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Yousefi Y, Nejati R, Eslahi A, Alizadeh F, Farrokhi S, Asoodeh A, Mojarrad M. Enhancing Temozolomide (TMZ) chemosensitivity using CRISPR-dCas9-mediated downregulation of O 6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). J Neurooncol 2024; 169:129-135. [PMID: 38762829 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) stands out as the most prevalent and aggressive intracranial tumor, notorious for its poor prognosis. The current standard-of-care for GBM patients involves surgical resection followed by radiotherapy, combined with concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy using Temozolomide (TMZ). The effectiveness of TMZ primarily relies on the activity of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), which removes alkyl adducts from the O6 position of guanine at the DNA level, thereby counteracting the toxic effects of TMZ. METHOD In this study, we employed fusions of catalytically-inactive Cas9 (dCas9) to DNA methyltransferases (dCas9-DNMT3A) to selectively downregulation MGMT transcription by inducing methylation at MGMT promoter and K-M enhancer. RESULT Our findings demonstrate a significant reduction in MGMT expression, leading to intensified TMZ sensitivity in the HEK293T cell line. CONCLUSION This study serves as a proof of concept for the utilization of CRISPR-based gene suppression to overcome TMZ resistance and enhance the lethal effect of TMZ in glioblastoma tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Yousefi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Nejati
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, 19111, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Atiye Eslahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Farrokhi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Xu J, Lou X, Wang F, Zhang W, Xu X, Ye Z, Zhuo Q, Wang Y, Jing D, Fan G, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Chen J, Qin Y, Yu X, Ji S. MEN1 Deficiency-Driven Activation of the β-Catenin-MGMT Axis Promotes Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Growth and Confers Temozolomide Resistance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2308417. [PMID: 39041891 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes alkyl adducts from the guanine O6 position (O6-MG) and repairs DNA damage. High MGMT expression results in poor response to temozolomide (TMZ). However, the biological importance of MGMT and the mechanism underlying its high expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) remain elusive. Here, it is found that MGMT expression is highly elevated in PanNET tissues compared with paired normal tissues and negatively associated with progression-free survival (PFS) time in patients with PanNETs. Knocking out MGMT inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic MEN1 expression suppresses MGMT transcription in a manner that depends on β-Catenin nuclear export and degradation. The Leucine 267 residue of MEN1 is crucial for regulating β-Catenin-MGMT axis activation and chemosensitivity to TMZ. Interference with β-Catenin re-sensitizes tumor cells to TMZ and significantly reduces the cytotoxic effects of high-dose TMZ treatment, and MGMT overexpression counteracts the effects of β-Catenin deficiency. This study reveals the biological importance of MGMT and a new mechanism by which MEN1 deficiency regulates its expression, thus providing a potential combinational strategy for treating patients with TMZ-resistant PanNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Xu
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Lou
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wuhu Zhang
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zeng Ye
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qifeng Zhuo
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Desheng Jing
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guixiong Fan
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213004, China
| | - Chenjie Zhou
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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3
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Mao M, Wu Y, He Q. Recent advances in targeted drug delivery for the treatment of glioblastoma. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:8689-8707. [PMID: 38606460 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01056f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the highly malignant brain tumors characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the recent advancements in the treatment of GBM, major challenges persist in achieving controlled drug delivery to tumors. The management of GBM poses considerable difficulties primarily due to unresolved issues in the blood-brain barrier (BBB)/blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB) and GBM microenvironment. These factors limit the uptake of anti-cancer drugs by the tumor, thus limiting the therapeutic options. Current breakthroughs in nanotechnology provide new prospects concerning unconventional drug delivery approaches for GBM treatment. Specifically, swimming nanorobots show great potential in active targeted delivery, owing to their autonomous propulsion and improved navigation capacities across biological barriers, which further facilitate the development of GBM-targeted strategies. This review presents an overview of technological progress in different drug administration methods for GBM. Additionally, the limitations in clinical translation and future research prospects in this field are also discussed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive guideline for researchers and offer perspectives on further development of new drug delivery therapies to combat GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Mao
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Yingjie Wu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Qiang He
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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4
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Li Y. DNA Adducts in Cancer Chemotherapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5113-5143. [PMID: 38552031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
DNA adducting drugs, including alkylating agents and platinum-containing drugs, are prominent in cancer chemotherapy. Their mechanisms of action involve direct interaction with DNA, resulting in the formation of DNA addition products known as DNA adducts. While these adducts are well-accepted to induce cancer cell death, understanding of their specific chemotypes and their role in drug therapy response remain limited. This perspective aims to address this gap by investigating the metabolic activation and chemical characterization of DNA adducts formed by the U.S. FDA-approved drugs. Moreover, clinical studies on DNA adducts as potential biomarkers for predicting patient responses to drug efficacy are examined. The overarching goal is to engage the interest of medicinal chemists and stimulate further research into the use of DNA adducts as biomarkers for guiding personalized cancer treatment.
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Rahman R, Shi DD, Reitman ZJ, Hamerlik P, de Groot JF, Haas-Kogan DA, D'Andrea AD, Sulman EP, Tanner K, Agar NYR, Sarkaria JN, Tinkle CL, Bindra RS, Mehta MP, Wen PY. DNA damage response in brain tumors: A Society for Neuro-Oncology consensus review on mechanisms and translational efforts in neuro-oncology. Neuro Oncol 2024:noae072. [PMID: 38770568 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms are critical to maintenance of overall genomic stability, and their dysfunction can contribute to oncogenesis. Significant advances in our understanding of DDR pathways have raised the possibility of developing therapies that exploit these processes. In this expert-driven consensus review, we examine mechanisms of response to DNA damage, progress in development of DDR inhibitors in IDH-wild-type glioblastoma and IDH-mutant gliomas, and other important considerations such as biomarker development, preclinical models, combination therapies, mechanisms of resistance and clinical trial design considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifaquat Rahman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diana D Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary J Reitman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John F de Groot
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daphne A Haas-Kogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kirk Tanner
- National Brain Tumor Society, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christopher L Tinkle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Minesh P Mehta
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Shaw R, Basu M, Karmakar S, Ghosh MK. MGMT in TMZ-based glioma therapy: Multifaceted insights and clinical trial perspectives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119673. [PMID: 38242327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the most preferred and approved chemotherapeutic drug for either first- or second-line chemotherapy for glioma patients across the globe. In glioma patients, resistance to treatment with alkylating drugs like TMZ is known to be conferred by exalted levels of MGMT gene expression. On the contrary, epigenetic silencing through MGMT gene promoter methylation leading to subsequent reduction in MGMT transcription and protein expression, is predicted to have a response favoring TMZ treatment. Thus, MGMT protein level in cancer cells is a crucial determining factor in indicating and predicting the choice of alkylating agents in chemotherapy or choosing glioma patients directly for a second line of treatment. Thus, in-depth research is necessary to achieve insights into MGMT gene regulation that has recently enticed a fascinating interest in epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. Furthermore, MGMT promoter methylation, stability of MGMT protein, and related subsequent adaptive responses are also important contributors to strategic developments in glioma therapy. With applications to its identification as a prognostic biomarker, thus predicting response to advanced glioma therapy, this review aims to concentrate on the mechanistic role and regulation of MGMT gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels functioning under the control of multiple signaling dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Shaw
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24, Paraganas 743372, India
| | - Subhajit Karmakar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Abdelnabi D, Lastakchi S, Watts C, Atkins H, Hingtgen S, Valdivia A, McConville C. Local administration of irinotecan using an implantable drug delivery device stops high-grade glioma tumor recurrence in a glioblastoma tumor model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01524-x. [PMID: 38319555 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The treatment for Glioblastoma is limited due to the presence of the blood brain barrier, which restricts the entry of chemotherapeutic drugs into the brain. Local delivery into the tumor resection margin has the potential to improve efficacy of chemotherapy. We developed a safe and clinically translatable irinotecan implant for local delivery to increase its efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects. Irinotecan-loaded implants were manufactured using hot melt extrusion, gamma sterilized at 25 kGy, and characterized for their irinotecan content, release, and drug diffusion. Their therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in a patient-derived xenograft mouse resection model of glioblastoma. Their safety and translatability were evaluated using histological analysis of brain tissue and serum chemistry analysis. Implants containing 30% and 40% w/w irinotecan were manufactured without plasticizer. The 30% and 40% implants showed moderate local toxicity up to 2- and 6-day post-implantation. Histopathology of the implantation site showed signs of necrosis at days 45 and 14 for the 30% and 40% implants. Hematological analysis and clinical chemistry showed no signs of serious systemic toxicity for either implant. The 30% implants had an 80% survival at day 148, with no sign of tumor recurrence. Gamma sterilization and 12-month storage had no impact on the integrity of the 30% implants. This study demonstrates that the 30% implants are a promising novel treatment for glioblastoma that could be quickly translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Abdelnabi
- School of Pharmacy, Robert Aitken Institute for Clinical Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sarah Lastakchi
- School of Pharmacy, Robert Aitken Institute for Clinical Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Colin Watts
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hannah Atkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shawn Hingtgen
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alain Valdivia
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Christopher McConville
- School of Pharmacy, Robert Aitken Institute for Clinical Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
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Fang Q. The Versatile Attributes of MGMT: Its Repair Mechanism, Crosstalk with Other DNA Repair Pathways, and Its Role in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:331. [PMID: 38254819 PMCID: PMC10814553 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT or AGT) is a DNA repair protein with the capability to remove alkyl groups from O6-AlkylG adducts. Moreover, MGMT plays a crucial role in repairing DNA damage induced by methylating agents like temozolomide and chloroethylating agents such as carmustine, and thereby contributes to chemotherapeutic resistance when these agents are used. This review delves into the structural roles and repair mechanisms of MGMT, with emphasis on the potential structural and functional roles of the N-terminal domain of MGMT. It also explores the development of cancer therapeutic strategies that target MGMT. Finally, it discusses the intriguing crosstalk between MGMT and other DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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9
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Pashirova TN, Nemtarev AV, Buzyurova DN, Shaihutdinova ZM, Dimukhametov MN, Babaev VM, Voloshina AD, Mironov VF. Terpenes-Modified Lipid Nanosystems for Temozolomide, Improving Cytotoxicity against Glioblastoma Human Cancer Cells In Vitro. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:55. [PMID: 38202510 PMCID: PMC10780480 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Currently, increasing the efficiency of glioblastoma treatment is still an unsolved problem. In this study, a combination of promising approaches was proposed: (i) an application of nanotechnology approach to create a new terpene-modified lipid system (7% w/w), using soybean L-α-phosphatidylcholine, N-carbonyl-methoxypolyethylene glycol-2000)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine for delivery of the chemotherapy drug, temozolomide (TMZ, 1 mg/mL); (ii) use of TMZ associated with natural compounds-terpenes (1% w/w) abietic acid and Abies sibirica Ledeb. resin (A. sibirica). Different concentrations and combinations of terpene-lipid systems were employed to treat human cancer cell lines T 98G (glioblastoma), M-Hela (carcinoma of the cervix) and human liver cell lines (Chang liver). The terpene-lipid systems appeared to be unilamellar and of spherical shape under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The creation of a TMZ-loaded terpene-lipid nanosystem was about 100 nm in diameter with a negative surface charge found by dynamic light scattering. The 74% encapsulation efficiency allowed the release time of TMZ to be prolonged. The modification by terpenes of TMZ-loaded lipid nanoparticles improved by four times the cytotoxicity against human cancer T 98G cells and decreased the cytotoxicity against human normal liver cells. Terpene-modified delivery lipid systems are of potential interest as a combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N. Pashirova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.N.); (D.N.B.); (Z.M.S.); (M.N.D.); (V.M.B.); (A.D.V.); (V.F.M.)
| | - Andrey V. Nemtarev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.N.); (D.N.B.); (Z.M.S.); (M.N.D.); (V.M.B.); (A.D.V.); (V.F.M.)
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Daina N. Buzyurova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.N.); (D.N.B.); (Z.M.S.); (M.N.D.); (V.M.B.); (A.D.V.); (V.F.M.)
| | - Zukhra M. Shaihutdinova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.N.); (D.N.B.); (Z.M.S.); (M.N.D.); (V.M.B.); (A.D.V.); (V.F.M.)
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Mudaris N. Dimukhametov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.N.); (D.N.B.); (Z.M.S.); (M.N.D.); (V.M.B.); (A.D.V.); (V.F.M.)
| | - Vasily M. Babaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.N.); (D.N.B.); (Z.M.S.); (M.N.D.); (V.M.B.); (A.D.V.); (V.F.M.)
| | - Alexandra D. Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.N.); (D.N.B.); (Z.M.S.); (M.N.D.); (V.M.B.); (A.D.V.); (V.F.M.)
| | - Vladimir F. Mironov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.N.); (D.N.B.); (Z.M.S.); (M.N.D.); (V.M.B.); (A.D.V.); (V.F.M.)
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10
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Ozyerli-Goknar E, Kala EY, Aksu AC, Bulut I, Cingöz A, Nizamuddin S, Biniossek M, Seker-Polat F, Morova T, Aztekin C, Kung SHY, Syed H, Tuncbag N, Gönen M, Philpott M, Cribbs AP, Acilan C, Lack NA, Onder TT, Timmers HTM, Bagci-Onder T. Epigenetic-focused CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies (absent, small, or homeotic)2-like protein (ASH2L) as a regulator of glioblastoma cell survival. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:328. [PMID: 37974198 PMCID: PMC10652464 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with extremely poor prognosis, highlighting an urgent need for developing novel treatment options. Identifying epigenetic vulnerabilities of cancer cells can provide excellent therapeutic intervention points for various types of cancers. METHOD In this study, we investigated epigenetic regulators of glioblastoma cell survival through CRISPR/Cas9 based genetic ablation screens using a customized sgRNA library EpiDoKOL, which targets critical functional domains of chromatin modifiers. RESULTS Screens conducted in multiple cell lines revealed ASH2L, a histone lysine methyltransferase complex subunit, as a major regulator of glioblastoma cell viability. ASH2L depletion led to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. RNA sequencing and greenCUT&RUN together identified a set of cell cycle regulatory genes, such as TRA2B, BARD1, KIF20B, ARID4A and SMARCC1 that were downregulated upon ASH2L depletion. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed the interaction partners of ASH2L in glioblastoma cell lines as SET1/MLL family members including SETD1A, SETD1B, MLL1 and MLL2. We further showed that glioblastoma cells had a differential dependency on expression of SET1/MLL family members for survival. The growth of ASH2L-depleted glioblastoma cells was markedly slower than controls in orthotopic in vivo models. TCGA analysis showed high ASH2L expression in glioblastoma compared to low grade gliomas and immunohistochemical analysis revealed significant ASH2L expression in glioblastoma tissues, attesting to its clinical relevance. Therefore, high throughput, robust and affordable screens with focused libraries, such as EpiDoKOL, holds great promise to enable rapid discovery of novel epigenetic regulators of cancer cell survival, such as ASH2L. CONCLUSION Together, we suggest that targeting ASH2L could serve as a new therapeutic opportunity for glioblastoma. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Ozyerli-Goknar
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ezgi Yagmur Kala
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye
| | - Ali Cenk Aksu
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye
| | - Ipek Bulut
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Cingöz
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye
| | - Sheikh Nizamuddin
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Biniossek
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fidan Seker-Polat
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye
| | - Tunc Morova
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Can Aztekin
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sonia H Y Kung
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hamzah Syed
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Data Management Lab, KUTTAM, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nurcan Tuncbag
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Gönen
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Martin Philpott
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam P Cribbs
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ceyda Acilan
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nathan A Lack
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tamer T Onder
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - H T Marc Timmers
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tugba Bagci-Onder
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, 34450, Türkiye.
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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11
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Bai P, Fan T, Wang X, Zhao L, Zhong R, Sun G. Modulating MGMT expression through interfering with cell signaling pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115726. [PMID: 37524206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Guanine O6-alkylating agents are widely used as first-line chemotherapeutic drugs due to their ability to induce cytotoxic DNA damage. However, a major hurdle in their effectiveness is the emergence of chemoresistance, largely attributed to the DNA repair pathway mediated by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). MGMT plays an important role in removing the alkyl groups from lethal O6-alkylguanine (O6-AlkylG) adducts formed by chemotherapeutic alkylating agents. By doing so, MGMT enables tumor cells to evade apoptosis and develop drug resistance toward DNA alkylating agents. Although covalent inhibitors of MGMT, such as O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG) and O6-(4-bromothenyl)guanine (O6-4-BTG or lomeguatrib), have been explored in clinical settings, their utility is limited due to severe delayed hematological toxicity observed in most patients when combined with alkylating agents. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new targets and unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms and to develop alternative therapeutic strategies that can overcome MGMT-mediated tumor resistance. In this context, the regulation of MGMT expression via interfering the specific cell signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, Hedgehog, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT) emerges as a promising strategy for overcoming tumor resistance, and ultimately enhancing the efficacy of DNA alkylating agents in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tengjiao Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Department of Medical Technology, Beijing Pharmaceutical University of Staff and Workers, Beijing 100079, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Clinical Trials Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lijiao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Rugang Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Guohui Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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12
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Sun G, Bai P, Fan T, Zhao L, Zhong R, McElhinney RS, McMurry TBH, Donnelly DJ, McCormick JE, Kelly J, Margison GP. QSAR and Chemical Read-Across Analysis of 370 Potential MGMT Inactivators to Identify the Structural Features Influencing Inactivation Potency. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2170. [PMID: 37631385 PMCID: PMC10458236 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) constitutes an important cellular mechanism for repairing potentially cytotoxic DNA damage induced by guanine O6-alkylating agents and can render cells highly resistant to certain cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. A wide variety of potential MGMT inactivators have been designed and synthesized for the purpose of overcoming MGMT-mediated tumor resistance. We determined the inactivation potency of these compounds against human recombinant MGMT using [3H]-methylated-DNA-based MGMT inactivation assays and calculated the IC50 values. Using the results of 370 compounds, we performed quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling to identify the correlation between the chemical structure and MGMT-inactivating ability. Modeling was based on subdividing the sorted pIC50 values or on chemical structures or was random. A total of nine molecular descriptors were presented in the model equation, in which the mechanistic interpretation indicated that the status of nitrogen atoms, aliphatic primary amino groups, the presence of O-S at topological distance 3, the presence of Al-O-Ar/Ar-O-Ar/R..O..R/R-O-C=X, the ionization potential and hydrogen bond donors are the main factors responsible for inactivation ability. The final model was of high internal robustness, goodness of fit and prediction ability (R2pr = 0.7474, Q2Fn = 0.7375-0.7437, CCCpr = 0.8530). After the best splitting model was decided, we established the full model based on the entire set of compounds using the same descriptor combination. We also used a similarity-based read-across technique to further improve the external predictive ability of the model (R2pr = 0.7528, Q2Fn = 0.7387-0.7449, CCCpr = 0.8560). The prediction quality of 66 true external compounds was checked using the "Prediction Reliability Indicator" tool. In summary, we defined key structural features associated with MGMT inactivation, thus allowing for the design of MGMT inactivators that might improve clinical outcomes in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (P.B.); (T.F.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Peiying Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (P.B.); (T.F.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Tengjiao Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (P.B.); (T.F.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Medical Technology, Beijing Pharmaceutical University of Staff and Workers, Beijing 100079, China
| | - Lijiao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (P.B.); (T.F.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rugang Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (P.B.); (T.F.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - R. Stanley McElhinney
- Chemistry Department, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (T.B.H.M.); (D.J.D.)
| | - T. Brian H. McMurry
- Chemistry Department, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (T.B.H.M.); (D.J.D.)
| | - Dorothy J. Donnelly
- Chemistry Department, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (T.B.H.M.); (D.J.D.)
| | - Joan E. McCormick
- Chemistry Department, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (T.B.H.M.); (D.J.D.)
| | - Jane Kelly
- Carcinogenesis Department, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester M20 9BX, UK;
| | - Geoffrey P. Margison
- Carcinogenesis Department, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester M20 9BX, UK;
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PG, UK
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13
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Helal DO, Abdel-Mottaleb MMA, Kamel AO, Rouatbi N, Han S, Geneidi AS, Al-Jamal KT, Awad GAS. The interplay of solvent-drug-protein interactions during albumin nanoparticles formulations for temozolomide delivery to brain cancer cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:921-930. [PMID: 37279781 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Temozolomide (TMZ), the first line for glioma therapy, suffers from stability at physiological pH. TMZ was selected as a challenging model drug for loading into human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSA NPs). Our aim is to optimise the conditions for TMZ loading into HSA NPs while ensuring TMZ stability. METHODS Blank and TMZ-HSA NPs were fabricated using the de-solvation technique and the effect of different formulation parameters was evaluated. KEY FINDINGS For blank NPs, crosslinking time had no significant effect on NPs' size while acetone produced significantly smaller particles than ethanol. Upon drug loading, though TMZ was stable in acetone and ethanol as single agents yet, ethanol-based NPs showed misleadingly high EE% due to drug instability in ethanol formulations as evident by the UV spectrum.The optimum conditions for drug-loaded particles were: 10 mg/ml HSA, 4 mg TMZ using acetone, yielded NPs with 145 nm in diameter, ξ of -16.98 mV and 0.16% DL. The selected formula reduced the cell viabilities of GL261 glioblastoma cells and BL6 glioblastoma stem cells to 61.9% and 38.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results corroborated that careful manipulation of TMZ formulation processing parameters is crucial for encapsulating such chemically unstable dug while simultaneously ensuring its chemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina O Helal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mona M A Abdel-Mottaleb
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany O Kamel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia Rouatbi
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shunping Han
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ahmed-Shawky Geneidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gehanne A S Awad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Eckerdt F, Platanias LC. Emerging Role of Glioma Stem Cells in Mechanisms of Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3458. [PMID: 37444568 PMCID: PMC10340782 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery at the beginning of this millennium, glioma stem cells (GSCs) have sparked extensive research and an energetic scientific debate about their contribution to glioblastoma (GBM) initiation, progression, relapse, and resistance. Different molecular subtypes of GBM coexist within the same tumor, and they display differential sensitivity to chemotherapy. GSCs contribute to tumor heterogeneity and recapitulate pathway alterations described for the three GBM subtypes found in patients. GSCs show a high degree of plasticity, allowing for interconversion between different molecular GBM subtypes, with distinct proliferative potential, and different degrees of self-renewal and differentiation. This high degree of plasticity permits adaptation to the environmental changes introduced by chemo- and radiation therapy. Evidence from mouse models indicates that GSCs repopulate brain tumors after therapeutic intervention, and due to GSC plasticity, they reconstitute heterogeneity in recurrent tumors. GSCs are also inherently resilient to standard-of-care therapy, and mechanisms of resistance include enhanced DNA damage repair, MGMT promoter demethylation, autophagy, impaired induction of apoptosis, metabolic adaptation, chemoresistance, and immune evasion. The remarkable oncogenic properties of GSCs have inspired considerable interest in better understanding GSC biology and functions, as they might represent attractive targets to advance the currently limited therapeutic options for GBM patients. This has raised expectations for the development of novel targeted therapeutic approaches, including targeting GSC plasticity, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells, and oncolytic viruses. In this review, we focus on the role of GSCs as drivers of GBM and therapy resistance, and we discuss how insights into GSC biology and plasticity might advance GSC-directed curative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Eckerdt
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Medicine Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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15
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Kan LK, Drill M, Jayakrishnan PC, Sequeira RP, Galea E, Todaro M, Sanfilippo PG, Hunn M, Williams DA, O'Brien TJ, Drummond KJ, Monif M. P2X7 receptor antagonism by AZ10606120 significantly reduced in vitro tumour growth in human glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8435. [PMID: 37225786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are highly aggressive and deadly brain tumours, with a median survival time of 14-18 months post-diagnosis. Current treatment modalities are limited and only modestly increase survival time. Effective therapeutic alternatives are urgently needed. The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is activated within the glioblastoma microenvironment and evidence suggests it contributes to tumour growth. Studies have implicated P2X7R involvement in a range of neoplasms, including glioblastomas, although the roles of P2X7R in the tumour milieu remain unclear. Here, we report a trophic, tumour-promoting role of P2X7R activation in both patient-derived primary glioblastoma cultures and the U251 human glioblastoma cell line, and demonstrate its inhibition reduces tumour growth in vitro. Primary glioblastoma and U251 cell cultures were treated with the specific P2X7R antagonist, AZ10606120 (AZ), for 72 h. The effects of AZ treatment were also compared to cells treated with the current first-line chemotherapeutic drug, temozolomide (TMZ), and a combination of both AZ and TMZ. P2X7R antagonism by AZ significantly depleted glioblastoma cell numbers compared to untreated cells, in both primary glioblastoma and U251 cultures. Notably, AZ treatment was more effective at tumour cell killing than TMZ. No synergistic effect between AZ and TMZ was observed. AZ treatment also significantly increased lactate dehydrogenase release in primary glioblastoma cultures, suggesting AZ-induced cellular cytotoxicity. Our results reveal a trophic role of P2X7R in glioblastoma. Importantly, these data highlight the potential for P2X7R inhibition as a novel and effective alternative therapeutic approach for patients with lethal glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyen K Kan
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Drill
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Richard P Sequeira
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily Galea
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marian Todaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul G Sanfilippo
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin Hunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David A Williams
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katharine J Drummond
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Prajapati HP, Ansari A. Updates in the Management of Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2023; 84:174-187. [PMID: 35772723 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and diffusely infiltrative primary brain tumor. Recurrence is almost universal even after all primary standard treatments. This article aims to review the literature and update the standard treatment strategies for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. METHODS A systematic search was performed with the phrase "recurrent glioblastoma and management" as a search term in PubMed central, Medline, and Embase databases to identify all the articles published on the subject till December 2020. The review included peer-reviewed original articles, clinical trials, review articles, and keywords in title and abstract. RESULTS Out of 513 articles searched, 73 were included in this review after screening for eligibility. On analyzing the data, most of the studies report a median overall survival (OS) of 5.9 to 11.4 months after re-surgery and 4.7 to 7.6 months without re-surgery. Re-irradiation with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) result in a median OS of 10.2 months (range: 7.0-12 months) and 9.8 months (ranged: 7.5-11.0 months), respectively. Radiation necrosis was found in 16.6% (range: 0-24.4%) after SRS. Chemotherapeutic agents like nitrosourea (carmustine), bevacizumab, and temozolomide (TMZ) rechallenge result in a median OS in the range of 5.1 to 7.5, 6.5 to 9.2, and 5.1-13.0 months and six months progression free survival (PFS-6) in the range of 13 to 17.5%, 25 to 42.6%, and 23 to 58.3%, respectively. Use of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors results in a median OS in the range of 2.0 to 3.0 months and PFS-6 in 13%. CONCLUSION Although recurrent glioblastoma remains a fatal disease with universal mortality, the literature suggests that a subset of patients may benefit from maximal treatment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanuman Prasad Prajapati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Safai, Uttar Pradesh, India
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NEO212, a Perillyl Alcohol-Temozolomide Conjugate, Triggers Macrophage Differentiation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells and Blocks Their Tumorigenicity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246065. [PMID: 36551551 PMCID: PMC9776529 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are still dying from this disease. In the past, the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) has been investigated for AML and found to be partially effective; however, the presence of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT; a DNA repair enzyme) in tumor cells confers profound treatment resistance against TMZ. We are developing a novel anticancer compound, called NEO212, where TMZ was covalently conjugated to perillyl alcohol (a naturally occurring monoterpene). NEO212 has revealed robust therapeutic activity in a variety of preclinical cancer models, including AML. In the current study, we investigated its impact on a panel of human AML cell lines and found that it exerted cytotoxic potency even against MGMT-positive cells that were highly resistant to TMZ. Furthermore, NEO212 strongly stimulated the expression of a large number of macrophage-associated marker genes, including CD11b/ITGAM. This latter effect could not be mimicked when cells were treated with TMZ or an equimolar mix of individual agents, TMZ plus perillyl alcohol. The superior cytotoxic impact of NEO212 appeared to involve down-regulation of MGMT protein levels. In a mouse model implanted with TMZ-resistant, MGMT-positive AML cells, two 5-day cycles of 25 mg/kg NEO212 achieved an apparent cure, as mice survived >300 days without any signs of disease. In parallel toxicity studies with rats, a 5-day cycle of 200 mg/kg NEO212 was well tolerated by these animals, whereas animals that were given 200 mg/kg TMZ all died due to severe leukopenia. Together, our results show that NEO212 exerts pleiotropic effects on AML cells that include differentiation, proliferation arrest, and eventual cell death. In vivo, NEO212 was well tolerated even at dosages that far exceed the therapeutic need, indicating a large therapeutic window. These results present NEO212 as an agent that should be considered for development as a therapeutic agent for AML.
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18
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Josowitz AD, Bindra RS, Saltzman WM. Polymer nanocarriers for targeted local delivery of agents in treating brain tumors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:10.1088/1361-6528/ac9683. [PMID: 36179653 PMCID: PMC9940943 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac9683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the deadliest brain cancer, presents a multitude of challenges to the development of new therapies. The standard of care has only changed marginally in the past 17 years, and few new chemotherapies have emerged to supplant or effectively combine with temozolomide. Concurrently, new technologies and techniques are being investigated to overcome the pharmacokinetic challenges associated with brain delivery, such as the blood brain barrier (BBB), tissue penetration, diffusion, and clearance in order to allow for potent agents to successful engage in tumor killing. Alternative delivery modalities such as focused ultrasound and convection enhanced delivery allow for the local disruption of the BBB, and the latter in particular has shown promise in achieving broad distribution of agents in the brain. Furthermore, the development of polymeric nanocarriers to encapsulate a variety of cargo, including small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids, have allowed for formulations that protect and control the release of said cargo to extend its half-life. The combination of local delivery and nanocarriers presents an exciting opportunity to address the limitations of current chemotherapies for GBM toward the goal of improving safety and efficacy of treatment. However, much work remains to establish standard criteria for selection and implementation of these modalities before they can be widely implemented in the clinic. Ultimately, engineering principles and nanotechnology have opened the door to a new wave of research that may soon advance the stagnant state of GBM treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Josowitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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19
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Wu Y, Zhang K, Wang H, Chen G, Liu Y, Li W, Zhou Y. Experimental study of selective MGMT peptides mimicking TMZ drug resistance in glioma. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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20
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Xie Y, Lu X, Wang Z, Liu M, Liu L, Wang R, Yang K, Xiao H, Li J, Tang X, Liu H. A hypoxia-dissociable siRNA nanoplatform for synergistically enhanced chemo-radiotherapy of glioblastoma. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6791-6803. [PMID: 36314541 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), as the most aggressive adult brain tumor, seriously threatened people's lives with a low survival time. Standard postoperative treatment, chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy (RT), was the major therapeutic strategy for GBM. However, this therapeutic efficacy was hindered by chemoradiotherapy resistance of GBM. Herein, to sensitize temozolomide (TMZ)-based chemotherapy and RT, a hypoxia-radiosensitive nanoparticle for co-delivering TMZ and siMGMT (RDPP(Met)/TMZ/siMGMT) was synthesized in this study. Our nanoparticle could effectively release the encapsulated alkylating agent (TMZ) and small interfering O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase RNA (siMGMT) in the hypoxic GBM. DNA-damage repair was effectively inhibited by down-regulating MGMT expression and activating cell apoptosis, which obviously enhanced the sensitivity of TMZ as well as RT. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that RDPP(Met)/TMZ/siMGMT could efficiently penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), accurately target GBM cells and effectively inhibit GBM proliferation. Compared with traditional TMZ combined with RT, RDPP(Met)/TMZ/siMGMT remarkably improved the survival time of orthotopic GBM-bearing mice, which demonstrated that our nanoplatform was an efficient combinatorial GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Xueying Lu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Mingxi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Xianglong Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
- Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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21
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Torres ID, Loureiro JA, Coelho MAN, Carmo Pereira M, Ramalho MJ. Drug delivery in glioblastoma therapy: a review on nanoparticles targeting MGMT-mediated resistance. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1397-1415. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2124967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inês David Torres
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Angélica Loureiro
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel A N Coelho
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Ramalho
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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22
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Pandey N, Anastasiadis P, Carney CP, Kanvinde PP, Woodworth GF, Winkles JA, Kim AJ. Nanotherapeutic treatment of the invasive glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114415. [PMID: 35787387 PMCID: PMC10947564 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant adult brain cancer with no curative treatment strategy. A significant hurdle in GBM treatment is effective therapeutic delivery to the brain-invading tumor cells that remain following surgery within functioning brain regions. Developing therapies that can either directly target these brain-invading tumor cells or act on other cell types and molecular processes supporting tumor cell invasion and recurrence are essential steps in advancing new treatments in the clinic. This review highlights some of the drug delivery strategies and nanotherapeutic technologies that are designed to target brain-invading GBM cells or non-neoplastic, invasion-supporting cells residing within the GBM tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Pandey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Pavlos Anastasiadis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Christine P Carney
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Pranjali P Kanvinde
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clarke School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clarke School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States.
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23
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Jatyan R, Singh P, Sahel DK, Karthik YG, Mittal A, Chitkara D. Polymeric and small molecule-conjugates of temozolomide as improved therapeutic agents for glioblastoma multiforme. J Control Release 2022; 350:494-513. [PMID: 35985493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ), an imidazotetrazine, is a second-generation DNA alkylating agent used as a first-line treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). It was approved by FDA in 2005 and declared a blockbuster drug in 2008. Although TMZ has shown 100% oral bioavailability and crosses the blood-brain barrier effectively, however it suffers from limitations such as a short half-life (∼1.8 h), rapid metabolism, and lesser accumulation in the brain (∼10-20%). Additionally, development of chemoresistance has been associated with its use. Since it is a potential chemotherapeutic agent with an unmet medical need, advanced delivery strategies have been explored to overcome the associated limitations of TMZ. Nanocarriers including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructure lipid carriers (NLCs), and polymeric nanoparticles have demonstrated their ability to improve its circulation time, stability, tissue-specific accumulation, sustained release, and cellular uptake. Because of the appreciable water solubility of TMZ (∼5 mg/mL), the physical loading of TMZ in these nanocarriers is always challenging. Alternatively, the conjugation approach, wherein TMZ has been conjugated to polymers or small molecules, has been explored with improved outcomes in vitro and in vivo. This review emphasized the practical evidence of the conjugation strategy to improve the therapeutic potential of TMZ in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Jatyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, BITS-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prabhjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, BITS-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Sahel
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, BITS-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Y G Karthik
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, BITS-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, BITS-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, BITS-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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24
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Marei HE. Multimodal targeting of glioma with functionalized nanoparticles. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:265. [PMID: 35999629 PMCID: PMC9396820 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common and aggressive primitive intracranial tumor of the central nervous system is the glioma. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) has proven to be a significant obstacle to the effective treatment of glioma. To effectively treat glioma, different ways have been used to cross the BBB to deliver drugs to the brain. Drug delivery through nanocarriers proves to be an effective and non-invasive technique for the treatment of glioma and has great potential in the treatment of glioma. In this review, we will provide an overview of nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery and related glioma therapy. Nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery techniques to cross the BBB (liposomes, micelles, inorganic systems, polymeric nanoparticles, nanogel system, and biomimetic nanoparticles) are explored. Finally, the use of nanotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of glioblastoma including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, gene therapy, glioma genome editing, immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, immune checkpoint modulators, immune photothermal therapy, vaccine-based immunotherapy, and combination therapy is summarized. Furthermore, this article offers various views on the clinical applicability of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany E Marei
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35116, Egypt.
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25
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Leone A, Colamaria A, Fochi NP, Sacco M, Landriscina M, Parbonetti G, de Notaris M, Coppola G, De Santis E, Giordano G, Carbone F. Recurrent Glioblastoma Treatment: State of the Art and Future Perspectives in the Precision Medicine Era. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081927. [PMID: 36009473 PMCID: PMC9405902 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment guidelines for the management of recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) are far from definitive, and the prognosis remains dismal. Despite recent advancements in the pharmacological and surgical fields, numerous doubts persist concerning the optimal strategy that clinicians should adopt for patients who fail the first lines of treatment and present signs of progressive disease. With most recurrences being located within the margins of the previously resected lesion, a comprehensive molecular and genetic profiling of rGBM revealed substantial differences compared with newly diagnosed disease. In the present comprehensive review, we sought to examine the current treatment guidelines and the new perspectives that polarize the field of neuro-oncology, strictly focusing on progressive disease. For this purpose, updated PRISMA guidelines were followed to search for pivotal studies and clinical trials published in the last five years. A total of 125 articles discussing locoregional management, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy strategies were included in our analysis, and salient findings were critically summarized. In addition, an in-depth description of the molecular profile of rGBM and its distinctive characteristics is provided. Finally, we integrate the above-mentioned evidence with the current guidelines published by international societies, including AANS/CNS, EANO, AIOM, and NCCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Leone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nicola Pio Fochi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Sacco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Riuniti Hospital, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Unit of Medical
Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical
Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Matteo de Notaris
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Rummo” Hospital, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Giulia Coppola
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elena De Santis
- Department of Anatomical Histological Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Guido Giordano
- Unit of Medical
Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical
Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Carbone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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26
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Tiek D, Cheng SY. DNA damage and metabolic mechanisms of cancer drug resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:368-379. [PMID: 35800362 PMCID: PMC9255237 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance is one of the main barriers to overcome to ensure durable treatment responses. While many pivotal advances have been made in first combination therapies, then targeted therapies, and now broadening out to immunomodulatory drugs or metabolic targeting compounds, drug resistance is still ultimately universally fatal. In this brief review, we will discuss different strategies that have been used to fight drug resistance from synthetic lethality to tumor microenvironment modulation, focusing on the DNA damage response and tumor metabolism both within tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment. In this way, with a better understanding of both targetable mutations in combination with the metabolism, smarter drugs may be designed to combat cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Tiek
- Correspondence to: Deanna Tiek, The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Simpson Querry Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. E-mail: ; Shi-Yuan Cheng, The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Simpson Querry Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. E-mail:
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- Correspondence to: Deanna Tiek, The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Simpson Querry Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. E-mail: ; Shi-Yuan Cheng, The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Simpson Querry Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. E-mail:
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27
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Detection of Label-Free Drugs within Brain Tissue Using Orbitrap Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry as a Complement to Neuro-Oncological Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030571. [PMID: 35335947 PMCID: PMC8953756 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, pre-clinical neuro-oncological drug delivery studies have exhaustively relied upon overall animal survival as an exclusive measure of efficacy. However, with no adopted methodology to both image and quantitate brain parenchyma penetration of label-free drugs, an absence of efficacy typically hampers clinical translational potential, rather than encourage re-formulation of drug compounds using nanocarriers to achieve greater tissue penetration. OrbiSIMS, a next-generation analytical instrument for label-free imaging, combines the high resolving power of an OrbiTrapTM mass spectrometer with the relatively high spatial resolution of secondary ion mass spectrometry. Here, we develop an ex vivo pipeline using OrbiSIMS to accurately detect brain penetration of drug compounds. Secondary ion spectra were acquired for a panel of drugs (etoposide, olaparib, gemcitabine, vorinostat and dasatinib) under preclinical consideration for the treatment of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 wild-type glioblastoma. Each drug demonstrated diagnostic secondary ions (all present molecular ions [M-H]− which could be discriminated from brain analytes when spiked at >20 µg/mg tissue. Olaparib/dasatinib and olaparib/etoposide dual combinations are shown as exemplars for the capability of OrbiSIMS to discriminate distinct drug ions simultaneously. Furthermore, we demonstrate the imaging capability of OrbiSIMS to simultaneously illustrate label-free drug location and brain chemistry. Our work encourages the neuro-oncology community to consider mass spectrometry imaging modalities to complement in vivo efficacy studies, as an analytical tool to assess brain distribution of systemically administered drugs, or localised brain penetration of drugs released from micro- or nano-scale biomaterials.
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28
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Svec RL, McKee SA, Berry MR, Kelly AM, Fan TM, Hergenrother PJ. Novel Imidazotetrazine Evades Known Resistance Mechanisms and Is Effective against Temozolomide-Resistant Brain Cancer in Cell Culture. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:299-313. [PMID: 35119837 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor. Currently, frontline treatment for primary GBM includes the DNA-methylating drug temozolomide (TMZ, of the imidazotetrazine class), while the optimal treatment for recurrent GBM remains under investigation. Despite its widespread use, a majority of GBM patients do not respond to TMZ therapy; expression of the O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) enzyme and loss of mismatch repair (MMR) function as the principal clinical modes of resistance to TMZ. Here, we describe a novel imidazotetrazine designed to evade resistance by MGMT while retaining suitable hydrolytic stability, allowing for effective prodrug activation and biodistribution. This dual-substituted compound, called CPZ, exhibits activity against cancer cells irrespective of MGMT expression and MMR status. CPZ has greater blood-brain barrier penetrance and comparable hematological toxicity relative to TMZ, while also matching its maximum tolerated dose in mice when dosed once-per-day over five days. The activity of CPZ is independent of the two principal mechanisms suppressing the effectiveness of TMZ, making it a promising new candidate for the treatment of GBM, especially those that are TMZ-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley L. Svec
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sydney A. McKee
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew R. Berry
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Aya M. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Timothy M. Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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29
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Murawska GM, Vogel C, Jan M, Lu X, Schild M, Slabicki M, Zou C, Zhanybekova S, Manojkumar M, Petzold G, Kaiser P, Thomä N, Ebert B, Gillingham D. Repurposing the Damage Repair Protein Methyl Guanine Methyl Transferase as a Ligand Inducible Fusion Degron. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:24-31. [PMID: 34982531 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We successfully repurpose the DNA repair protein methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) as an inducible degron for protein fusions. MGMT is a suicide protein that removes alkyl groups from the O6 position of guanine (O6G) and is thereafter quickly degraded by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP). Starting with MGMT pseudosubstrates (benzylguanine and lomeguatrib), we first demonstrate that these lead to potent MGMT depletion while affecting little else in the proteome. We then show that fusion proteins of MGMT undergo rapid UPP-dependent degradation in response to pseudosubstrates. Mechanistic studies confirm the involvement of the UPP, while revealing that at least two E3 ligase classes can degrade MGMT depending on cell-line and expression type (native or ectopic). We also demonstrate the technique's versatility with two clinically relevant examples: degradation of KRASG12C and a chimeric antigen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gosia M. Murawska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caspar Vogel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Jan
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Schild
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mikolaj Slabicki
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Charles Zou
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Saule Zhanybekova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manisha Manojkumar
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Georg Petzold
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kaiser
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Nicolas Thomä
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Ebert
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Dennis Gillingham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Connexin 43 confers chemoresistance through activating PI3K. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:2. [PMID: 35022385 PMCID: PMC8755794 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circumventing chemoresistance is crucial for effectively treating cancer including glioblastoma, a lethal brain cancer. The gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) renders glioblastoma resistant to chemotherapy; however, targeting Cx43 is difficult because mechanisms underlying Cx43-mediated chemoresistance remain elusive. Here we report that Cx43, but not other connexins, is highly expressed in a subpopulation of glioblastoma and Cx43 mRNA levels strongly correlate with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in this population, making Cx43 the prime therapeutic target among all connexins. Depleting Cx43 or treating cells with αCT1–a Cx43 peptide inhibitor that sensitizes glioblastoma to the chemotherapy temozolomide–inactivates phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), whereas overexpression of Cx43 activates this signaling. Moreover, αCT1-induced chemo-sensitization is counteracted by a PI3K active mutant. Further research reveals that αCT1 inactivates PI3K without blocking the release of PI3K-activating molecules from membrane channels and that Cx43 selectively binds to the PI3K catalytic subunit β (PIK3CB, also called PI3Kβ or p110β), suggesting that Cx43 activates PIK3CB/p110β independent of its channel functions. To explore the therapeutic potential of simultaneously targeting Cx43 and PIK3CB/p110β, αCT1 is combined with TGX-221 or GSK2636771, two PIK3CB/p110β-selective inhibitors. These two different treatments synergistically inactivate PI3K and sensitize glioblastoma cells to temozolomide in vitro and in vivo. Our study has revealed novel mechanistic insights into Cx43/PI3K-mediated temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma and demonstrated that targeting Cx43 and PIK3CB/p110β together is an effective therapeutic approach for overcoming chemoresistance.
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Ambady P, Wu YJ, Kersch CN, Walker JM, Holland S, Muldoon LL, Neuwelt EA. Radiation enhances the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides and improves chemo-radiation efficacy in brain tumor xenografts. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:533-542. [PMID: 33850305 PMCID: PMC9113935 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) contributes to resistance to chemo-radiation therapy (CRT) in brain tumors. We previously demonstrated that non-ablative radiation improved delivery of anti-MGMT morpholino oligonucleotides (AMONs) to reduce MGMT levels in subcutaneous tumor xenografts. We evaluate this approach to enhance CRT efficacy in rat brain tumor xenograft models. The impact of radiation on targeted delivery was evaluated using fluorescent oligonucleotides (f-ON). In vitro, f-ON was localized to clathrin-coated vesicles, endosomes, and lysosomes using confocal microscopy in T98G glioma cells. In vivo, fluorescence was detected in pre-radiated, but not non-radiated Long Evans (non-tumor bearing) rat brains. Cranial radiation (2 Gy) followed by AMONs (intravenous, 10.5 mg/kg) reduced MGMT expression by 50% in both orthotopic cerebellar D283 medulloblastoma and intracerebral H460 non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) xenograft models. To evaluate the efficacy, AMONs concurrent with CRT (2 Gy radiation plus oral 20 mg/kg temozolomide ×4 days) reduced tumor volumes in the medulloblastoma model (p = 0.012), and a similar trend was found in the NSCLC brain metastasis model. We provide proof of concept for the use of non-ablative radiation to guide and enhance the delivery of morpholino oligonucleotides into brain tumor xenograft models to reduce MGMT levels and improve CRT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Ambady
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Yingjen Jeffrey Wu
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Cymon N. Kersch
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Joshua M. Walker
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA ,grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Samantha Holland
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Leslie L. Muldoon
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR USA ,grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Edward A. Neuwelt
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR USA ,grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA ,grid.410404.50000 0001 0165 2383Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Office of Research and Development, Portland, OR USA
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Morás AM, Henn JG, Steffens Reinhardt L, Lenz G, Moura DJ. Recent developments in drug delivery strategies for targeting DNA damage response in glioblastoma. Life Sci 2021; 287:120128. [PMID: 34774874 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and malignant brain tumor. The median survival for this disease is approximately 15 months, and despite all the available treatment strategies employed, it remains an incurable disease. Preclinical and clinical research have shown that the resistance process related to DNA damage repair pathways, glioma stem cells, blood-brain barrier selectivity, and dose-limiting toxicity of systemic treatment leads to poor clinical outcomes. In this context, the advent of drug delivery systems associated with localized treatment seems to be a promising and versatile alternative to overcome the failure of the current treatment approaches. In order to bypass therapeutic tumor resistance mechanisms, more effective combinatorial therapies should be identified, such as the use of cytotoxic drugs combined with the inhibition of DNA damage response (DDR)-related targets. Additionally, critical reasoning about the delivery approach and administration route in brain tumors treatment innovation is essential. The outcomes of future experimental studies regarding the association of delivery systems, alternative treatment routes, and DDR targets are expected to lead to the development of refined therapeutic interventions. Novel therapeutic approaches could improve the life's quality of glioblastoma patients and increase their survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Morás
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - J G Henn
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - L Steffens Reinhardt
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - G Lenz
- Department of Biophysics and Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - D J Moura
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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33
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Zampieri LX, Sboarina M, Cacace A, Grasso D, Thabault L, Hamelin L, Vazeille T, Dumon E, Rossignol R, Frédérick R, Sonveaux E, Lefranc F, Sonveaux P. Olaparib Is a Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitor That Kills Temozolomide-Resistant Human Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111938. [PMID: 34769368 PMCID: PMC8584761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma represents the highest grade of brain tumors. Despite maximal resection surgery associated with radiotherapy and concomitant followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), patients have a very poor prognosis due to the rapid recurrence and the acquisition of resistance to TMZ. Here, initially considering that TMZ is a prodrug whose activation is pH-dependent, we explored the contribution of glioblastoma cell metabolism to TMZ resistance. Using isogenic TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant human glioblastoma cells, we report that the expression of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), which is known to repair TMZ-induced DNA methylation, does not primarily account for TMZ resistance. Rather, fitter mitochondria in TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cells are a direct cause of chemoresistance that can be targeted by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and/or autophagy/mitophagy. Unexpectedly, we found that PARP inhibitor olaparib, but not talazoparib, is also a mitochondrial Complex I inhibitor. Hence, we propose that the anticancer activities of olaparib in glioblastoma and other cancer types combine DNA repair inhibition and impairment of cancer cell respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca X. Zampieri
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.X.Z.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (L.T.); (L.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Martina Sboarina
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.X.Z.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (L.T.); (L.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Andrea Cacace
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.X.Z.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (L.T.); (L.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Debora Grasso
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.X.Z.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (L.T.); (L.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Léopold Thabault
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.X.Z.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (L.T.); (L.H.); (T.V.)
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (R.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Loïc Hamelin
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.X.Z.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (L.T.); (L.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Thibaut Vazeille
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.X.Z.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (L.T.); (L.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Elodie Dumon
- INSERM U1211, Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Metabolism and Genetics (MRGM), Ecole des Sages Femmes, Bordeaux University, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (E.D.); (R.R.)
| | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- INSERM U1211, Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Metabolism and Genetics (MRGM), Ecole des Sages Femmes, Bordeaux University, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (E.D.); (R.R.)
| | - Raphaël Frédérick
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (R.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Etienne Sonveaux
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (R.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.X.Z.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (L.T.); (L.H.); (T.V.)
- Correspondence:
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34
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A natural protein based platform for the delivery of Temozolomide acid to glioma cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 169:297-308. [PMID: 34678408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most difficult to treat cancers with poor prognosis and survival of around one year from diagnosis. Effective treatments are desperately needed. This work aims to prepare temozolomide acid (TMZA) loaded albumin nanoparticles, for the first time, to target glioblastoma (GL261) and brain cancer stem cells (BL6). TMZA was loaded into human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSA NPs) using the desolvation method. A response surface 3-level factorial design was used to study the effect of different formulation parameters on the drug loading and particle size of NPs. The optimum conditions were found to be: 4 mg TMZA with 0.05% sodium cholate. This yielded NPs with particle size and drug loading of 111.7 nm and 5.5% respectively. The selected formula was found to have good shelf life and serum stability but with a relatively fast drug release pattern. The optimized NPs showed excellent cellular uptake with ∼ 50 and 100% of cells were positive for NP uptake after 24 h incubation with both GL261 and BL6 glioblastoma cell lines, respectively. The selected formula showed high cytotoxicity with ̴ 20% cell viability at 1 mM TMZA after 72 h incubation time. Finally, the fluorescently labelled NPs showed co-localization with the bioluminescent syngeneic BL6 intra-cranial tumour mouse model after intravenous administration.
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35
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Liu Q, Wang X, Li J, Wang J, Sun G, Zhang N, Ren T, Zhao L, Zhong R. Development and biological evaluation of AzoBGNU: A novel hypoxia-activated DNA crosslinking prodrug with AGT-inhibitory activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112338. [PMID: 34678728 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroethylnitrosoureas (CENUs) are an important family of chemotherapies in clinical treatment of cancers, which exert antitumor activity by inducing the formation of DNA interstrand crosslinks (dG-dC ICLs). However, the drug resistance mediated by O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) and absence of tumor-targeting ability largely decrease the antitumor efficacy of CENUs. In this study, we synthesized an azobenzene-based hypoxia-activated combi-nitrosourea prodrug, AzoBGNU, and evaluated its hypoxic selectivity and antitumor activity. The prodrug was composed of a CENU pharmacophore and an O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG) analog moiety masked by a N,N-dimethyl-4-(phenyldiazenyl)aniline segment as a hypoxia-activated trigger, which was designed to be selectively reduced via azo bond break in hypoxic tumor microenvironment, accompanied with releasing of an O6-BG analog to inhibit AGT and a chloroethylating agent to induce dG-dC ICLs. AzoBGNU exhibited significantly increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing ability toward DU145 cells under hypoxia compared with normoxia, indicating the hypoxia-responsiveness as expected. Predominant higher cytotoxicity was observed in the cells treated by AzoBGNU than those by traditional CENU chemotherapy ACNU and its combination with O6-BG. The levels of dG-dC ICLs in DU145 cells induced by AzoBGNU was remarkably enhanced under hypoxia, which was approximately 6-fold higher than those in the AzoBGNU-treated groups under normoxia and those in the ACNU-treated groups. The results demonstrated that azobenzene-based combi-nitrosourea prodrug possessed desirable tumor-hypoxia targeting ability and eliminated chemoresistance compared with the conventional CENUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment & Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment & Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment & Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment & Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Guohui Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment & Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment & Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ting Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment & Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Lijiao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment & Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Rugang Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment & Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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36
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DNA Damage Response in Glioblastoma: Mechanism for Treatment Resistance and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 27:379-385. [PMID: 34570452 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Glioblastoma (GBM) is an intrinsically treatment-resistant tumor and has been shown to upregulate DNA damage response (DDR) components after treatment. DNA damage response signaling mediates treatment resistance by promoting cell cycle arrest in order to allow for DNA damage repair and avoid mitotic catastrophe. Therefore, targeting the DDR pathway is an attractive strategy to combat treatment resistance in GBM. In this review, we discuss the different DDR pathways and then summarize the current preclinical evidence for DDR inhibitors in GBM, as well as completed and ongoing clinical trials.
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Tseng YY, Chen TY, Liu SJ. Role of Polymeric Local Drug Delivery in Multimodal Treatment of Malignant Glioma: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4597-4614. [PMID: 34267515 PMCID: PMC8275179 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s309937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas (MGs) are the most common and devastating primary brain tumor. At present, surgical interventions, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are only marginally effective in prolonging the life expectancy of patients with MGs. Inherent heterogeneity, aggressive invasion and infiltration, intact physical barriers, and the numerous mechanisms underlying chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance contribute to the poor prognosis for patients with MGs. Various studies have investigated methods to overcome these obstacles in MG treatment. In this review, we address difficulties in MG treatment and focus on promising polymeric local drug delivery systems. In contrast to most local delivery systems, which are directly implanted into the residual cavity after intratumoral injection or the surgical removal of a tumor, some rapidly developing and promising nanotechnological methods—including surface-decorated nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, and focused ultrasound assist transport—are administered through (systemic) intravascular injection. We also discuss further synergistic and multimodal strategies for heightening therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we outline the challenges and therapeutic potential of these polymeric drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yun Tseng
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal Tu-Cheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkuo, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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38
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Kirstein A, Schilling D, Combs SE, Schmid TE. Lomeguatrib Increases the Radiosensitivity of MGMT Unmethylated Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136781. [PMID: 34202589 PMCID: PMC8268804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Treatment resistance of glioblastoma multiforme to chemo- and radiotherapy remains a challenge yet to overcome. In particular, the O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter unmethylated patients have only little benefit from chemotherapy treatment using temozolomide since MGMT counteracts its therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, new treatment options in radiotherapy need to be developed to inhibit MGMT and increase radiotherapy response. Methods: Lomeguatrib, a highly specific MGMT inhibitor, was used to inactivate MGMT protein in vitro. Radiosensitivity of established human glioblastoma multiforme cell lines in combination with lomeguatrib was investigated using the clonogenic survival assay. Inhibition of MGMT was analyzed using Western Blot. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were investigated to determine the effects of lomeguatrib alone as well as in combination with ionizing radiation. Results: Lomeguatrib significantly decreased MGMT protein and reduced radiation-induced G2/M arrest. A radiosensitizing effect of lomeguatrib was observed when administered at 1 µM and increased radioresistance at 20 µM. Conclusion: Low concentrations of lomeguatrib elicit radiosensitization, while high concentrations mediate a radioprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kirstein
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.K.); (D.S.); (S.E.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Schilling
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.K.); (D.S.); (S.E.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E. Combs
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.K.); (D.S.); (S.E.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas E. Schmid
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.K.); (D.S.); (S.E.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-3187-43040
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses current and investigative strategies for targeting DNA repair in the management of glioma. RECENT FINDINGS Recent strategies in glioma treatment rely on the production of overwhelming DNA damage and inhibition of repair mechanisms, resulting in lethal cytotoxicity. Many strategies are effective in preclinical glioma models while clinical feasibility remains under investigation. The presence of glioma biomarkers, including IDH mutation and/or MGMT promoter methylation, may confer particular susceptibility to DNA damage and inhibition of repair. These biomarkers have been adopted as eligibility criteria in the design of multiple ongoing clinical trials. Targeting DNA repair mechanisms with novel agents or therapeutic combinations is a promising approach to the treatment of glioma. Further investigations are underway to optimize this approach in the clinical setting.
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40
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Zheng X, Tang Q, Ren L, Liu J, Li W, Fu W, Wang J, Du G. A narrative review of research progress on drug therapies for glioblastoma multiforme. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:943. [PMID: 34350258 PMCID: PMC8263870 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-8017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive, common, and lethal subtype of malignant gliomas originating from the central nervous system. Currently, the standard therapy for GBM is surgical resection combined with radiation and temozolomide (TMZ). However, the treatment only improves the 2-year survival rate from 10% to 26%, accompanied by more than 90% recurrence of GBM tumors at the original site. Low survival rate, serious side effects, and poor prognosis force people to find new therapies. Recent years, the combination of clinical drugs improves the survival rate of GBM patients, but new therapeutic drugs with high-efficiency and low-toxicity are still needed to be discovered. The successful use of immunotherapy in tumor brings hope for people to explore new methods in treating GBM. While the inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), loss of lymphatic tissue drainage, and antigen-presenting cells in the central nervous system are major reasons for the failure of immunotherapy in the treatment of GBM. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) is a subtype of tumorigenic stem cells which has more specific tumorigenic potential indicating targeting GSCs may be expected to improve therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discuss clinical drugs that have benefited patients with GBM, cancer immunotherapy for GBM, summarize new drug targets of GBM, and review strategies for increasing the passage of drugs through the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjin Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liwen Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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41
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From Laboratory Studies to Clinical Trials: Temozolomide Use in IDH-Mutant Gliomas. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051225. [PMID: 34067729 PMCID: PMC8157002 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the use of the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) in the treatment of IDH-mutant gliomas. We describe the challenges associated with TMZ in clinical (drug resistance and tumor recurrence) and preclinical settings (variabilities associated with in vitro models) in treating IDH-mutant glioma. Lastly, we summarize the emerging therapeutic targets that can potentially be used in combination with TMZ.
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42
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Zhao Z, Shen J, Zhang L, Wang L, Xu H, Han Y, Jia J, Lu Y, Yu R, Liu H. Injectable postoperative enzyme-responsive hydrogels for reversing temozolomide resistance and reducing local recurrence after glioma operation. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:5306-5316. [PMID: 32573615 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00338g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor. The eradication of the gliomas by performing neurosurgery has not been successful due to the diffuse nature of malignant gliomas. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line agent in treating gliomas after surgery, and its therapeutic efficacy is limited mainly due to the high activity levels of the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in glioma cells. Herein, we used an injectable matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzyme responsive hydrogel that loaded TMZ and O6-benzylamine (BG) (MGMT inhibitor) for eradicating residual TMZ-resistant gliomas after surgery. The hydrogels exhibited three features: (1) TMZ and BG could be encapsulated within the hydrophobic lamellae of the hydrogel to form Tm (TMZ + BG) hydrogels; (2) The hydrogels could release TMZ and BG in response to the high concentration of MMP enzymes after glioma surgery; (3) The hydrogels could increase local TMZ concentration and reduce side effects of BG. In vivo, the Tm (TMZ + BG) hydrogels inhibited the MGMT expression and sensitized TMZ-resistant glioma cells to TMZ. Moreover, the Tm (TMZ + BG) hydrogels effectively reduced the recurrence of TMZ-resistant glioma after surgery and significantly enhanced the efficiency of TMZ to inhibit glioma growth. Together, these data suggest that an MMP-responsive hydrogel is a promising localized drug delivery method to inhibit TMZ-resistant glioma recurrence after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongren Zhao
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, P. R. China.
| | - Jiawei Shen
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, P. R. China. and Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, P. R. China.
| | - Lansheng Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, P. R. China.
| | - Haoyue Xu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhan Han
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Jia
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, P. R. China.
| | - Rutong Yu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, P. R. China. and Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, P. R. China. and Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, P. R. China
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43
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Jiménez-Alcázar M, Curiel-García Á, Nogales P, Perales-Patón J, Schuhmacher AJ, Galán-Ganga M, Zhu L, Lowe SW, Al-Shahrour F, Squatrito M. Dianhydrogalactitol Overcomes Multiple Temozolomide Resistance Mechanisms in Glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1029-1038. [PMID: 33846235 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary tumor type in the central nervous system in adults. Resistance to chemotherapy remains one of the major obstacles in GBM treatment. Identifying and overcoming the mechanisms of therapy resistance is instrumental to develop novel therapeutic approaches for patients with GBM. To determine the major drivers of temozolomide (TMZ) sensitivity, we performed shRNA screenings in GBM lines with different O6-methylguanine-DNA methyl-transferase (MGMT) status. We then evaluated dianhydrogalactitol (Val-083), a small alkylating molecule that induces interstrand DNA crosslinking, as a potential treatment to bypass TMZ-resistance mechanisms. We found that loss of mismatch repair (MMR) components and MGMT expression are mutually exclusive mechanisms driving TMZ resistance in vitro Treatment of established GBM cells and tumorsphere lines with Val-083 induces DNA damage and cell-cycle arrest in G2-M phase, independently of MGMT or MMR status, thus circumventing conventional resistance mechanisms to TMZ. Combination of TMZ and Val-083 shows a synergic cytotoxic effect in tumor cells in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo We propose this combinatorial treatment as a potential approach for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Jiménez-Alcázar
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation-Brain Tumors Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Curiel-García
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation-Brain Tumors Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Nogales
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation-Brain Tumors Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Perales-Patón
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto J Schuhmacher
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation-Brain Tumors Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Galán-Ganga
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation-Brain Tumors Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Zhu
- Brain Metastasis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Fátima Al-Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Squatrito
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation-Brain Tumors Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
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44
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Farag N, Mattossovich R, Merlo R, Nierzwicki Ł, Palermo G, Porchetta A, Perugino G, Ricci F. Folding-upon-Repair DNA Nanoswitches for Monitoring the Activity of DNA Repair Enzymes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7283-7289. [PMID: 33415794 PMCID: PMC8783695 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a new class of DNA-based nanoswitches that, upon enzymatic repair, could undergo a conformational change mechanism leading to a change in fluorescent signal. Such folding-upon-repair DNA nanoswitches are synthetic DNA sequences containing O6 -methyl-guanine (O6 -MeG) nucleobases and labelled with a fluorophore/quencher optical pair. The nanoswitches are rationally designed so that only upon enzymatic demethylation of the O6 -MeG nucleobases they can form stable intramolecular Hoogsteen interactions and fold into an optically active triplex DNA structure. We have first characterized the folding mechanism induced by the enzymatic repair activity through fluorescent experiments and Molecular Dynamics simulations. We then demonstrated that the folding-upon-repair DNA nanoswitches are suitable and specific substrates for different methyltransferase enzymes including the human homologue (hMGMT) and they allow the screening of novel potential methyltransferase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Farag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mattossovich
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Merlo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Łukasz Nierzwicki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 52512, USA
| | - Giulia Palermo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 52512, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 52512, USA
| | - Alessandro Porchetta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perugino
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
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45
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Goenka A, Tiek D, Song X, Huang T, Hu B, Cheng SY. The Many Facets of Therapy Resistance and Tumor Recurrence in Glioblastoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030484. [PMID: 33668200 PMCID: PMC7995978 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal type of primary brain cancer. Standard care using chemo- and radio-therapy modestly increases the overall survival of patients; however, recurrence is inevitable, due to treatment resistance and lack of response to targeted therapies. GBM therapy resistance has been attributed to several extrinsic and intrinsic factors which affect the dynamics of tumor evolution and physiology thus creating clinical challenges. Tumor-intrinsic factors such as tumor heterogeneity, hypermutation, altered metabolomics and oncologically activated alternative splicing pathways change the tumor landscape to facilitate therapy failure and tumor progression. Moreover, tumor-extrinsic factors such as hypoxia and an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) are the chief causes of immunotherapy failure in GBM. Amid the success of immunotherapy in other cancers, GBM has occurred as a model of resistance, thus focusing current efforts on not only alleviating the immunotolerance but also evading the escape mechanisms of tumor cells to therapy, caused by inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Here we review the various mechanisms of therapy resistance in GBM, caused by the continuously evolving tumor dynamics as well as the complex TME, which cumulatively contribute to GBM malignancy and therapy failure; in an attempt to understand and identify effective therapies for recurrent GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-312-503-3043; Fax: +1-312-503-5603
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46
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McCutcheon IE, Preul MC. Historical Perspective on Surgery and Survival with Glioblastoma: How Far Have We Come? World Neurosurg 2021; 149:148-168. [PMID: 33610867 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme remains a therapeutic challenge. We offer a historical review of the outcomes of patients with glioblastoma from the earliest report of surgery for this lesion through the introduction of modern chemotherapeutics and aggressive approaches to tumor resection. METHODS We reviewed all major surgical series of patients with glioblastoma from the introduction of craniotomy for glioma (1884) to 2020. RESULTS The earliest reported craniotomy for glioblastoma resulted in the patient's death less than a month after surgery. Improved intracranial pressure management resulted in improved outcomes, reducing early postoperative mortality from 50% to 6% in Harvey Cushing's series. In the first major surgical series (1912), the mean survival was 10.1 months. This figure did not improve until the introduction of radiotherapy in the 1950s, which doubled survival relative to those who had surgery alone. The most recent significant advance, chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide, extended survival by 2.5 months compared with surgery and radiotherapy alone (14.6 and 12.1 months, respectively). This protocol remains the standard regimen for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. The innovative treatments being investigated have yet to show a survival benefit. CONCLUSIONS With advancements in localization, imaging, anesthesia, surgical technique, control of cerebral edema, and adjuvant therapies, outcomes in glioblastoma improved incrementally from Cushing's time until the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging enabled better degrees of resection in the 1990s. Modest improvements came with the advent of biomarker-driven targeted chemotherapy in the first decade of the current century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian E McCutcheon
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark C Preul
- The Loyal and Edith Davis Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
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47
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Farag N, Mattossovich R, Merlo R, Nierzwicki Ł, Palermo G, Porchetta A, Perugino G, Ricci F. Folding‐upon‐Repair DNA Nanoswitches for Monitoring the Activity of DNA Repair Enzymes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Farag
- Department of Chemistry University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Rosanna Mattossovich
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources National Research Council of Italy Via Pietro Castellino 111 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Rosa Merlo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources National Research Council of Italy Via Pietro Castellino 111 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Łukasz Nierzwicki
- Department of Bioengineering University of California Riverside 900 University Avenue Riverside CA 52512 USA
| | - Giulia Palermo
- Department of Bioengineering University of California Riverside 900 University Avenue Riverside CA 52512 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside 900 University Avenue Riverside CA 52512 USA
| | - Alessandro Porchetta
- Department of Chemistry University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perugino
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources National Research Council of Italy Via Pietro Castellino 111 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Department of Chemistry University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
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48
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Xu H, Zhu Q, Tang L, Jiang J, Yuan H, Zhang A, Lou M. Prognostic and predictive value of FCER1G in glioma outcomes and response to immunotherapy. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:103. [PMID: 33579299 PMCID: PMC7881595 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioma is the most prevalent malignant form of brain tumors, with a dismal prognosis. Currently, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a revolutionary treatment for patients with advanced highly aggressive therapy-resistant tumors. However, there is no effective biomarker to reflect the response to immunotherapy in glioma patient so far. So we aim to assess the clinical predictive value of FCER1G in patients with glioma. METHODS The expression level and correlation between clinical prognosis and FER1G levels were analyzed with the data from CGGA, TCGA, and GEO database. Univariate and multivariate cox regression model was built to predict the prognosis of glioma patients with multiple factors. Then the correlation between FCER1G with immune cell infiltration and activation was analyzed. At last, we predict the immunotherapeutic response in both high and low FCER1G expression subgroups. RESULTS FCER1G was significantly higher in glioma with greater malignancy and predicted poor prognosis. In multivariate analysis, the hazard ratio of FCER1G expression (Low versus High) was 0.66 and 95 % CI is 0.54 to 0.79 (P < 0.001), whereas age (HR = 1.26, 95 % CI 1.04-1.52), grade (HR = 2.75, 95 % CI 2.06-3.68), tumor recurrence (HR = 2.17, 95 % CI 1.81-2.62), IDH mutant (HR = 2.46, 95 % CI 1.97-3.01) and chemotherapeutic status (HR = 1.4, 95 % CI 1.20-1.80) are also included. Furthermore, we illustrated that gene FCER1G stratified glioma cases into high and low FCER1G expression subgroups that demonstrated with distinct clinical outcomes and T cell activation. At last, we demonstrated that high FCER1G levels presented great immunotherapeutic response in glioma patients. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated FCER1G as a novel predictor for clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and response to immunotherapy in glioma patient. Assess expression of FCER1G is a promising method to discover patients that may benefit from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houshi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310029, China
| | - Qingwei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lan Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | | | | | - Anke Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310029, China.
| | - Meiqing Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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49
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Wiwatchaitawee K, Quarterman JC, Geary SM, Salem AK. Enhancement of Therapies for Glioblastoma (GBM) Using Nanoparticle-based Delivery Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:71. [PMID: 33575970 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of malignant brain tumor. Current FDA-approved treatments include surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy, while hyperthermia, immunotherapy, and most relevantly, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated delivery systems or combinations thereof have shown promise in preclinical studies. Drug-carrying NPs are a promising approach to brain delivery as a result of their potential to facilitate the crossing of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via two main types of transcytosis mechanisms: adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT) and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT). Their ability to accumulate in the brain can thus provide local sustained release of tumoricidal drugs at or near the site of GBM tumors. NP-based drug delivery has the potential to significantly reduce drug-related toxicity, increase specificity, and consequently improve the lifespan and quality of life of patients with GBM. Due to significant advances in the understanding of the molecular etiology and pathology of GBM, the efficacy of drugs loaded into vectors targeting this disease has increased in both preclinical and clinical settings. Multitargeting NPs, such as those incorporating multiple specific targeting ligands, are an innovative technology that can lead to decreased off-target effects while simultaneously having increased accumulation and action specifically at the tumor site. Targeting ligands can include antibodies, or fragments thereof, and peptides or small molecules, which can result in a more controlled drug delivery system compared to conventional drug treatments. This review focuses on GBM treatment strategies, summarizing current options and providing a detailed account of preclinical findings with prospective NP-based approaches aimed at improving tumor targeting and enhancing therapeutic outcomes for GBM patients.
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50
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Wang K, Kievit FM, Chiarelli PA, Stephen ZR, Lin G, Silber JR, Ellenbogen RG, Zhang M. siRNA nanoparticle suppresses drug-resistant gene and prolongs survival in an orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft mouse model. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2007166. [PMID: 33708035 PMCID: PMC7942690 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202007166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard of care chemotherapy drug for treating glioblastomas (GBMs), the most aggressive cancer that affects people of all ages. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited by the drug resistance mediated by a DNA repair protein, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), which eliminates the TMZ-induced DNA lesions. Here we report the development of an iron oxide nanoparticle (NP) system for targeted delivery of siRNAs to suppress the TMZ-resistance gene (MGMT). We show that our NP is able to overcome biological barriers, bind specifically to tumor cells, and reduce MGMT expression in tumors of mice bearing orthotopic GBM serially-passaged patient-derived xenografts. The treatment with sequential administration of this NP and TMZ resulted in increased apoptosis of GBM stem-like cells, reduced tumor growth, and significantly-prolonged survival as compared to mice treated with TMZ alone. This study introduces an approach that holds great promise to improve the outcomes of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Forrest M Kievit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Peter A Chiarelli
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Zachary R Stephen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Guanyou Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - John R Silber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Richard G Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
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