1
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Nagesh PKB, Johnson NR, Boya VKN, Chowdhury P, Othman SF, Khalilzad-Sharghi V, Hafeez BB, Ganju A, Khan S, Behrman SW, Zafar N, Chauhan SC, Jaggi M, Yallapu MM. PSMA targeted docetaxel-loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for prostate cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 144:8-20. [PMID: 27058278 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Docetaxel (Dtxl) is currently the most common therapeutic option for prostate cancer (PC). However, adverse side effects and problems associated with chemo-resistance limit its therapeutic outcome in clinical settings. A targeted nanoparticle system to improve its delivery to and activity at the tumor site could be an attractive strategy for PC therapy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and determine the anti-cancer efficacy of a novel docetaxel loaded, prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) (J591-SPION-Dtxl) formulation for PC therapy. Our results showed the SPION-Dtxl formulation exhibits an optimal particle size and zeta potential, which can efficiently be internalized in PC cells. SPION-Dtxl exhibited potent anti-cancer efficacy via induction of the expression of apoptosis associated proteins, downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins, and inhibition of chemo-resistance associated protein in PC cell lines. J591-SPION-Dtxl exhibited a profound uptake in C4-2 (PSMA(+)) cells compared to PC-3 (PSMA(-)) cells. A similar targeting potential was observed in ex-vivo studies in C4-2 tumors but not in PC-3 tumors, suggesting its tumor specific targeting. Overall, this study suggests that a PSMA antibody functionalized SPION-Dtxl formulation can be highly useful for targeted PC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth K B Nagesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nia R Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vijaya K N Boya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pallabita Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shadi F Othman
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Vahid Khalilzad-Sharghi
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Bilal B Hafeez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Aditya Ganju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sheema Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen W Behrman
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nadeem Zafar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee at Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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2
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Klein D, Schmitz T, Verhelst V, Panic A, Schenck M, Reis H, Drab M, Sak A, Herskind C, Maier P, Jendrossek V. Endothelial Caveolin-1 regulates the radiation response of epithelial prostate tumors. Oncogenesis 2015; 4:e148. [PMID: 25985209 PMCID: PMC4450264 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane protein caveolin-1 (Cav1) recently emerged as a novel oncogene involved in prostate cancer progression with opposed regulation in epithelial tumor cells and the tumor stroma. Here we examined the role of stromal Cav1 for growth and radiation response of MPR31-4 prostate cancer xenograft tumors using Cav1-deficient C57Bl/6 mice. Syngeneic MPR31-4 tumors grew faster when implanted into Cav1-deficient mice. Increased tumor growth on Cav1-deficient mice was linked to decreased integration of smooth muscle cells into the wall of newly formed blood vessels and thus with a less stabilized vessel phenotype compared with tumors from Cav1 wild-type animals. However, tumor growth delay of MPR31-4 tumors grown on Cav1 knockout mice to a single high-dose irradiation with 20 Gray was more pronounced compared with tumors grown on wild-type mice. Increased radiation-induced tumor growth delay in Cav1-deficient mice was associated with an increased endothelial cell apoptosis. In vitro studies using cultured endothelial cells (ECs) confirmed that the loss of Cav1 expression increases sensitivity of ECs to radiation-induced apoptosis and reduces their clonogenic survival after irradiation. Immunohistochemical analysis of human tissue specimen further revealed that although Cav1 expression is mostly reduced in the tumor stroma of advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, the vascular compartment still expresses high levels of Cav1. In conclusion, the radiation response of MPR31-4 prostate tumors is critically regulated by Cav1 expression in the tumor vasculature. Thus, Cav1 might be a promising therapeutic target for combinatorial therapies to counteract radiation resistance of prostate cancer at the level of the tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Klein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - T Schmitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - V Verhelst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - A Panic
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany [2] Department of Urology and Urooncology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Schenck
- Department of Urology and Urooncology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - H Reis
- Institute of Pathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - M Drab
- 1] Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland [2] Wroclaw Research Center EIT+, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A Sak
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - C Herskind
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - P Maier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - V Jendrossek
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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3
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Wissing MD, van Diest PJ, van der Wall E, Gelderblom H. Antimitotic agents for the treatment of patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:635-61. [PMID: 23586879 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.789858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is the second deadliest cancer in men. The group of taxanes, which target microtubules of mitotic cells, is currently the only chemotherapy which has proven to increase overall survival in mCRPC patients. Other mitotic inhibitors are being explored for their clinical potential in mCRPC treatment. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize recent developments in the application of mitotic inhibitors for mCRPC from a clinical perspective. The four main groups of mitotic inhibitors currently being tested in clinical trials are microtubule-inhibitors, polo-like kinase 1 inhibitors, aurora kinase inhibitors and kinesin-spindle protein inhibitors. Compounds of these groups of inhibitors that are in clinical development for mCRPC are discussed. For this extensive overview, relevant literature was searched in PubMed and retrieved from clinicaltrials.gov and presentations at ASCO/AACR meetings. EXPERT OPINION In general, mitotic inhibitors are clinically well tolerated but exert limited antitumor activity compared to preclinical study results. However, efficacy of mitotic inhibitors is improving, either by personalizing treatment, by introducing more active compounds, by decreasing resistance of cancer cells against mitotic inhibitors or by using mitotic inhibitors in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel D Wissing
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2 K1-62, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Yang DR, Ding XF, Luo J, Shan YX, Wang R, Lin SJ, Li G, Huang CK, Zhu J, Chen Y, Lee SO, Chang C. Increased chemosensitivity via targeting testicular nuclear receptor 4 (TR4)-Oct4-interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) axis in prostate cancer CD133+ stem/progenitor cells to battle prostate cancer. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16476-16483. [PMID: 23609451 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.448142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) stem/progenitor cells are known to have higher chemoresistance than non-stem/progenitor cells, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. We found the expression of testicular nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) is significantly higher in PCa CD133(+) stem/progenitor cells compared with CD133(-) non-stem/progenitor cells. Knockdown of TR4 levels in the established PCa stem/progenitor cells and the CD133(+) population of the C4-2 PCa cell line with lentiviral TR4 siRNA led to increased drug sensitivity to the two commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs, docetaxel and etoposide, judging from significantly reduced IC50 values and increased apoptosis in the TR4 knockdown cells. Mechanism dissection studies found that suppression of TR4 in these stem/progenitor cells led to down-regulation of Oct4 expression, which, in turn, down-regulated the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) expression. Neutralization experiments via adding these molecules into the TR4 knockdown PCa stem/progenitor cells reversed the chemoresistance, suggesting that the TR4-Oct4-IL1Ra axis may play a critical role in the development of chemoresistance in the PCa stem/progenitor cells. Together, these studies suggest that targeting TR4 may alter chemoresistance of PCa stem/progenitor cells, and this finding provides the possibility of targeting TR4 as a new and better approach to overcome the chemoresistance problem in PCa therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Rong Yang
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642; Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China
| | - Xian-Fan Ding
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642; Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016 China
| | - Jie Luo
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Yu-Xi Shan
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China
| | - Ronghao Wang
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Shin-Jen Lin
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Gonghui Li
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016 China
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Jin Zhu
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642; Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China
| | - Yuhchyau Chen
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004 China.
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology and the Wilmot Cancer Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642; Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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5
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Loriot Y, Zoubeidi A, Gleave ME. Targeted therapies in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: beyond the androgen receptor. Urol Clin North Am 2012; 39:517-31. [PMID: 23084528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer and one of the top causes of male cancer-related death in Western countries. Most patients with prostate cancer respond to initial androgen deprivation therapy but eventually progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Although androgen receptor signaling remains the main driver in CRPC, a growing body of evidence suggests that other pathways are involved in this progression. This article reviews the preclinical data and current status of clinical trials therapeutically targeting tubulin, DNA repair, molecular chaperones such as CLU and Hsp27, tyrosine kinases, and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Loriot
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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6
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Abstract
Of the agents available in the treatment of both solid and hematologic cancers, microtubule-targeted agents are among the most widely used and exploiting other mechanisms involving the microtubule and its role in mitosis is an area of continued interest. This review will focus on novel microtubule-targeted agents, both recently approved (eg, ixabepilone and eribulin) and in later-stage clinical trials, and kinase inhibitors that aim to directly inhibit the mitotic spindle, such as the aurora kinase, pololike kinase, and kinsein-spindle protein inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M Campos
- Program in Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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7
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de Bono JS, Molife LR, Sonpavde G, Maroto JP, Calvo E, Cartwright TH, Loesch DM, Feit K, Das A, Zang EA, Wanders J, Agoulnik S, Petrylak DP. Phase II study of eribulin mesylate (E7389) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer stratified by prior taxane therapy. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:1241-1249. [PMID: 21903605 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options remain limited for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We evaluated eribulin mesylate (E7389), a nontaxane halichondrin B analog microtubule inhibitor, in patients with metastatic CRPC with or without previous taxane exposure. PATIENTS AND METHODS Men with histologically proven CRPC, with or without prior taxane exposure, were enrolled in an open-label, single-arm phase II trial. Patients received eribulin mesylate 1.4 mg/m(2) as a 2- to 5-min i.v. bolus infusion on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. The primary efficacy end point was prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate. RESULTS In total, 108 patients were assessable for safety (50 were taxane-pretreated) and 105 for efficacy in the per-protocol population. The median age of patients was 71 years and median number of cycles was 4. PSA decreases of ≥ 50% were achieved in 22.4% and 8.5% of taxane-naive and taxane-pretreated patients, respectively. The most common grade 3/4 adverse event was neutropenia, seen in 22.4% of chemo-naive and 40% of taxane-pretreated men. Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy occurred in none of the taxane-naive patients and 6.0% of taxane-pretreated patients. CONCLUSION Eribulin mesylate demonstrated activity and a relatively favorable toxicity profile in metastatic CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S de Bono
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK.
| | - L R Molife
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital/Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - G Sonpavde
- Texas Oncology, Houston; US Oncology, Houston, USA
| | - J P Maroto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Creu I Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona
| | - E Calvo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - K Feit
- Eisai Inc., Woodcliff Lake
| | - A Das
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | | | - D P Petrylak
- Department of Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
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8
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Bellmunt J, Oh WK. Castration-resistant prostate cancer: new science and therapeutic prospects. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2011; 2:189-207. [PMID: 21789134 DOI: 10.1177/1758834009359769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing number of new therapies targeting different pathways that will revolutionize patient management strategies in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. Today there are more clinical trial options for CRPC treatment than ever before, and there are many promising agents in late-stage clinical testing. The hypothesis that CRPC frequently remains driven by a ligand-activated androgen receptor (AR) and that CRPC tissues exhibit substantial residual androgen levels despite gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy, has led to the evaluation of new oral compounds such as abiraterone and MDV 3100. Their results, coupled with promising recent findings in immunotherapy (eg sipuleucel-T) and with agents targeting angiogenesis (while awaiting the final results of the CALGB trial 90401) will most probably impact the management of patients with CRPC in the near future. Other new promising agents need further development. With our increased understanding of the biology of this disease, further trial design should incorporate improved patient selection so that patient populations are those who may be most likely to benefit from treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Bellmunt
- University Hospital del Mar-IMIM Barcelona, Paseo Maritimo 25-29 Barcelona 08003, Spain
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9
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Agarwal N, Sonpavde G, Sartor O. Cabazitaxel for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Future Oncol 2011; 7:15-24. [PMID: 21174534 DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with docetaxel-based chemotherapy results in improved survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, all patients eventually develop progressive disease associated with poor outcomes. In this article, we discuss the available second-line therapeutic options following docetaxel, with a special focus on cabazitaxel, which is the first agent to yield extended survival as second-line therapy following docetaxel. Cabazitaxel, a novel semi-synthetic taxane, is effective even in docetaxel-resistant model systems. Recently, results of the Phase III TROPIC trial demonstrated improved survival with cabazitaxel plus prednisone compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone in patients with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, following prior docetaxel, which led to approval by the US FDA.
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10
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Oral/metronomic cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy as option for patients with castration-refractory prostate cancer – Review of the literature. Cancer Treat Rev 2011; 37:444-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Dorff TB, Gross ME. The epothilones: new therapeutic agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncologist 2011; 16:1349-58. [PMID: 21964003 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) presents a clinical challenge because of limitations in efficacy and durability with currently available therapeutics. The epothilones represent a novel class of anticancer therapy that stabilizes microtubules, causing cell death and tumor regression in preclinical models. The structure of the tubulin-binding site for epothilones is distinct from that of the taxanes. Moreover, preclinical studies suggest nonoverlapping mechanisms of resistance between epothilones and taxanes. In early-phase studies in patients with CRPC, treatment with ixabepilone, a semisynthetic analog of epothilone B, induced objective responses and prostate-specific antigen declines in men previously progressing on docetaxel-based regimens. Clinical activity has been observed in nonrandomized trials for patients with CRPC using ixabepilone in the first- and second-line settings as a single agent and in combination with estramustine. Patupilone and sagopilone were also shown to have promising efficacy in phase II clinical trials of patients with CRPC. All three epothilones appear to be well tolerated, with modest rates of neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy. The lack of crossresistance between epothilones and taxanes may allow sequencing of these agents. Evaluating epothilones in phase III comparative trials would provide much-needed insight into their potential place in the management of patients with CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya B Dorff
- Division of Cancer Medicine and Blood Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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12
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Mahon KL, Henshall SM, Sutherland RL, Horvath LG. Pathways of chemotherapy resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2011; 18:R103-23. [PMID: 21565970 DOI: 10.1530/erc-10-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains the major treatment option for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and limited cytotoxic options are available. Inherent chemotherapy resistance occurs in half of all patients and inevitably develops even in those who initially respond. Docetaxel has been the mainstay of therapy for 6 years, providing a small survival benefit at the cost of significant toxicity. Cabazitaxel is a promising second-line agent; however, it is no less toxic, whereas mitoxantrone provides only symptomatic benefit. Multiple cellular pathways involving apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, signalling intermediaries, drug efflux pumps and tubulin are implicated in the development of chemoresistance. A thorough understanding of these pathways is needed to identify biomarkers that predict chemotherapy resistance with the aim to avoid unwarranted toxicities in patients who will not benefit from treatment. Until recently, the search for predictive biomarkers has been disappointing; however, the recent discovery of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 as a marker of chemoresistance may herald a new era of biomarker discovery in CRPC. Understanding the interface between this complex array of chemoresistance pathways rather than their study in isolation will be required to effectively predict response and target the late stages of advanced disease. The pre-clinical evidence for these resistance pathways and their progress through clinical trials as therapeutic targets is reviewed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Mahon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sydney Cancer Centre, Missenden Road, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia.
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13
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Saad F, Hotte S, North S, Eigl B, Chi K, Czaykowski P, Wood L, Pollak M, Berry S, Lattouf JB, Mukherjee SD, Gleave M, Winquist E. Randomized phase II trial of Custirsen (OGX-011) in combination with docetaxel or mitoxantrone as second-line therapy in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer progressing after first-line docetaxel: CUOG trial P-06c. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:5765-73. [PMID: 21788353 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clusterin (CLU) is an antiapoptotic, stress-induced protein conferring treatment resistance when overexpressed. This study tested custirsen, a CLU inhibitor, in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) progressing during or within 6 months of initial docetaxel therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Men were randomized to receive either docetaxel + prednisone + custirsen (DPC) or mitoxantrone + prednisone + custirsen (MPC). RESULTS Forty-two patients received study treatment. Toxicity was similar in both arms. Twenty patients treated with DPC received a median of 8 cycles; overall survival (OS) was 15.8 months. Median time to pain progression (TTPP) was 10.0 months; 10 of 13 (77%) evaluable patients had pain responses. Three of 13 (23%) evaluable patients had objective partial responses. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) declines of 90% or more, 50% or more, and 30% or more occurred in 4 (20%), 8 (40%), and 11 (55%) patients, respectively. Twenty-two patients treated with MPC received a median of 6 cycles; OS was 11.5 months. The median TTPP was 5.2 months; 6 of 13 (46%) evaluable patients had pain responses. No objective responses were observed. PSA declines of 50% or more and 30% or more occurred in 6 (27%) and 7 (32%) patients, respectively. Low serum CLU levels during treatment showed superior survival for patients based on modeling with proportional hazard regression with a time-dependent covariate and different landmarks. CONCLUSIONS Custirsen plus either docetaxel or mitoxantrone was feasible in patients with progressive mCRPC following first-line docetaxel therapy. Pain relief was higher than expected, with interesting correlations between serum CLU and survival. A phase III trial evaluating the pain palliation benefit of custirsen with taxane therapy is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Saad
- CRCUM-Université de Montréal, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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14
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Kelly WK. Epothilones in prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2011; 29:358-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Harrington JA, Jones RJ. Management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after first-line docetaxel. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:2133-42. [PMID: 21658937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although chemotherapy, based on docetaxel, is now established in the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), until recently, there has been no treatment licensed for use in the second line in men whose disease progresses during or after docetaxel therapy. This article reviews the classes of agents that have shown potential in this setting, notably chemotherapy drugs, hormonal therapies, immunotherapies, anti-angiogenic drugs, and clusterin-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Harrington
- Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, England, UK
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Ullén
- Department of Oncology-Pathology Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Radiumhemmet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Harzstark AL, Rosenberg JE, Weinberg VK, Sharib J, Ryan CJ, Smith DC, Pagliaro LC, Beer TM, Liu G, Small EJ. Ixabepilone, mitoxantrone, and prednisone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after docetaxel-based therapy. Cancer 2010; 117:2419-25. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Di Lorenzo G, Buonerba C, Autorino R, De Placido S, Sternberg CN. Castration-resistant prostate cancer: current and emerging treatment strategies. Drugs 2010; 70:983-1000. [PMID: 20481655 DOI: 10.2165/10898600-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Until very recently, docetaxel was the only approved agent in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and other effective therapeutic options are urgently needed. In recent years, several new agents with promising activity and a favourable toxicity profile have been developed and clinically investigated in the fields of hormonal, cytotoxic, targeted and immune therapy. In particular, recent results from two large phase III trials of sipuleucel-T and cabazitaxel show that these two agents significantly prolong overall survival in CRPC. Indeed, sipuleucel-T has recently been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of CRPC. Many other pharmaceuticals, which are presented in this review, have been investigated recently or are being investigated in phase III trials and might prove to be effective in the future. Reviewed articles are discussed in light of the innovations in study design brought by the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group (PCWG2), which updated the Prostate-Specific Antigen Working Group (PCWG1) guidelines, in order to allow better identification of potentially active drugs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
- Cattedra di Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Molecolare e Clinica, Università degli Studi Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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19
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Dorff TB, Goldman B, Pinski JK, Mack PC, Lara PN, Van Veldhuizen PJ, Quinn DI, Vogelzang NJ, Thompson IM, Hussain MHA. Clinical and correlative results of SWOG S0354: a phase II trial of CNTO328 (siltuximab), a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6, in chemotherapy-pretreated patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:3028-34. [PMID: 20484019 PMCID: PMC2898710 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-3122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin-6 (IL-6) facilitates cancer cell survival via pleotrophic effects. We conducted a multicenter phase II study of CNTO328 (siltuximab) as second-line therapy for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Eligible men had castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with one prior chemotherapy. Subjects were treated with 6 mg/kg CNTO328 i.v. every 2 weeks for 12 cycles. Response was assessed after every three cycles. Primary end point was prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate defined as a 50% reduction. Accrual was planned in two stages, with 20 eligible patients in the first stage and 40 overall. Plasma cytokines and growth factors were measured by Luminex. RESULTS Fifty-three eligible subjects had all received prior taxane therapy. Two (3.8%; 95% CI, 0.5-13.0%) had PSA response. None of the 31 patients with measurable disease had a RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) response but 7 (23%) had stable disease. With median follow-up of 14.8 months, median progression-free survival was 1.6 months (95% CI, 1.6-1.7) and median overall survival was 11.6 months (95% CI, 7.5-19.0). Grade 3/4 toxicities included disseminated intravascular coagulation (1), central nervous system ischemia (1), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (1), gastritis/esophagitis (2), thrombocytopenia (2), pain (2), leukopenia (1), and neuropathy (2). Median baseline IL-6 levels were 12.5 pg/mL (interquartile range, 2.5-41.5). Patients with IL-6 >12.5 pg/mL had worse survival than those with levels <12.5 pg/mL (53% versus 94%; P = 0.02). After treatment, IL-6 levels were >250-fold higher. Thirty-two of 38 patients had a decline in C-reactive protein plasma levels at 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS CNTO328 resulted in a PSA response rate of 3.8% and a RECIST stable disease rate of 23%. Declining C-reactive protein levels during treatment may reflect biological activity. Despite evidence of CNTO-mediated IL-6 inhibition, elevated baseline IL-6 levels portended a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya B Dorff
- University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
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Walter B, Rogenhofer S, Vogelhuber M, Berand A, Wieland WF, Andreesen R, Reichle A. Modular therapy approach in metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer. World J Urol 2010; 28:745-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-010-0567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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21
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Schrijvers D, Van Erps P, Cortvriend J. Castration-refractory prostate cancer: New drugs in the pipeline. Adv Ther 2010; 27:285-96. [PMID: 20532721 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-010-0038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The standard treatment for patients with castration-refractory prostate cancer (CRPC) is the combination docetaxel-prednisone, if the patient can support chemotherapy. Several new treatments have been tested in chemotherapy-naïve or docetaxel-pretreated patients with CRPC. Some of these treatments have shown activity in first-line and second-line treatment. In this review, an update is given of new treatment studies performed in patients with CRPC.
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22
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Harzstark AL, Small EJ. Castrate-resistant prostate cancer: therapeutic strategies. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010; 11:937-45. [DOI: 10.1517/14656561003677382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Reuter CWM, Morgan MA, Ivanyi P, Fenner M, Ganser A, Grünwald V. Carboplatin plus weekly docetaxel as salvage chemotherapy in docetaxel-resistant and castration-resistant prostate cancer. World J Urol 2010; 28:391-8. [PMID: 20229232 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-010-0527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no proven, effective, standard second-line chemotherapy for castration- and docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer (DRPC). Recent data suggest that carboplatin may be effective in combination with docetaxel in this setting; however, the optimal docetaxel/carboplatin-based regimen is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY We identified 43 consecutive patients with DRPC treated with carboplatin (AUC5 d1) and docetaxel (35 mg/m(2) d1, 8, 15 q4w i.v.) as a second-line or subsequent salvage chemotherapy until discontinuation of therapy due to disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. RESULTS Decreased prostate-specific antigen (> or =50% PSA) was observed in 22/43 (51.2%, 95% CI, 35.5, 66.7%) patients, with > or =90% reduction in 12/43 patients (27.9%). At the time of analysis, the median follow-up time for all patients was 10.4 months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) for all patients was 6.5 months (95% CI 4.1, 8.9), and median overall survival (OS) was 15.8 months (95% CI 12.1, 18.5). In PSA responders, PFS was 9.5 (95% CI 8.2, 19.0) months versus 3.3 (95% CI 2.6, 4.0) months in PSA non-responders (P < 0.0001; hazard ratio (HR) 0.108) and OS was 24.4 months (95% CI 19.5, 29.4) versus 7.8 (95% CI 5.2, 10.3) months (P = 0.001; HR 0.232). Established prognostic factors were associated with survival. This regimen was reasonably well tolerated, with leukopenia/neutropenia as the most common reversible grade 3/4 toxicity (41.9/39.5%). CONCLUSION These data suggest that weekly docetaxel plus carboplatin may be an important therapeutic second-line treatment option for patients with DRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph W M Reuter
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Fizazi K, Sternberg CN, Fitzpatrick JM, Watson RW, Tabesh M. Role of targeted therapy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. BJU Int 2010; 105:748-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.09236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Busà R, Geremia R, Sette C. Genotoxic stress causes the accumulation of the splicing regulator Sam68 in nuclear foci of transcriptionally active chromatin. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:3005-18. [PMID: 20110258 PMCID: PMC2875014 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-damaging agents cause a multifaceted cellular stress response. Cells set in motion either repair mechanisms or programmed cell death pathways, depending on the extent of the damage and on their ability to withstand it. The RNA-binding protein (RBP) Sam68, which is up-regulated in prostate carcinoma, promotes prostate cancer cell survival to genotoxic stress. Herein, we have investigated the function of Sam68 in this cellular response. Mitoxantrone (MTX), a topoisomerase II inhibitor, induced relocalization of Sam68 from the nucleoplasm to nuclear granules, together with several other RBPs involved in alternative splicing, such as TIA-1, hnRNP A1 and the SR proteins SC35 and ASF/SF2. Sam68 accumulation in nuclear stress granules was independent of signal transduction pathways activated by DNA damage. Using BrU labelling and immunofluorescence, we demonstrate that MTX-induced nuclear stress granules are transcriptionally active foci where Sam68 and the phosphorylated form of RNA polymerase II accumulate. Finally, we show that MTX-induced relocalization of Sam68 correlates with changes in alternative splicing of its mRNA target CD44, and that MTX-induced CD44 splicing depends on Sam68 expression. These results strongly suggest that Sam68 is part of a RNA-mediated stress response of the cell that modulates alternative splicing in response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Busà
- Department of Public Health and Cell Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Sonpavde G, Sternberg CN. The role of docetaxel based therapy for prostate cancer in the era of targeted medicine. Int J Urol 2010; 17:228-40. [PMID: 20088874 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2010.02449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel based chemotherapy has been shown to modestly extend life, relieve pain and improve the quality of life in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Current trials are attempting to build on the backbone of docetaxel by combining it with novel biological agents. Trials are also investigating the role of docetaxel for earlier stages of prostate cancer. No standard second-line systemic therapy exists and such patients are candidates for clinical trials. The increased understanding of the mechanisms of progressive castration-resistant prostate cancer is being translated into an increasing pipeline of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guru Sonpavde
- Texas Oncology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Hong JH. What's New in Hormone-refractory Prostate Cancer Treatment. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2010. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2010.53.2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyuk Hong
- Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea.
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Ban JO, Cho JS, Hwang IG, Noh JW, Kim WJ, Lee US, Moon DC, Jeong HS, Lee HS, Hwang BY, Jung JK, Han SB, Hong JT. Anti-Cancer Effect of the Combination of Thiacremonone and Docetaxel by Inactivation of NF-κB in Human Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2009.17.4.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Bellmunt J, Rosenberg JE, Choueiri TK. Recent Progress and Pitfalls in Testing Novel Agents in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2009; 56:606-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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