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Oyortey MA, Adanu KK, Ali MA. The effect of unusual presentation on delayed diagnosis of prostate cancer: a case series. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:256. [PMID: 38773554 PMCID: PMC11110205 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of prostate cancer is key to achieving a cure and its proper management leads to a good prognosis. In Ghana a large percentage of patients present with advanced disease and unusual presentations in these patients result in greater delay in the diagnosis thus worsening the outcomes. CASE PRESENTATION We present three African males with advanced prostate cancer who had delayed diagnosis. The first patient, a 64 year old male presented with ascites of 2 years duration with weight loss and no lower urinary tract symptoms, the second, a 69 year old man with end stage renal failure of 6 months duration and was receiving dialysis, the third case, an 87 year old man was managed for pulmonary tuberculosis after he presented with chronic cough and lower urinary tract symptoms. All patients eventually had a prostate specific antigen done which were elevated. Further investigations including prostate biopsies, abdominopelvic CT scans for case 1, abdominopelvic ultrasound, prostate biopsies and blood urea and electrolytes for case 2, prostate biopsies, chest and lumbosacral showed a diagnosis of metastatic prostate carcinoma, and all patients were managed with androgen deprivation. The second patient received additional radiotherapy. CONCLUSION A lack of knowledge of prostate cancer symptoms including unusual symptoms, can result in delayed diagnosis especially in regions of the world where a large number of patients present with advanced disease.
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Appiah EO, Oti-Boadi E, Amertil NP, Afotey R, Lavoe H, Garti I, Menlah A, Sekyi EKN. Journeying together: spousal experiences with prostate cancer in Ghana. Ecancermedicalscience 2024; 18:1692. [PMID: 38774571 PMCID: PMC11108047 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2024.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant global health concern for men. In Sub-Saharan Africa, PCa rates witnessed a 69% increase from 1990 to 2010. Despite this, there is a dearth of literature examining the experiences of spouses of men with PCa in Africa, as the majority of studies concentrate primarily on men. Methods The study used a qualitative exploratory design, conducting in-depth face-to-face interviews with a semi-structured guide. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, with 35 recruited. Data was recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using content analysis, resulting in 2 themes and 11 subthemes. Results The research revealed that spouses providing care for husbands with PCa faced notable effects on their physical and emotional well-being. Notably, they reported experiencing leg pains due to prolonged sitting by their partners, as well as disruptions in sleep and a loss of appetite triggered by the hospital smell. Conclusion Women encounter challenges in caring for their partners with PCa. Understanding these experiences will contribute to improving public support and assistance. Future studies should concentrate on developing interventions to help them cope with these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans Osei Appiah
- Nursing Department, Purdue University, 425 South River Road, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6730-4725
| | - Ezekiel Oti-Boadi
- Department of Nursing, Heritage Christian College, PO Box AN16798, Amasaman, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ninon P Amertil
- Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Valley View University, Oyibi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Isabella Garti
- University of Charles Darwin, Brinkin, Northern Territory Australia
| | - Awube Menlah
- Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Valley View University, Oyibi, Ghana
- https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0683-1572
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Degu A, Mekonnen AN, Njogu PM. A Systematic Review of the Treatment Outcomes among Prostate Cancer Patients in Africa. Cancer Invest 2022; 40:722-732. [PMID: 35712853 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2091777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with a significant public health burden in Africa. This systematic review aimed to assess treatment outcomes among PCa patients in Africa. A systematic search of the literature was conducted from 1 December 2021 to 31 March 2022 to identify relevant published studies. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases were used. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, and the mean age was 68 years. Localized and locally advanced diseases had relatively higher overall survival than metastatic diseases. In metastatic disease, the mean overall five-year survival was 42% which is shorter than the Asian population (61.9%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amsalu Degu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Peter Mbugua Njogu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Seraphin TP, Joko-Fru WY, Manraj SS, Chokunonga E, Somdyala NIM, Korir A, N'Da G, Finesse A, Wabinga H, Assefa M, Gnangnon F, Hansen R, Buziba NG, Liu B, Kantelhardt EJ, Parkin DM. Prostate cancer survival in sub-Saharan Africa by age, stage at diagnosis, and human development index: a population-based registry study. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:1001-1019. [PMID: 34244896 PMCID: PMC8310516 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate observed and relative survival of prostate cancer patients in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and to examine the influence of age, stage at diagnosis and the Human Development Index (HDI). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this comparative registry study, we selected a random sample of 1752 incident cases of malign prostatic neoplasm from 12 population-based cancer registries from 10 SSA countries, registered between 2005 and 2015. We analyzed the data using Kaplan-Meier and Ederer II methods to obtain outcome estimates and flexible Poisson regression modeling to calculate the excess hazards of death RESULTS: For the 1406 patients included in the survival analyses, 763 deaths occurred during 3614 person-years of observation. Of patients with known stage, 45.2% had stage IV disease, 31.2% stage III and only 23.6% stage I and II. The 1 and 5-year relative survival for the entire cohort was 78.0% (75.4-80.7) and 60.0% (55.7-64.6), while varying between the registries. Late presentation was associated with increased excess hazards and a 0.1 increase in the HDI was associated with a 20% lower excess hazard of death, while for age at diagnosis no association was found. CONCLUSIONS We found poor survival of SSA prostatic tumor patients, as well as high proportions of late stage presentation, which are associated with inferior outcome. This calls for investment in health-care systems and action regarding projects to raise awareness among the population to achieve earlier diagnosis and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias P Seraphin
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstrasse 8, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Walburga Y Joko-Fru
- African Cancer Registry Network, INCTR African Registry Programme, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Anne Korir
- National Cancer Registry, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Guy N'Da
- Registre Des Cancers d'Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Anne Finesse
- Seychelles National Cancer Registry, Victoria, Seychelles
| | - Henry Wabinga
- Kampala Cancer Registry, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mathewos Assefa
- Addis Ababa City Cancer Registry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Freddy Gnangnon
- Cotonou Cancer Registry, Ministry of Health, Cotonou, Republic of Benin
| | - Rolf Hansen
- Namibian National Cancer Registry, Cancer Association of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | | | - Biying Liu
- African Cancer Registry Network, INCTR African Registry Programme, Oxford, UK
| | - Eva J Kantelhardt
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstrasse 8, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| | - Donald M Parkin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Definitive Radiation Treatment Patterns and Outcomes for Low and Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer Patients: A Cross-Continental Comparative Study. Am J Clin Oncol 2020; 42:937-944. [PMID: 31584456 PMCID: PMC6887629 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate early-stage prostate cancer (PCa) radiotherapy treatment patterns and outcomes among Ghanaian men (GM) compared with US men (USM).
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Ahsan T, Urmi NJ, Sajib AA. Heterogeneity in the distribution of 159 drug-response related SNPs in world populations and their genetic relatedness. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228000. [PMID: 31971968 PMCID: PMC6977754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interethnic variability in drug response arises from genetic differences associated with drug metabolism, action and transport. These genetic variations can affect drug efficacy as well as cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We retrieved drug-response related single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated data from databases and analyzed to elucidate population specific distribution of 159 drug-response related SNPs in twenty six populations belonging to five super-populations (African, Admixed Americans, East Asian, European and South Asian). Significant interpopulation differences exist in the minor (variant) allele frequencies (MAFs), linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype distributions among these populations. 65 of the drug-response related alleles, which are considered as minor (variant) in global population, are present as the major alleles (frequency ≥0.5) in at least one or more populations. Populations that belong to the same super-population have similar distribution pattern for majority of the variant alleles. These drug response related variant allele frequencies and their pairwise LD measure (r2) can clearly distinguish the populations in a way that correspond to the known evolutionary history of human and current geographic distributions, while D' cannot. The data presented here may aid in identifying drugs that are more appropriate and/or require pharmacogenetic testing in these populations. Our findings emphasize on the importance of distinct, ethnicity-specific clinical guidelines, especially for the African populations, to avoid ADRs and ensure effective drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamim Ahsan
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Abu Ashfaqur Sajib
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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