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Russo GI, Bier S, Hennenlotter J, Beger G, Pavlenco L, van de Flierdt J, Hauch S, Maas M, Walz S, Rausch S, Bedke J, Morgia G, Stenzl A, Todenhöfer T. Expression of tumour progression-associated genes in circulating tumour cells of patients at different stages of prostate cancer. BJU Int 2018. [PMID: 29542849 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the presence of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) at different stages of prostate cancer using the AdnaTest® ProstateCancerDetect kit (Qiagen). Moreover, we aimed to assess the expression of transcripts that are specific for cancer stem cells (AdnaTest StemCell) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CTCs (AdnaTest EMT), as well as additional genes that are known to promote prostate cancer progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective study, we included 81 patients who underwent treatment for prostate cancer between 07/2014 and 02/2015, including: Group A, 18 patients (22.2%) with low-risk clinically localised prostate cancer; Group B, 25 patients (30.9%) with high-risk clinically localised prostate cancer; Group C, 11 patients (13.6%) with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC); and Group D, 27 patients (33.3%) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). AdnaTest ProstateCancer and AdnaTest StemCell/EMT were performed in all cases. In addition, expression of the androgen receptor (AR), c-met, c-kit and thymidylate synthase (TYMS) in CTCs was assessed using specific polymerase chain reaction assays. RESULTS A positive AdnaTest ProstateCancer was present in three (16.7%), two (8.0%), six (54.5%) and 19 (70.5%) patients in groups A, B, C and D, respectively (P < 0.01, chi-squared test). The AdnaTest EMT and AdnaTest StemCell were positive in zero (0.0%), zero (0.0%), one (9.1%), and two (7.4%); and in five (27.8%), four (16.0%), three (27.3%), and 11 (40.7%) patients in groups A, B, C and D, respectively, with no significant differences noted between groups. CTCs expressing TYMS (44.4% and 50.0% vs 13.9%) or AR (18.2% and 25.9% vs 0.0%) were seen more commonly in patients in groups C and D vs patients with non-metastatic disease (all P < 0.05). Expression of c-kit and c-met were rare events, with only two patients positive for either marker. CONCLUSIONS AdnaTest ProstateCancerDetect exhibits positive results mainly in patients with metastatic disease. Expression of AR and TYMS are frequent events in CTCs of patients with advanced disease, whereas c-met and c-kit gene expression is seen in only a small proportion of patients. The implications of these results for the use of CTC analysis as a decision factor for personalised treatment strategies in advanced prostate cancer remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio I Russo
- Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany.,Urology Section, Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simone Bier
- Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Gunthild Beger
- Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Moritz Maas
- Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Walz
- Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Rausch
- Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Morgia
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
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