Long E, Spinler S. Was Angelina Jolie Right? Optimizing Cancer Prevention Strategies Among BRCA Mutation Carriers. DECISION ANALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1287/deca.2017.0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eike Nohdurft
- Kühne Institute for Logistics Management, WHU–Otto Beisheim School of Management, 56179 Vallendar, Germany
| | - Elisa Long
- UCLA Anderson School of Management, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Stefan Spinler
- Kühne Institute for Logistics Management, WHU–Otto Beisheim School of Management, 56179 Vallendar, Germany
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22
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Collins K, Gee M, Clack A, Wyld L. The psychosocial impact of contralateral risk reducing mastectomy (CRRM) on women: A rapid review. Psychooncology 2017; 27:43-52. [PMID: 28453892 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For women who have been diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer, there is an increasing trend for them to request removal of the contralateral healthy breast, the so-called contralateral risk reducing mastectomy (CRRM). The current literature is only just beginning to identify patient-reported reasons for undergoing CRRM and associated patient-reported outcomes. It is also unclear whether women at moderate/high risk of developing a subsequent primary contralateral breast cancer report similar outcomes to those considered to be at low/average risk. This lack of knowledge provides the rationale for this review. METHODS A rapid review methodology was undertaken to identify and explore the published research literature focused on the longer term (>5 y) psychosocial impacts on women who undergo CRRM. RESULTS Fifteen studies were identified. No UK studies were identified. High satisfaction and psychosocial well-being were consistently reported across all studies. Reducing the risk of a subsequent contralateral breast cancer and therefore reducing cancer-related anxiety, and satisfaction with cosmesis, were key themes running across all studies explaining satisfaction. Dissatisfaction was associated with adverse effects such as poor cosmesis, body image changes, femininity, sexual relationships, reoperations for acute and longer term complications, and reconstructive problems. CONCLUSIONS Satisfaction and psychological well-being following CRRM was consistently high across all studies. However, the findings suggest women need to be more fully informed of the risks and benefits of CRRM and/or immediate/delayed reconstruction to support informed decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Collins
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Melanie Gee
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anna Clack
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lynda Wyld
- Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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23
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Brown SL, Whiting D, Fielden HG, Saini P, Beesley H, Holcombe C, Holcombe S, Greenhalgh L, Fairburn L, Salmon P. Qualitative analysis of how patients decide that they want risk-reducing mastectomy, and the implications for surgeons in responding to emotionally-motivated patient requests. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178392. [PMID: 28552971 PMCID: PMC5446175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Contemporary approaches to medical decision-making advise that clinicians should respect patients' decisions. However, patients' decisions are often shaped by heuristics, such as being guided by emotion, rather than by objective risk and benefit. Risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) decisions focus this dilemma sharply. RRM reduces breast cancer (BC) risk, but is invasive and can have iatrogenic consequences. Previous evidence suggests that emotion guides patients' decision-making about RRM. We interviewed patients to better understand how they made decisions about RRM, using findings to consider how clinicians could ethically respond to their decisions. METHODS Qualitative face-to-face interviews with 34 patients listed for RRM surgery and two who had decided against RRM. RESULTS Patients generally did not use objective risk estimates or, indeed, consider risks and benefits of RRM. Instead emotions guided their decisions: they chose RRM because they feared BC and wanted to do 'all they could' to prevent it. Most therefore perceived RRM to be the 'obvious' option and made the decision easily. However, many recounted extensive post-decisional deliberation, generally directed towards justifying the original decision. A few patients deliberated before the decision because fears of surgery counterbalanced those of BC. CONCLUSION Patients seeking RRM were motivated by fear of BC, and the need to avoid potential regret for not doing all they could to prevent it. We suggest that choices such as that for RRM, which are made emotionally, can be respected as autonomous decisions, provided patients have considered risks and benefits. Drawing on psychological theory about how people do make decisions, as well as normative views of how they should, we propose that practitioners can guide consideration of risks and benefits even, where necessary, after patients have opted for surgery. This model of practice could be extended to other medical decisions that are influenced by patients' emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L. Brown
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hannah G. Fielden
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Pooja Saini
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Beesley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Holcombe
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Holcombe
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lyn Greenhalgh
- Royal Liverpool Women’s Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Fairburn
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Salmon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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24
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Anderson C, Islam JY, Elizabeth Hodgson M, Sabatino SA, Rodriguez JL, Lee CN, Sandler DP, Nichols HB. Long-Term Satisfaction and Body Image After Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:1499-1506. [PMID: 28058563 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) rates have been increasing in the US, and although high levels of satisfaction with CPM have been reported, few studies have evaluated the long-term effects on body image, comparing CPM with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and unilateral mastectomy (UM). METHODS We analyzed responses from a survey of women with both a personal and family history of breast cancer who were enrolled in the Sister Study (n = 1176). Among women who underwent mastectomy, we examined satisfaction with the mastectomy decision, as well as variation in the use of reconstruction and experience of complications. Five survey items, evaluated individually and as a summed total score, were used to compare body image across surgery types (BCS, UM without reconstruction, CPM without reconstruction, UM with reconstruction, and CPM with reconstruction). RESULTS Participants were, on average, 3.6 years post-diagnosis at the time of survey (standard deviation 1.7). The majority of women (97% of CPM, 89% of UM) were satisfied with their mastectomy decision. Reconstruction was more common after CPM than after UM (70 vs. 47%), as were complications (28 vs. 19%). Body image scores were significantly worse among women who underwent CPM than among women who underwent BCS, with the lowest scores among women who underwent CPM without reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS In our sample, most women were highly satisfied with their mastectomy decision, including those who elected to undergo CPM. However, body image was lower among those who underwent CPM than among those who underwent BCS. Our findings may inform decisions among women considering various courses of surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica Y Islam
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Susan A Sabatino
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juan L Rodriguez
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clara N Lee
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hazel B Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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25
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Graziottin A. Breast Cancer and Sexuality with Focus in Young Women: From Evidence-Based Data to Women’s Wording to Treatment Perspectives. Breast Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48848-6_62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hunt KK, Euhus DM, Boughey JC, Chagpar AB, Feldman SM, Hansen NM, Kulkarni SA, McCready DR, Mamounas EP, Wilke LG, Van Zee KJ, Morrow M. Society of Surgical Oncology Breast Disease Working Group Statement on Prophylactic (Risk-Reducing) Mastectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 24:375-397. [PMID: 27933411 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, there has been an increasing rate of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) surgeries. Since publication of the 2007 SSO position statement on the use of risk-reducing mastectomy, there have been significant advances in the understanding of breast cancer biology and treatment. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the current literature as a resource to facilitate a shared and informed decision-making process regarding the use of risk-reducing mastectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K Hunt
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Monica Morrow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Yao K, Belkora J, Bedrosian I, Rosenberg S, Sisco M, Barrera E, Kyrillios A, Tilburt J, Wang C, Rabbitt S, Pesce C, Simovic S, Winchester DJ, Sepucha K. Impact of an In-visit Decision Aid on Patient Knowledge about Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy: A Pilot Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 24:91-99. [PMID: 27654108 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported that breast cancer patients have limited understanding about the oncologic outcomes following contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM). We hypothesized that an in-visit decision aid (DA) would be associated with higher patient knowledge about the anticipated short and long term outcomes of CPM. METHODS We piloted a DA which used the SCOPED: (Situation, Choices, Objectives, People, Evaluation and Decision) framework. Knowledge, dichotomized as "low" (≤3 correct) versus "high" (≥4 correct), was assessed immediately after the visit by a 5 item survey. There were 97 DA patients (response rate 62.2 %) and 114 usual care (UC) patients (response rate 71.3 %). RESULTS Patient demographic factors were similar between the two groups. Twenty-one (21.7 %) patients in the DA group underwent CPM compared with 18 (15.8 %) in the UC group (p = 0.22). Mean and median knowledge levels were significantly higher in the DA group compared with the UC group for patients of all ages, tumor stage, race, family history, anxiety levels, worry about CBC, and surgery type. Eighty-six (78.9 %) of UC versus 35 (37.9 %) DA patients had low knowledge. Of patients who underwent CPM, 15 (83.3 %) in the UC cohort versus 5 (25.0 %) of DA patients had "low" knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge was higher in the DA group. The UC group had approximately three times the number of patients of the DA group who were at risk for making a poorly informed decision to have CPM. Future studies should assess the impact of increased knowledge on overall CPM rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Yao
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Jeff Belkora
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mark Sisco
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ermilo Barrera
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Alexandra Kyrillios
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Chihsiung Wang
- Center for Biomedical Research Informatics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Rabbitt
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Catherine Pesce
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sandra Simovic
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - David J Winchester
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Karen Sepucha
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Health Decision Sciences Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Davies KR, Brewster AM, Bedrosian I, Parker PA, Crosby MA, Peterson SK, Shen Y, Volk RJ, Cantor SB. Outcomes of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in relation to familial history: a decision analysis (BRCR-D-16-00033). Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:93. [PMID: 27650678 PMCID: PMC5028980 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Family history of breast cancer is associated with an increased risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) even in the absence of mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1/2. We compared quality-adjusted survival after contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) with surveillance only (no CPM) among women with breast cancer incorporating the degree of family history. Methods We created a microsimulation model for women with first-degree, second-degree, and no family history treated for a stage I, II, or III estrogen receptor (ER)-positive or ER-negative breast cancer at the ages of 40, 50, 60, and 70. The model incorporated a 10-year posttreatment period for risk of developing CBC and/or dying of the primary cancer or CBC. For each patient profile, we used 100,000 microsimulation trials to estimate quality-adjusted life expectancy for the clinical strategies CPM and no CPM. Results CPM showed minimal improvement on quality-adjusted life expectancy among women age 50–60 with no or a unilateral first-degree or second-degree family history (decreasing from 0.31 to –0.06 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs)) and was unfavorable for most subgroups of women age 70 with stage III breast cancer regardless of degree of family history (range –0.08 to –0.02 QALYs). Sensitivity analysis showed that the highest predicted benefit of CPM assuming 95 % risk reduction in CBC was 0.57 QALYs for a 40-year-old woman with stage I breast cancer who had a first-degree relative with bilateral breast cancer. Conclusions Women age 40 with stage I breast cancer and a first-degree relative with bilateral breast cancer have a QALY benefit from CPM similar to that reported for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. For most subgroups of women, CPM has a minimal to no effect on quality-adjusted life expectancy, irrespective of family history of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalatu R Davies
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1444, P.O. Box 301402, Houston, TX, 77230-1402, USA
| | - Abenaa M Brewster
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabelle Bedrosian
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia A Parker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa A Crosby
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan K Peterson
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert J Volk
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1444, P.O. Box 301402, Houston, TX, 77230-1402, USA
| | - Scott B Cantor
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1444, P.O. Box 301402, Houston, TX, 77230-1402, USA.
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Bilateral mastectomy and the retreat from breast-conserving surgery. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 159:15-30. [PMID: 27475088 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the consequences for breast cancer patients of the trend away from breast conservation in favor of bilateral and contralateral mastectomy. The methods are followed from the review of the literature from 1991 to 2015. Breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy, introduced into mainstream practice in the 1980s and 1990s, respectively, are now the standard of care for early-stage breast cancer. Disruptive change has unexpectedly supervened in the guise of bilateral mastectomy for cancer or prophylaxis and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. These operations are now being resorted to at a rate which cannot be explained by any of the biological imperatives related to breast cancer and related diseases. This phenomenon extends across the Western world and beyond, driven by patients' cancer concern, a misunderstanding of what surgery can and cannot achieve and preserve, and the current popular media/cultural environment. These developments and their consequences for patients are reviewed. Surgical complications, especially those related to reconstruction, are unusually common. Of equal or greater concern are the physical, esthetic, psychosocial, psychosexual morbidities, and other adverse sequelae of these operations.
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Boughey JC, Attai DJ, Chen SL, Cody HS, Dietz JR, Feldman SM, Greenberg CC, Kass RB, Landercasper J, Lemaine V, MacNeill F, Margenthaler JA, Song DH, Staley AC, Wilke LG, Willey SC, Yao KA. Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Consensus Statement from the American Society of Breast Surgeons: Additional Considerations and a Framework for Shared Decision Making. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:3106-11. [PMID: 27469118 PMCID: PMC4999472 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deanna J Attai
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Health Burbank Breast Care, Burbank, CA, USA
| | | | - Hiram S Cody
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jill R Dietz
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Rena B Kass
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Fiona MacNeill
- Department of Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Julie A Margenthaler
- Department of Surgery, Center for Advanced Medicine, Breast Health Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David H Song
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Lee G Wilke
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shawna C Willey
- Department of Surgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katharine A Yao
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
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Yao K, Sisco M, Bedrosian I. Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy: current perspectives. Int J Womens Health 2016; 8:213-23. [PMID: 27382334 PMCID: PMC4922807 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s82816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing trend in the use of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) in the United States among women diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer, particularly young women. Approximately one-third of women <40 years old are undergoing CPM in the US. Most studies have shown that the CPM trend is mainly patient-driven, which reflects a changing environment for newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. The most common reason that women choose CPM is based on misperceptions about CPM’s effect on survival and overestimation of their contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk. No prospective studies have shown survival benefit to CPM, and the CBC rate for most women is low at 10 years. Fear of recurrence is also a big driver of CPM decisions. Nonetheless, studies have shown that women are mostly satisfied with undergoing CPM, but complications and subsequent surgeries with reconstruction have been associated with dissatisfaction with CPM. Studies on surgeon’s perspectives on CPM are sparse but show that the most common reasons surgeons discuss CPM with patients is because of a suspicious family history or for a patient who is a confirmed BRCA mutation carrier. Studies on the cost–effectiveness of CPM have been conflicting and are highly dependent on patient’s quality of life after CPM. Most recent guidelines for CPM are contradictory. Future areas of research include the development of interventions to better inform patients about CPM, modification of the guidelines to form a more consistent statement, longer term studies on CBC risk and CPM’s effect on survival, and prospective studies that track the psychosocial effects of CPM on body image and sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Yao
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery
| | - Mark Sisco
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
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Ager B, Butow P, Jansen J, Phillips KA, Porter D. Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM): A systematic review of patient reported factors and psychological predictors influencing choice and satisfaction. Breast 2016; 28:107-20. [PMID: 27290619 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conduct a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies exploring patient reported factors and psychological variables influencing the decision to have contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM), and satisfaction with CPM, in women with early stage breast cancer. METHODS Studies were identified via databases: Medline, CINAHL, Embase and PsycINFO. Data were extracted by one author and crosschecked by two additional authors for accuracy. The quality of included articles was assessed using standardised criteria by three authors. RESULTS Of the 1346 unique citations identified, 17 were studies that met the inclusion criteria. Studies included were primarily cross-sectional and retrospective. No study utilised a theoretical framework to guide research and few studies considered psychological predictors of CPM. Fear of breast cancer was the most commonly cited reason for CPM, followed by cosmetic reasons such as desire for symmetry. Overall, women appeared satisfied with CPM, however, adverse/diminished body image, poor cosmetic result, complications, diminished sense of sexuality, emotional issues and perceived lack of education regarding alternative surveillance/CPM efficacy were cited as reasons for dissatisfaction. CONCLUSION Current literature has begun to identify patient-reported reasons for CPM; however, the relative importance of different factors and how these factors relate to the process underlying the decision to have CPM are unknown. Of women who considered CPM, limited information is available regarding differences between those who proceed with or ultimately decline CPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Ager
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Phyllis Butow
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence Based Decision-Making, The University of Sydney, Australia; Psycho-Oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG), The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Jesse Jansen
- Psycho-Oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG), The University of Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Porter
- Dept of Medical Oncology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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33
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Wevers MR, Ausems MGEM, Verhoef S, Bleiker EMA, Hahn DEE, Brouwer T, Hogervorst FBL, van der Luijt RB, van Dalen T, Theunissen EB, van Ooijen B, de Roos MA, Borgstein PJ, Vrouenraets BC, Vriens E, Bouma WH, Rijna H, Vente JP, Kieffer JM, Valdimarsdottir HB, Rutgers EJT, Witkamp AJ, Aaronson NK. Does rapid genetic counseling and testing in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients cause additional psychosocial distress? results from a randomized clinical trial. Genet Med 2015; 18:137-44. [PMID: 25905441 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Female breast cancer patients carrying a BRCA1/2 mutation have an increased risk of second primary breast cancer. Rapid genetic counseling and testing (RGCT) before surgery may influence choice of primary surgical treatment. In this article, we report on the psychosocial impact of RGCT. METHODS Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients at risk for carrying a BRCA1/2 mutation were randomized to an intervention group (offer of RGCT) or a usual care control group (ratio 2:1). Psychosocial impact and quality of life were assessed with the Impact of Events Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Cancer Worry Scale, and the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23. Assessments took place at study entry and at 6- and 12-month follow-up visits. RESULTS Between 2008 and 2010, 265 patients were recruited into the study. Completeness of follow-up data was more than 90%. Of the 178 women in the intervention group, 177 had genetic counseling, of whom 71 (40%) had rapid DNA testing and 59 (33%) received test results before surgery. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses showed no statistically significant differences between groups over time in any of the psychosocial outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In this study, RGCT in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients did not have any measurable adverse psychosocial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke R Wevers
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet G E M Ausems
- Division of Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Senno Verhoef
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline M A Bleiker
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela E E Hahn
- Department of Psychosocial Counseling, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Titia Brouwer
- Division of Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans B L Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B van der Luijt
- Division of Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs van Dalen
- Division of Surgery, Diakonessen Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bart van Ooijen
- Division of Surgery, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix A de Roos
- Division of Surgery, Rivierenland Hospital, Tiel, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Borgstein
- Division of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart C Vrouenraets
- Division of Surgery, St. Lucas Andreas Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Vriens
- Division of Surgery, Tergooi Hospitals, Blaricum, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H Bouma
- Division of Surgery, Gelre Hospitals, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Herman Rijna
- Division of Surgery, Kennemer Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes P Vente
- Division of Surgery, Zuwe Hofpoort Hospital, Woerden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobien M Kieffer
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Emiel J Th Rutgers
- Division of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen J Witkamp
- Division of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Neil K Aaronson
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fayanju OM, Stoll CRT, Fowler S, Colditz GA, Margenthaler JA. Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy after unilateral breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg 2014; 260:1000-10. [PMID: 24950272 PMCID: PMC4539958 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) is associated with improved survival, incidence of contralateral breast cancer (CBC), and recurrence in patients with unilateral breast cancer (UBC). BACKGROUND Despite conflicting data, CPM rates continue to increase. Here we present the first meta-analysis to assess post-CPM outcomes in women with UBC. METHODS We searched 5 databases and retrieved papers' bibliographies for relevant studies published through March 2012. Fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on the basis of tests of study heterogeneity. We examined potential confounding via stratification and meta-regression. We report pooled relative risks (RRs) and risk differences (RDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) at 2-tailed P < 0.05 significance. RESULTS Of 93 studies reviewed, 14 were included in meta-analyses. Compared with nonrecipients, CPM recipients had higher rates of overall survival [OS; RR = 1.09 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.11)] and lower rates of breast cancer-specific mortality [BCM; RR = 0.69 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.85)] but saw no absolute reduction in risk of metachronous CBC (MCBC). Among patients with elevated familial/genetic risk (FGR, ie, BRCA carrier status and/or family history of breast cancer), both relative and absolute risks of MCBC were significantly decreased among CPM recipients [RR = 0.04 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.09); RD = -24.0% (95% CI: -35.6%, -12.4%)], but there was no improvement in OS or BCM. CONCLUSIONS CPM is associated with decreased MCBC incidence but not improved survival among patients with elevated FGR. The superior outcomes observed when comparing CPM recipients with nonrecipients in the general population are likely not attributable to a CPM-derived decrease in MCBC incidence. UBC patients without known FGR should not be advised to undergo CPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadamilola Motunaryo Fayanju
- *Department of Surgery †Becker Medical Library, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO ‡The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
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Hooker GW, King L, Vanhusen L, Graves K, Peshkin BN, Isaacs C, Taylor KL, Poggi E, Schwartz MD. Long-term satisfaction and quality of life following risk reducing surgery in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2014; 12:9. [PMID: 24690515 PMCID: PMC3977895 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-12-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As BRCA1/2 testing becomes more routine, questions remain about long-term satisfaction and quality of life following testing. Previously, we described long term distress and risk management outcomes among women with BRCA1/2 mutations. This study addresses positive psychological outcomes in BRCA1/2 carriers, describing decision satisfaction and quality of life in the years following testing. Methods We evaluated satisfaction with testing and management decisions among 144 BRCA1/2 carriers. Prior to genetic testing, we assessed family history, sociodemographics and distress. At a mean of 5.3 years post-testing, we assessed management decisions, satisfaction with decisions and, among women with cancer, quality of life. Results Overall, satisfaction with decision making was high. Women who had risk reducing mastectomy or oophorectomy were more satisfied with management decisions. Participants who obtained a risk reducing oophorectomy were more satisfied with their genetic testing decision. Among affected carriers, high pretest anxiety was associated with poorer quality of life and having had risk reducing mastectomy prior to testing was associated with better quality of life. The negative impact of pre-test anxiety was diminished among women who had mastectomies before testing. Conclusions BRCA1/2 carriers are satisfied with their testing and risk management decisions and report good quality of life years after testing. Having risk reducing surgery predicts increased satisfaction and improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc D Schwartz
- Department of Oncology, Jess and Mildred Fisher Center for Familial Cancer Research, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Pesce CE, Liederbach E, Czechura T, Winchester DJ, Yao K. Changing surgical trends in young patients with early stage breast cancer, 2003 to 2010: a report from the National Cancer Data Base. J Am Coll Surg 2014; 219:19-28. [PMID: 24862886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young patients with breast cancer represent a unique cohort of patients who often have different treatment plans than older patients. We hypothesized that the rates of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) were significantly higher and those of lumpectomy were significantly lower in young patients compared with older patients and that this trend persists when adjusting for patient, tumor, and facility factors. STUDY DESIGN We used the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) to study 553,593 patients from all ages with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage 0 to II breast tumors, who underwent lumpectomy, unilateral mastectomy, or CPM from 2003 to 2010. RESULTS Over the entire cohort, lumpectomy rates decreased from 67.7% in 2003 to 66.4% in 2010 in contrast to women 45 years old or less, in whom the lumpectomy rates went from 61.3% in 2003 to 49.4% in 2010. Unilateral mastectomy went from 28.2% to 23.9% and CPM from 4.1% to 9.7% compared with women 45 years old or less, in whom unilateral mastectomy rates went from 29.3% to 26.4% and CPM rates from 9.3% to 26.4%. Age was the most significant factor related to increasing CPM rates: 19.7% of women between 41 and 45 years old underwent CPM vs 5.1% of women between 66 and 70 years old. There was substantial regional variation in surgical procedures for young women: lumpectomy rates were lowest in the West and CPM rates were highest in the Midwest. Multivariate logistic regression showed that women 45 years old or younger compared with women more than 45 years who underwent CPM were more likely to be Caucasian, treated at an academic/research institution, have larger tumors, higher grade, higher stage, and lobular histology. CONCLUSIONS The rate of CPM continues to increase, with one-quarter of younger women undergoing CPM. This trend persists across all patient, tumor, and facility characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Pesce
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
| | - Erik Liederbach
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
| | - Tomasz Czechura
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
| | | | - Katharine Yao
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL.
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Factors predicting sexual functioning in patients 3 months after surgical procedures for breast cancer: The role of the Sense of Coherence. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2014; 18:41-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tuttle T, Habermann E, Abraham A, Emory T, Virnig B. Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy for patients with unilateral breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 7:1117-22. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.7.8.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rosenberg SM, Tracy MS, Meyer ME, Sepucha K, Gelber S, Hirshfield-Bartek J, Troyan S, Morrow M, Schapira L, Come SE, Winer EP, Partridge AH. Perceptions, knowledge, and satisfaction with contralateral prophylactic mastectomy among young women with breast cancer: a cross-sectional survey. Ann Intern Med 2013; 159:373-81. [PMID: 24042365 PMCID: PMC3968260 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-6-201309170-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chinese translation BACKGROUND Rates of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) have increased dramatically, particularly among younger women with breast cancer, but little is known about how women approach the decision to have CPM. OBJECTIVE To examine preferences, knowledge, decision making, and experiences of young women with breast cancer who choose CPM. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING 8 academic and community medical centers that enrolled 550 women diagnosed with breast cancer at age 40 years or younger between November 2006 and November 2010. PATIENTS 123 women without known bilateral breast cancer who reported having bilateral mastectomy. MEASUREMENTS A 1-time, 23-item survey that included items related to decision making, knowledge, risk perception, and breast cancer worry. RESULTS Most women indicated that desires to decrease their risk for contralateral breast cancer (98%) and improve survival (94%) were extremely or very important factors in their decision to have CPM. However, only 18% indicated that women with breast cancer who undergo CPM live longer than those who do not. BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers more accurately perceived their risk for contralateral breast cancer, whereas women without a known mutation substantially overestimated this risk. LIMITATIONS The survey, which was administered a median of 2 years after surgery, was not validated, and some questions might have been misinterpreted by respondents or subject to recall bias. Generalizability of the findings might be limited. CONCLUSION Despite knowing that CPM does not clearly improve survival, women who have the procedure do so, in part, to extend their lives. Many women overestimate their actual risk for cancer in the unaffected breast. Interventions aimed at improving risk communication in an effort to promote evidence-based decision making are warranted. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Susan G. Komen for the Cure.
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Tracy MS, Rosenberg SM, Dominici L, Partridge AH. Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in women with breast cancer: trends, predictors, and areas for future research. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 140:447-52. [PMID: 23893127 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed increasing rates of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) among women with unilateral early stage breast cancer. This trend has raised concerns, given the lack of evidence for a survival benefit from CPM and the relatively low risk of contralateral breast cancer for most women in this setting. In this article, we review available data regarding the value of CPM, predictors, and outcomes related to CPM, and areas for future research and potential intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela S Tracy
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 450 Brookline Ave Boston, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Risk-Reducing Mastectomy: Who Is a Candidate and What Are the Outcomes? CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-013-0110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Koslow S, Pharmer LA, Scott AM, Stempel M, Morrow M, Pusic AL, King TA. Long-Term Patient-Reported Satisfaction after Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy and Implant Reconstruction. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20:3422-9. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pal T, Vadaparampil ST. Genetic risk assessments in individuals at high risk for inherited breast cancer in the breast oncology care setting. Cancer Control 2013; 19:255-66. [PMID: 23037493 DOI: 10.1177/107327481201900402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has become increasingly common to consider BRCA mutation status when determining optimal cancer risk management and treatment options in order to improve patient outcomes. Knowledge about the risk for hereditary cancer at or as close as possible to the time of diagnosis allows patients access to the most risk reduction options available. METHODS This paper illustrates the role of genetic risk assessment for hereditary breast cancer, using hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome as a model due to germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2. Specifically, the value of genetic counseling and testing for HBOC across the cancer prevention and control continuum is outlined as it pertains to breast cancer. RESULTS In recognition of the importance of risk assessment for hereditary breast cancer, leading health professional organizations have developed specific guidelines and recommendations to providers for identification of women at increased risk for carrying a BRCA mutation. CONCLUSIONS Institutional efforts specific to genetic counseling and testing have resulted in the implementation of a model driven by physician recommendation as a referral system for high-risk breast cancer patients. Establishing an infrastructure to support research, education, and outreach initiatives focused on BRCA genetic counseling and testing will provide information that can improve the delivery of cancer genetics services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuya Pal
- Population Sciences Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Beesley H, Holcombe C, Brown S, Salmon P. Risk, worry and cosmesis in decision-making for contralateral risk-reducing mastectomy: Analysis of 60 consecutive cases in a specialist breast unit. Breast 2013; 22:179-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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King L, O'Neill SC, Spellman E, Peshkin BN, Valdimarsdottir H, Willey S, Leventhal KG, DeMarco T, Nusbaum R, Feldman E, Jandorf L, Schwartz MD. Intentions for bilateral mastectomy among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. J Surg Oncol 2012; 107:772-6. [PMID: 23280632 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent trends suggest that bilateral mastectomy (BM) is on the rise among women diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer. Few studies have investigated the factors associated with the decision to have more aggressive surgery among young, high risk patients. METHODS As part of a larger study, 284 women aged 50 and under completed an initial survey within 6 weeks of a breast cancer diagnosis. We assessed sociodemographics, medical and family history variables, treatment recommendations, preferences and concerns, distress, perceived risk, knowledge, and neuroticism. We used multiple regression with backward entry to assess the relationship between these variables and our outcomes of decisional conflict and intentions for BM. RESULTS Higher decisional conflict was associated with being less educated, unmarried, more anxious and less likely to have received a surgical recommendation. Preference for BM was associated with higher neuroticism, perceived risk for contralateral breast cancer, pre-testing risk of carrying a BRCA1/2 mutation, having received either a surgical recommendation (vs. no recommendation), and lower preference for lumpectomy. CONCLUSIONS For younger women, a surgical recommendation is associated with lower decisional conflict and stronger intention for BM. Results highlight the importance of effective risk communication and decision support between a woman and her surgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley King
- Department of Oncology, Jess and Mildred Fisher Center for Familial Cancer Research, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, USA
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Nekhlyudov L, Greene SM, Chubak J, Rabin B, Tuzzio L, Rolnick S, Field TS. Cancer research network: using integrated healthcare delivery systems as platforms for cancer survivorship research. J Cancer Surviv 2012; 7:55-62. [PMID: 23239136 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-012-0244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Much progress has been made in cancer survivorship research, but there are still many unanswered questions that can and need to be addressed by collaborative research consortia. METHODS Since 1999, the National Cancer Institute-funded HMO Cancer Research Network (CRN) has engaged in a wide variety of research focusing on cancer survivorship. With a focus on thematic topics in cancer survivorship, we describe how the CRN has contributed to research in cancer survivorship and the resources it offers for future collaborations. RESULTS We identified the following areas of cancer survivorship research: surveillance for and predictors of recurrences, health care delivery and care coordination, health care utilization and costs, psychosocial outcomes, cancer communication and decision making, late effects of cancer and its treatment, use of and adherence to adjuvant therapies, and lifestyle and behavioral interventions following cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS With over a decade of experience using cancer data in community-based settings, the CRN investigators and their collaborators are poised to generate evidence in cancer survivorship research. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Collaborative research within these settings can improve the quality of care for cancer survivors within and beyond integrated health care delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Nekhlyudov
- Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute Department of Medicine Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Unukovych D, Sandelin K, Liljegren A, Arver B, Wickman M, Johansson H, Brandberg Y. Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in breast cancer patients with a family history: a prospective 2-years follow-up study of health related quality of life, sexuality and body image. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:3150-6. [PMID: 22695071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) is the most effective option to prevent the occurrence of a second breast cancer in hereditary breast cancer patients. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL), anxiety and depression, sexuality and body image in breast cancer patients with a family history undergoing CPM with immediate breast reconstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS In total, 60 of 69 eligible patients agreed to participate in the study. Four validated questionnaires were used: the SF-36, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), the Body Image Scale (BIS), and the Sexual Activity Questionnaire (SAQ). Forty-five patients (75%) responded before CPM, 49 (82%) at 6 months, and 45 (75%) at 2 years after CPM. RESULTS Overall, the patients showed a satisfactory HRQoL 2 years after CPM, similar to women in the general population. There were no differences in HRQoL, anxiety, depression or sexuality before and after CPM. However, more than half of the women reported at least one body image problem 2 years postoperatively. CONCLUSION No adverse effects on HRQoL, anxiety, depression or sexuality were observed. However, some aspects of body image were negatively affected after CPM. These findings could be used in preoperative counselling of breast cancer patients opting for CPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Unukovych
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Barry M, Sacchini V. When is contralateral mastectomy warranted in unilateral breast cancer? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2012; 11:1209-14. [PMID: 21916574 DOI: 10.1586/era.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Contralateral mastectomy, in the setting of unilateral breast cancer, may only offer a survival benefit in selected patients. In fact, most women with a unilateral breast cancer will never develop a contralateral breast cancer. Despite this, there is a rapidly increasing trend of patients undergoing contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. The Society of Surgical Oncology has provided relative clinical indications for this prophylactic procedure; however, there are other clinical and more important patient factors that are relevant to the decision. In this article, we discuss the indications for this controversial procedure and also explore the patient's motivation to undergo this preventative measure. Nevertheless, the decision to perform a contralateral mastectomy should include a multidisciplinary team approach in conjunction with a patient who has been appropriately informed regarding the risks, benefits and alternatives of this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel Barry
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in breast cancer patients who test negative for BRCA mutations. Am J Surg 2011; 202:298-302. [PMID: 21871984 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of BRCA1 and 2 mutation carrier status is important. Although BRCA carriers are offered bilateral mastectomy and oophorectomy, most who test negative decline. Some women choose contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) at the time of their breast cancer diagnosis despite testing negative. METHODS A total of 110 women with breast cancer received genetic testing before surgical treatment. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical treatment, and magnetic resonance imaging use were recorded. RESULTS Results revealed BRCA1/2 mutation in 33%, variant of unknown significance in 6%, and no mutation in 61% of women. In BRCA-negative women, 37% chose CPM. Marital status was significant for CPM (P = .03). Race, age, stage of presentation, and biomarker status were not associated with choice of CPM. Ninety-six percent of CPM recipients underwent breast reconstruction. Magnetic resonance imaging use did not affect CPM rates (P = .99). CONCLUSIONS Increased rates of CPM have been observed. In our study married women were more likely to choose CPM. We recommend genetic genotyping before surgery. These findings warrant further investigation.
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Frost MH, Hoskin TL, Hartmann LC, Degnim AC, Johnson JL, Boughey JC. Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy: long-term consistency of satisfaction and adverse effects and the significance of informed decision-making, quality of life, and personality traits. Ann Surg Oncol 2011; 18:3110-6. [PMID: 21947589 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-011-1917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the long-term consistency of satisfaction with contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) and adverse psychosocial effects as well as to explore the effect of informed decision-making, personality traits, and quality of life (QOL) on satisfaction. METHODS A previously established cohort of women with unilateral breast cancer who had undergone CPM between 1960 and 1993 were surveyed using study-specific and standardized questionnaires at two follow-up time points. The first survey was a mean of 10.7 years and the second survey a mean of 20.2 years after CPM. RESULTS 487 of the 583 women who responded to the first study were alive and resurveyed. Data from both surveys were available for 269 women. With longer follow-up, there was a small increase in the percentage of women satisfied (90%) and those who would choose CPM again (92%) (4% and 2% increase from first survey, respectively). Most adversely affected were body appearance (31%), feelings of femininity (24%), and sexual relationships (23%). Ninety-three percent of women felt they had made an informed decision. Perception of making an informed choice and current QOL were moderately associated with satisfaction with CPM (r = 0.37 and 0.37, respectively) while associations with trait anxiety and optimism were weak (r = 0.27 and 0.21, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Long-term satisfaction and adverse effects remained remarkably stable. It is important that women fully understand the benefits and adverse effects associated with CPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene H Frost
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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