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Kianian R, Eleswarapu SV, Donin NM. A middle-aged man with hyperandrogenic state. Urol Case Rep 2023; 47:102354. [PMID: 36866337 PMCID: PMC9970886 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2023.102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperandrogenism secondary to testicular cancer typically arises in patients in whom Leydig cell hyperplasia or neoplasia can be identified. Additionally, benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors can also present with signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism. We report a case of a 40-year-old gentleman who experienced several months of weight gain, worsening gynecomastia, and mood changes secondary to high testosterone and estradiol levels. Workup initially was negative for testicular malignancy and positive for a benign-appearing lesion in the adrenal gland. Despite adrenalectomy, symptoms continued to persist and ultimately a testicular cancer without Leydig cell involvement was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas M. Donin
- Corresponding author. Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 Stein Plaza, 3rd floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Sanford DI, Asanad K, Nassiri N, Nabhani J. Hyperandrogenism and Hyperestrogenism Secondary to Mixed Germ-Cell Testicular Tumor. Cureus 2022; 14:e27396. [PMID: 36046282 PMCID: PMC9419541 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer with androgen and estrogen secretion is classically associated with Leydig cell tumors. Rare case reports have described this finding in germ-cell tumors along with signs of androgen and estrogen excess including gynecomastia and infertility. We report the case of a 19-year-old male with a non-seminomatous testicular germ-cell tumor found to have hyperandrogenism, hyperestrogenism, and suppression of central sex hormones. Similar findings may be underreported in the literature, and males with suspected testicular malignancy should be appropriately screened for signs of androgen and/or estrogen excess so they can be offered appropriate monitoring and counseling.
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Liu X, Fan Z, Li Y, Li Z, Zhou Z, Yu X, Wan J, Min Z, Yang L, Li D. microRNA-196a-5p inhibits testicular germ cell tumor progression via NR6A1/E-cadherin axis. Cancer Med 2020; 9:9107-9122. [PMID: 33034957 PMCID: PMC7724306 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are a diverse group of neoplasms that are derived from dysfunctional fetal germ cells and can also present in extragonadal sites. The genetic drivers underlying malignant transformation of TGCTs have not been fully elucidated so far. The aim of the present study is to clarify the functional role and regulatory mechanism of miR‐196a‐5p in TGCTs. We demonstrated that miR‐196a‐5p was downregulated in TGCTs. It can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of testicular tumor cell lines including NT‐2 and NCCIT through targeting the NR6A1 gene, which we proved its role in promotion of cell proliferation and repression of cellular junction and aggregation. Mechanistically, NR6A1 inhibited E‐cadherin through binding with DR0 sites in the CDH1 gene promoter and recruiting methyltransferases Dnmt1. Further, NR6A1 promoted neuronal marker protein MAP2 expression in RA‐induced neurodifferentiation of NT‐2 cells and testicular tumor xenografts. Clinical histopathologically, NR6A1 was positively correlated with MAP2, and negatively correlated with E‐cadherin in TGCTs. These findings revealed that the miR‐196a‐5p represses cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor neurogenesis by inhibition of NR6A1/E‐cadherin signaling axis, which may be a potential target for diagnosis and therapy of TGCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ziling Fan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ye Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Zhilan Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Xuehui Yu
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Wan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ziqian Min
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, P.R. China
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Kvach EJ, Hyer JS, Carey JC, Bowers M. Testicular Seminoma in a Transgender Woman: A Case Report. LGBT Health 2019; 6:40-42. [DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2018.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Kvach
- Department of Family Medicine, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer S. Hyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John C. Carey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Marci Bowers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado
- Mills-Peninsula Hospital, Burlingame, California
- Center for Transgender Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Yang WP, Chien HY, Lin YC. β-human chorionic gonadotropin-secreting intracranial germ-cell tumor associated with high testosterone in an adult man: A case report. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1129-1132. [PMID: 28693284 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A 38-year-old male patient presented with general weakness, polydipsia and a body weight loss of 10 kg in two years. Hypopituitarism with central hypothyroidism and central adrenal insufficiency were noted at Taipei City Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan). However, hypogonadotropic hypergonadism was also observed. The patient was diagnosed with an intracranial β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) secreting germ-cell tumor, and brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the tumor involved the pineal gland, stalk, posterior pituitary gland, right basal ganglion, hypothalamus, corpus callosum and posterior hippocampus. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β-hCG level was 1936 IU/l, while the α-fetoprotein (AFP) level was <0.24 ng/ml. The serum AFP level of the patient was 3.28 ng/ml, and the β-hCG level was 178 IU/l with a CSF:serum β-hCG ratio >2:1. The patient was successfully treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as demonstrated by a marked decrease in size of the tumor and in the serum β-hCG levels. Intracranial β-hCG secreting germ-cell tumors are rare in adults and manifest differently compared with patients of early pubertal age. In contrast with the precocious puberty frequently observed in young patients, the diagnosis of adult patients is often delayed and the symptoms are associated with tumor size and location. The present case report described an adult male with an intracranial β-hCG secreting GCT, demonstrating hypopituitarism and asymptomatic hyperandrogenemia, and reviews and discusses the literature relevant to the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Yang
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Yu Chien
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Sansone A, Romanelli F, Sansone M, Lenzi A, Di Luigi L. Gynecomastia and hormones. Endocrine 2017; 55:37-44. [PMID: 27145756 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gynecomastia-the enlargement of male breast tissue in men-is a common finding, frequently observed in newborns, adolescents, and old men. Physiological gynecomastia, occurring in almost 25 % of cases, is benign and self-limited; on the other hand, several conditions and drugs may induce proliferation of male breast tissue. True gynecomastia is a common feature often related to estrogen excess and/or androgen deficiency as a consequence of different endocrine disorders. Biochemical evaluation should be performed once physiological or iatrogenic gynecomastia has been ruled out. Non-endocrine illnesses, including liver failure and chronic kidney disease, are another cause of gynecomastia which should be considered. Treating the underlying disease or discontinuing medications might resolve gynecomastia, although the psychosocial burden of this condition might require different and careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sansone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Romanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Sansone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Largo Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
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Leydig cell tumor found incidentally during microscopic testicular sperm extraction in patient with mosaic Klinefelter syndrome: case report. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:1344-1347. [PMID: 27523297 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the finding and management of a case of Leydig cell tumor discovered during the infertility evaluation of a patient with mosaic Klinefelter syndrome. DESIGN Single case report. SETTING Academic hospital. PATIENT(S) Patient seeking assistance with fertility after a diagnosis of mosaic Klinefelter syndrome. INTERVENTION(S) The patient underwent microscopic testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) for sperm identification after the diagnosis of mosaic Klinefelter syndrome. Abnormal testicular tissue was identified during mTESE and histologically confirmed to be a Leydig cell tumor. The patient was informed of this incidental discovery and later underwent orchiectomy for conservative oncologic control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Histologic testicular assessment. RESULT(S) Patient was found to have no viable sperm on mTESE, but achieved oncologic control with bilateral orchiectomy. CONCLUSION(S) The presented case emphasizes the importance of awareness and expedient appropriate management to achieve oncologic control of a rare tumor with low malignant potential discovered during otherwise routine mTESE. In particular, it highlights the role of the infertility specialist in aiding in diagnosis and treatment of incidental and rare findings.
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Wolf-Gould CS, Wolf-Gould CH. A Transgender Woman with Testicular Cancer: A New Twist on an Old Problem. LGBT Health 2016; 3:90-95. [DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2015.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Reddy K, Chatterjee K, Sandhu S, Kuhadiya ND, Dandona P. Metastatic Embryonal Cell Carcinoma with High Testosterone and Absence of Secondary Sexual Characteristics. AACE Clin Case Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.4158/ep151069.cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Sprauten M, Brydøy M, Haugnes HS, Cvancarova M, Bjøro T, Bjerner J, Fosså SD, Oldenburg J. Longitudinal Serum Testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone, and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Levels in a Population-Based Sample of Long-Term Testicular Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:571-8. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.51.2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess longitudinal long-term alterations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in testicular cancer survivors (TCSs). Patients and Methods In all, 307 TCSs treated from 1980 to 1994 provided blood samples after orchiectomy but before further treatment, at Survey I (SI; 1998-2002), and Survey II (SII; 2007-2008). Levels of sex hormones were categorized according to quartiles and reference range (2.5 and 97.5 percentiles) of 599 controls for each decadal age group. TCSs were categorized according to treatment: surgery, radiotherapy (RT), or chemotherapy (CT). The risk of higher (LH) or lower (testosterone) levels was assessed with χ2 test (FSH) or ordinal logistic regression analysis and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Results Risk of lower testosterone and higher LH and FSH levels was significantly increased for TCSs at all time points after RT or CT. At SII, ORs were 3.3 (95% CI, 2.3 to 4.7) for lower testosterone categories and 5.2 (95% CI, 3.5 to 7.9) for RT and CT. ORs for increased LH and FSH were 4.4 (95% CI, 3.1 to 6.5) and 18.9 (95% CI, 11.0 to 32.6) for RT, respectively, and 3.6 (95% CI, 2.4 to 5.3) and 14.2 (95% CI, 8.3 to 24.4) for CT, respectively. The cumulative platinum dose was significantly associated with risk of higher LH levels at both surveys and higher FSH at SI. In total, half the TCSs had at least one of three sex hormone levels outside the reference range at SII. Conclusion Long-term TCSs are at risk of premature hormonal aging. Our findings may pertain to cancer survivors in general, underlining the importance of extended follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Sprauten
- Mette Sprauten, Milada Cvancarova, Sophie D. Fosså, and Jan Oldenburg, Oslo University Hospital; Trine Bjøro, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo; Johan Bjerner, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo; Marianne Brydøy, University of Bergen, Bergen; and Hege S. Haugnes, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marianne Brydøy
- Mette Sprauten, Milada Cvancarova, Sophie D. Fosså, and Jan Oldenburg, Oslo University Hospital; Trine Bjøro, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo; Johan Bjerner, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo; Marianne Brydøy, University of Bergen, Bergen; and Hege S. Haugnes, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hege S. Haugnes
- Mette Sprauten, Milada Cvancarova, Sophie D. Fosså, and Jan Oldenburg, Oslo University Hospital; Trine Bjøro, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo; Johan Bjerner, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo; Marianne Brydøy, University of Bergen, Bergen; and Hege S. Haugnes, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Milada Cvancarova
- Mette Sprauten, Milada Cvancarova, Sophie D. Fosså, and Jan Oldenburg, Oslo University Hospital; Trine Bjøro, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo; Johan Bjerner, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo; Marianne Brydøy, University of Bergen, Bergen; and Hege S. Haugnes, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trine Bjøro
- Mette Sprauten, Milada Cvancarova, Sophie D. Fosså, and Jan Oldenburg, Oslo University Hospital; Trine Bjøro, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo; Johan Bjerner, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo; Marianne Brydøy, University of Bergen, Bergen; and Hege S. Haugnes, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Johan Bjerner
- Mette Sprauten, Milada Cvancarova, Sophie D. Fosså, and Jan Oldenburg, Oslo University Hospital; Trine Bjøro, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo; Johan Bjerner, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo; Marianne Brydøy, University of Bergen, Bergen; and Hege S. Haugnes, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sophie D. Fosså
- Mette Sprauten, Milada Cvancarova, Sophie D. Fosså, and Jan Oldenburg, Oslo University Hospital; Trine Bjøro, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo; Johan Bjerner, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo; Marianne Brydøy, University of Bergen, Bergen; and Hege S. Haugnes, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan Oldenburg
- Mette Sprauten, Milada Cvancarova, Sophie D. Fosså, and Jan Oldenburg, Oslo University Hospital; Trine Bjøro, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo; Johan Bjerner, Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo; Marianne Brydøy, University of Bergen, Bergen; and Hege S. Haugnes, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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