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Tran B, Dancey JE, Kamel-Reid S, McPherson JD, Bedard PL, Brown AM, Zhang T, Shaw P, Onetto N, Stein L, Hudson TJ, Neel BG, Siu LL. Cancer Genomics: Technology, Discovery, and Translation. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:647-60. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.39.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the increasing awareness that somatic mutations and other genetic aberrations drive human malignancies has led us within reach of personalized cancer medicine (PCM). The implementation of PCM is based on the following premises: genetic aberrations exist in human malignancies; a subset of these aberrations drive oncogenesis and tumor biology; these aberrations are actionable (defined as having the potential to affect management recommendations based on diagnostic, prognostic, and/or predictive implications); and there are highly specific anticancer agents available that effectively modulate these targets. This article highlights the technology underlying cancer genomics and examines the early results of genome sequencing and the challenges met in the discovery of new genetic aberrations. Finally, drawing from experiences gained in a feasibility study of somatic mutation genotyping and targeted exome sequencing led by Princess Margaret Hospital–University Health Network and the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, the processes, challenges, and issues involved in the translation of cancer genomics to the clinic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Tran
- Ben Tran, Philippe L. Bedard, and Lillian L. Siu, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; Janet E. Dancey, John D. McPherson, Andrew M.K. Brown, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Tong Zhang, and Patricia Shaw, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; John D. McPherson, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, Thomas J. Hudson, and Benjamin G. Neel, University of
| | - Janet E. Dancey
- Ben Tran, Philippe L. Bedard, and Lillian L. Siu, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; Janet E. Dancey, John D. McPherson, Andrew M.K. Brown, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Tong Zhang, and Patricia Shaw, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; John D. McPherson, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, Thomas J. Hudson, and Benjamin G. Neel, University of
| | - Suzanne Kamel-Reid
- Ben Tran, Philippe L. Bedard, and Lillian L. Siu, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; Janet E. Dancey, John D. McPherson, Andrew M.K. Brown, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Tong Zhang, and Patricia Shaw, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; John D. McPherson, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, Thomas J. Hudson, and Benjamin G. Neel, University of
| | - John D. McPherson
- Ben Tran, Philippe L. Bedard, and Lillian L. Siu, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; Janet E. Dancey, John D. McPherson, Andrew M.K. Brown, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Tong Zhang, and Patricia Shaw, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; John D. McPherson, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, Thomas J. Hudson, and Benjamin G. Neel, University of
| | - Philippe L. Bedard
- Ben Tran, Philippe L. Bedard, and Lillian L. Siu, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; Janet E. Dancey, John D. McPherson, Andrew M.K. Brown, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Tong Zhang, and Patricia Shaw, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; John D. McPherson, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, Thomas J. Hudson, and Benjamin G. Neel, University of
| | - Andrew M.K. Brown
- Ben Tran, Philippe L. Bedard, and Lillian L. Siu, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; Janet E. Dancey, John D. McPherson, Andrew M.K. Brown, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Tong Zhang, and Patricia Shaw, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; John D. McPherson, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, Thomas J. Hudson, and Benjamin G. Neel, University of
| | - Tong Zhang
- Ben Tran, Philippe L. Bedard, and Lillian L. Siu, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; Janet E. Dancey, John D. McPherson, Andrew M.K. Brown, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Tong Zhang, and Patricia Shaw, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; John D. McPherson, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, Thomas J. Hudson, and Benjamin G. Neel, University of
| | - Patricia Shaw
- Ben Tran, Philippe L. Bedard, and Lillian L. Siu, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; Janet E. Dancey, John D. McPherson, Andrew M.K. Brown, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Tong Zhang, and Patricia Shaw, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; John D. McPherson, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, Thomas J. Hudson, and Benjamin G. Neel, University of
| | - Nicole Onetto
- Ben Tran, Philippe L. Bedard, and Lillian L. Siu, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; Janet E. Dancey, John D. McPherson, Andrew M.K. Brown, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Tong Zhang, and Patricia Shaw, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; John D. McPherson, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, Thomas J. Hudson, and Benjamin G. Neel, University of
| | - Lincoln Stein
- Ben Tran, Philippe L. Bedard, and Lillian L. Siu, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; Janet E. Dancey, John D. McPherson, Andrew M.K. Brown, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Tong Zhang, and Patricia Shaw, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; John D. McPherson, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, Thomas J. Hudson, and Benjamin G. Neel, University of
| | - Thomas J. Hudson
- Ben Tran, Philippe L. Bedard, and Lillian L. Siu, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; Janet E. Dancey, John D. McPherson, Andrew M.K. Brown, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Tong Zhang, and Patricia Shaw, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; John D. McPherson, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, Thomas J. Hudson, and Benjamin G. Neel, University of
| | - Benjamin G. Neel
- Ben Tran, Philippe L. Bedard, and Lillian L. Siu, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; Janet E. Dancey, John D. McPherson, Andrew M.K. Brown, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Tong Zhang, and Patricia Shaw, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; John D. McPherson, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, Thomas J. Hudson, and Benjamin G. Neel, University of
| | - Lillian L. Siu
- Ben Tran, Philippe L. Bedard, and Lillian L. Siu, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; Janet E. Dancey, John D. McPherson, Andrew M.K. Brown, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, and Thomas J. Hudson, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Tong Zhang, and Patricia Shaw, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto; John D. McPherson, Nicole Onetto, Lincoln Stein, Thomas J. Hudson, and Benjamin G. Neel, University of
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