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Ramlau R, Zatloukal P, Jassem J, Schwarzenberger P, Orlov SV, Gottfried M, Pereira JR, Temperley G, Negro-Vilar R, Rahal S, Zhang JK, Negro-Vilar A, Dziewanowska ZE. Randomized phase III trial comparing bexarotene (L1069-49)/cisplatin/vinorelbine with cisplatin/vinorelbine in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: SPIRIT I. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:1886-92. [PMID: 18398154 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.12.2614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated whether the combination of the synthetic rexinoid bexarotene with first-line cisplatin/vinorelbine therapy provides additional survival benefit in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage IIIB with pleural effusion or stage IV NSCLC and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 1 were randomly assigned to open-label bexarotene 400 mg/m(2)/d with cisplatin/vinorelbine or to cisplatin/vinorelbine alone. Antilipid agents were initiated on or before day 1 in the bexarotene arm. Primary efficacy end point was overall survival. Primary, secondary and supportive efficacy analyses were conducted. RESULTS A total of 623 patients (312 control, 311 bexarotene) were enrolled. Overall, no significant difference in survival occurred between the two treatment groups. However, an unplanned retrospective analysis showed that a subpopulation of bexarotene patients (n = 98 of 306) who experienced National Cancer Institute grade 3/4 hypertriglyceridemia had longer median survival compared with control patients (12.3 v 9.9 months; log-rank P = .08). Within that subgroup, those who benefited the most included males, smokers, those with stage IV disease, and those with a 6-month prior weight loss of 5% or more. Incidence, type and severity of grade 3/4 adverse events were comparable between arms, except for leukopenia (higher in chemotherapy arm) and hyperlipemia, hypothyroidism, dyspnea, and headache (higher in chemotherapy/bexarotene arm). CONCLUSION The addition of bexarotene to first-line chemotherapy did not increase survival in patients with advanced NSCLC. However, a subgroup (32%) of bexarotene-treated patients developing high-grade hypertriglyceridemia appeared to have better survival (12.3 months) than controls; thus triglyceride response may be a biomarker of survival benefit with bexarotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodryg Ramlau
- Lung Disease Centre, Oncology Department, ul.Szamarzewskiego, Poznań, Poland.
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Blumenschein GR, Khuri FR, von Pawel J, Gatzemeier U, Miller WH, Jotte RM, Le Treut J, Sun SL, Zhang JK, Dziewanowska ZE, Negro-Vilar A. Phase III Trial Comparing Carboplatin, Paclitaxel, and Bexarotene With Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Chemotherapy-Naïve Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: SPIRIT II. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:1879-85. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.12.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether addition of the synthetic rexinoid bexarotene (Targretin; Eisai Inc, Woodcliff Lake, NJ) to standard first-line carboplatin and paclitaxel therapy provides additional survival benefit in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Patients with stage IIIB disease with pleural effusion, or stage IV NSCLC and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 1, were randomly assigned to bexarotene 400 mg/m2/d combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel, or assigned to carboplatin and paclitaxel alone. Bexarotene patients also received lipid-lowering agents on or before day 1. The primary efficacy end point was overall survival; secondary efficacy and supportive analyses were also conducted. Results A total of 612 patients (306 per arm) were enrolled onto the study. In the intent-to-treat population, no significant difference in survival occurred between the two arms. However, a subpopulation (approximately 40%) of bexarotene-treated patients who experienced National Cancer Institute grade 3/4 hypertriglyceridemia had significantly longer median survival than control patients (12.4 v 9.2 months; log-rank, P = .014). Bexarotene-treated patients with grade 3/4 hypertriglyceridemia who received the most benefit included those who were male, were smokers, experienced 6-month prior weight loss ≥ 5%, and had stage IV disease. The incidence and severity of most adverse events were similar between arms, although hyperlipidemia, neutropenia, fatigue, leukopenia, arthralgia, and diarrhea were more frequent in the bexarotene arm. Conclusion Although the addition of bexarotene to chemotherapy did not improve survival in the overall study population, occurrence of high-grade hypertriglyceridemia in bexarotene-treated patients strongly correlated with increased survival, suggesting that bexarotene may benefit a segment of first-line NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Blumenschein
- From Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Clinical and Translational Research, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Ligand, San Diego, CA; US Oncology, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Houston, TX; Zentralkrankenhaus Gauting, Abteilung Onkologie, Gauting bei Muenchen; Grosshansdorf Hospital, Grosshansdorf; Zentralkrankenhaus, Gauting, Germany; Department of Oncology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish
| | - Fadlo R. Khuri
- From Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Clinical and Translational Research, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Ligand, San Diego, CA; US Oncology, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Houston, TX; Zentralkrankenhaus Gauting, Abteilung Onkologie, Gauting bei Muenchen; Grosshansdorf Hospital, Grosshansdorf; Zentralkrankenhaus, Gauting, Germany; Department of Oncology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish
| | - Joachim von Pawel
- From Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Clinical and Translational Research, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Ligand, San Diego, CA; US Oncology, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Houston, TX; Zentralkrankenhaus Gauting, Abteilung Onkologie, Gauting bei Muenchen; Grosshansdorf Hospital, Grosshansdorf; Zentralkrankenhaus, Gauting, Germany; Department of Oncology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish
| | - Ulrich Gatzemeier
- From Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Clinical and Translational Research, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Ligand, San Diego, CA; US Oncology, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Houston, TX; Zentralkrankenhaus Gauting, Abteilung Onkologie, Gauting bei Muenchen; Grosshansdorf Hospital, Grosshansdorf; Zentralkrankenhaus, Gauting, Germany; Department of Oncology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish
| | - Wilson H. Miller
- From Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Clinical and Translational Research, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Ligand, San Diego, CA; US Oncology, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Houston, TX; Zentralkrankenhaus Gauting, Abteilung Onkologie, Gauting bei Muenchen; Grosshansdorf Hospital, Grosshansdorf; Zentralkrankenhaus, Gauting, Germany; Department of Oncology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish
| | - Robert M. Jotte
- From Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Clinical and Translational Research, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Ligand, San Diego, CA; US Oncology, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Houston, TX; Zentralkrankenhaus Gauting, Abteilung Onkologie, Gauting bei Muenchen; Grosshansdorf Hospital, Grosshansdorf; Zentralkrankenhaus, Gauting, Germany; Department of Oncology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish
| | - Jacques Le Treut
- From Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Clinical and Translational Research, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Ligand, San Diego, CA; US Oncology, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Houston, TX; Zentralkrankenhaus Gauting, Abteilung Onkologie, Gauting bei Muenchen; Grosshansdorf Hospital, Grosshansdorf; Zentralkrankenhaus, Gauting, Germany; Department of Oncology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish
| | - Show-Li Sun
- From Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Clinical and Translational Research, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Ligand, San Diego, CA; US Oncology, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Houston, TX; Zentralkrankenhaus Gauting, Abteilung Onkologie, Gauting bei Muenchen; Grosshansdorf Hospital, Grosshansdorf; Zentralkrankenhaus, Gauting, Germany; Department of Oncology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish
| | - Jinkun K. Zhang
- From Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Clinical and Translational Research, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Ligand, San Diego, CA; US Oncology, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Houston, TX; Zentralkrankenhaus Gauting, Abteilung Onkologie, Gauting bei Muenchen; Grosshansdorf Hospital, Grosshansdorf; Zentralkrankenhaus, Gauting, Germany; Department of Oncology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish
| | - Zofia E. Dziewanowska
- From Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Clinical and Translational Research, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Ligand, San Diego, CA; US Oncology, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Houston, TX; Zentralkrankenhaus Gauting, Abteilung Onkologie, Gauting bei Muenchen; Grosshansdorf Hospital, Grosshansdorf; Zentralkrankenhaus, Gauting, Germany; Department of Oncology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish
| | - Andres Negro-Vilar
- From Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Clinical and Translational Research, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Ligand, San Diego, CA; US Oncology, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Houston, TX; Zentralkrankenhaus Gauting, Abteilung Onkologie, Gauting bei Muenchen; Grosshansdorf Hospital, Grosshansdorf; Zentralkrankenhaus, Gauting, Germany; Department of Oncology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish
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