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Wick W, Roth P, Hartmann C, Hau P, Nakamura M, Stockhammer F, Sabel MC, Wick A, Koeppen S, Ketter R, Vajkoczy P, Eyupoglu I, Kalff R, Pietsch T, Happold C, Galldiks N, Schmidt-Graf F, Bamberg M, Reifenberger G, Platten M, von Deimling A, Meisner C, Wiestler B, Weller M. Long-term analysis of the NOA-04 randomized phase III trial of sequential radiochemotherapy of anaplastic glioma with PCV or temozolomide. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:1529-1537. [PMID: 27370396 PMCID: PMC5063521 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal treatment and precise classification for anaplastic glioma are needed. METHODS The objective for long-term follow-up of NOA-04 is to optimize the treatment sequence for patients with anaplastic gliomas. Patients were randomized 2:1:1 to receive the standard radiotherapy (RT) (arm A), procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine (PCV) (arm B1), or temozolomide (TMZ) (arm B2). RESULTS Primary endpoint was time-to-treatment-failure (TTF), defined as progression after 2 lines of therapy or any time before if no further therapy was administered. Exploratory analyses examined associations of molecular marker status with TTF, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). At 9.5 (95% CI: 8.6-10.2) years, no difference between arms (A vs B1/B2) was observed: median TTF (4.6 [3.4-5.1] y vs 4.4 [3.3-5.3) y), PFS (2.5 [1.3-3.5] y vs 2.7 [1.9-3.2] y), and OS (8 [5.5-10.3] y vs 6.5 [5.4-8.3] y). Oligodendroglial versus astrocytic histology-but more so the subgroups according to CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) and 1p/19q co-deletion status-revealed a strong prognostic value of CIMPpos with (CIMPcodel) versus without 1p/19 co-deletion (CIMPnon-codel) versus CIMPneg. but no differential efficacy of RT versus chemotherapy for any of the endpoints. PFS was better for PCV- than for TMZ-treated patients with CIMPcodel tumors (HR B1 vs B2 0.39 [0.17-0.92], P = .031). In CIMPneg. tumors, hypermethylation of the O6-methyl-guanyl-DNA methyltransferase promoter (MGMT) provided a risk reduction for PFS with chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS There is no differential activity of primary chemotherapy versus RT in any subgroup of anaplastic glioma. Molecular diagnosis is superior to histology. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00717210.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Patrick Roth
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Makoto Nakamura
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Florian Stockhammer
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Michael C Sabel
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Antje Wick
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Susanne Koeppen
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Ralf Ketter
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Ilker Eyupoglu
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Rolf Kalff
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Caroline Happold
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Norbert Galldiks
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Friederike Schmidt-Graf
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Michael Bamberg
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Michael Platten
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Christoph Meisner
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Benedikt Wiestler
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., A.W., M.P., B.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU Neurooncology), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (W.W., B.W.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (P.R., C.H., M.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.H.); Department of Neurology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany (P.H.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (M.N.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Charité, Berlin, Germany (F.S., P.V.); Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C.S.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Essen Medical Center, Essen, Germany (S.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (F.S.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (I.E.); Department of Neurosurgery Clinic, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (R.K.); Department of Neurology Clinic, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany (N.G.); Department of Neurology Clinic, TU Munich, Munich, Germany (F.S.-G.); Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.v.D.); CCU Neuropathology, (C.H., A.v.D.); CCU Brain Tumor Immunology, DKFZ, all Heidelberg, Germany (M.P.); Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.); DKTK partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (G.R.), Department of General Neurology, Tübingen, Germany (W.W., A.W., F.S.-G., M.P., M.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology, Tübingen, Germany (M.B.), Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M.)
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