1
|
Laus AC, Gomes INF, da Silva ALV, da Silva LS, Milan MB, AparecidaTeixeira S, Martin ACBM, do Nascimento Braga Pereira L, de Carvalho CEB, Crovador CS, de Paula FE, Nascimento FC, de Freitas HT, de Lima Vazquez V, Reis RM, da Silva-Oliveira RJ. Establishment and molecular characterization of HCB-541, a novel and aggressive human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Hum Cell 2024; 37:1170-1183. [PMID: 38565739 PMCID: PMC11194207 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common type of skin cancer that can result in significant morbidity, although it is usually well-managed and rarely metastasizes. However, the lack of commercially available cSCC cell lines hinders our understanding of this disease. This study aims to establish and characterize a new metastatic cSCC cell line derived from a Brazilian patient. A tumor biopsy was taken from a metastatic cSCC patient, immortalized, and named HCB-541 after several passages. The cytokeratin expression profile, karyotypic alterations, mutational analysis, mRNA and protein differential expression, tumorigenic capacity in xenograft models, and drug sensitivity were analyzed. The HCB-541 cell line showed a doubling time between 20 and 30 h and high tumorigenic capacity in the xenograft mouse model. The HCB-541 cell line showed hypodiploid and hypotetraploidy populations. We found pathogenic mutations in TP53 p.(Arg248Leu), HRAS (Gln61His) and TERT promoter (C228T) and high-level microsatellite instability (MSI-H) in both tumor and cell line. We observed 37 cancer-related genes differentially expressed when compared with HACAT control cells. The HCB-541 cells exhibited high phosphorylated levels of EGFR, AXL, Tie, FGFR, and ROR2, and high sensitivity to cisplatin, carboplatin, and EGFR inhibitors. Our study successfully established HCB-541, a new cSCC cell line that could be useful as a valuable biological model for understanding the biology and therapy of metastatic skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Laus
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Izabela Natalia Faria Gomes
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Aline Larissa Virginio da Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Luciane Sussuchi da Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Mirella Baroni Milan
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Silvia AparecidaTeixeira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Baptista Moreno Martin
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Letícia do Nascimento Braga Pereira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Souza Crovador
- Department of Surgery of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Escremin de Paula
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Flávia Caroline Nascimento
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Helder Teixeira de Freitas
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
| | - Vinicius de Lima Vazquez
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
- Department of Surgery of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata-FACISB, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato José da Silva-Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, Zip Code: 14784 400, Brazil.
- Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata-FACISB, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salman P, de Melo AC, Rico-Restrepo M, Rodriguez J, Russi A, Schmerling RA, Zambrano A, Cinat G. Addressing the unmet needs of patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma in Latin America: Expert perspective. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1032300. [PMID: 36998456 PMCID: PMC10043339 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1032300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma represents an increasing public health burden with extensive unmet needs in Latin America (LA). A mutation in the BRAF gene is present in approximately 50% of all melanomas in White populations and is a target of precision medicine, with the potential to dramatically improve patient outcomes. Thus, increased access to BRAF testing and therapy is LA must be explored. At a multi-day conference, a panel of Latin American experts in oncology and dermatology were provided with questions to address the barriers limiting access to testing for BRAF mutation in patients with melanoma in LA, who may be eligible for targeted therapy to improve their prognosis. During the conference, responses were discussed and edited until a consensus on addressing the barriers was achieved. Identified challenges included ignorance of BRAF-status implications, limited human and infrastructural resources, affordability and reimbursement, fragmented care delivery, pitfalls in the sample journey, and lack of local data. Despite the clear benefits of targeted therapies for BRAF-mutated melanoma in other regions, there is no clear path to prepare LA for a sustainable personalized medicine approach to this disease. Due to melanoma’s time-sensitive nature, LA must aim to provide early access to BRAF testing and consider mutational status within treatment decision making. To this end, recommendations are provided and include establishing multidisciplinary teams and melanoma referral centers and improving access to diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Salman
- Oncology Department, Oncovida Cancer Center, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Pamela Salman,
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Russi
- Departamento de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Angela Zambrano
- Departamento de Oncología, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Gabriela Cinat
- Instituto de Oncología Ángel Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Fundación CIDEA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Diefenbach RJ, Lee JH, Stewart A, Menzies AM, Carlino MS, Saw RPM, Stretch JR, Long GV, Scolyer RA, Rizos H. Anchored Multiplex PCR Custom Melanoma Next Generation Sequencing Panel for Analysis of Circulating Tumor DNA. Front Oncol 2022; 12:820510. [PMID: 35494035 PMCID: PMC9039342 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.820510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of melanoma mutations using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a potential alternative to using genomic DNA from invasive tissue biopsies. To date, mutations in the GC-rich TERT promoter region, which is commonly mutated in melanoma, have been technically difficult to detect in ctDNA using next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels. In this study, we developed a custom melanoma NGS panel for detection of ctDNA, which encompasses the top 15 gene mutations in melanoma including the TERT promoter. We analyzed 21 stage III and IV melanoma patient samples who were treatment-naïve or on therapy. The overall detection rate of the custom panel, based on BRAF/NRAS/TERT promoter mutations, was 14/21 (67%) patient samples which included a TERT C250T mutation in one BRAF and NRAS mutation negative sample. A BRAF or NRAS mutation was detected in the ctDNA of 13/21 (62%) patients while TERT promoter mutations were detected in 10/21 (48%) patients. Co-occurrence of TERT promoter mutations with BRAF or NRAS mutations was found in 9/10 (90%) patients. The custom ctDNA panel showed a concordance of 16/21 (76%) with tissue based-detection and included 12 BRAF/NRAS mutation positive and 4 BRAF/NRAS mutation negative patients. The ctDNA mutation detection rate for stage IV was 12/16 (75%) and for stage III was 1/5 (20%). Based on BRAF, NRAS and TERT promoter mutations, the custom melanoma panel displayed a limit of detection of ~0.2% mutant allele frequency and showed significant correlation with droplet digital PCR. For one patient, a novel MAP2K1 H119Y mutation was detected in an NRAS/BRAF/TERT promoter mutation negative background. To increase the detection rate to >90% for stage IV melanoma patients, we plan to expand our custom panel to 50 genes. This study represents one of the first to successfully detect TERT promoter mutations in ctDNA from cutaneous melanoma patients using a targeted NGS panel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell J Diefenbach
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny H Lee
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Stewart
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matteo S Carlino
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead and Blacktown Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robyn P M Saw
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Stretch
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Rizos
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gomes INF, da Silva-Oliveira RJ, da Silva LS, Martinho O, Evangelista AF, van Helvoort Lengert A, Leal LF, Silva VAO, dos Santos SP, Nascimento FC, Lopes Carvalho A, Reis RM. Comprehensive Molecular Landscape of Cetuximab Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer Cell Lines. Cells 2022; 11:154. [PMID: 35011716 PMCID: PMC8750399 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab is the sole anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody that is FDA approved to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, no predictive biomarkers of cetuximab response are known for HNSCC. Herein, we address the molecular mechanisms underlying cetuximab resistance in an in vitro model. We established a cetuximab resistant model (FaDu), using increased cetuximab concentrations for more than eight months. The resistance and parental cells were evaluated for cell viability and functional assays. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blot and human cell surface panel by lyoplate. The mutational profile and copy number alterations (CNA) were analyzed using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and the NanoString platform. FaDu resistant clones exhibited at least two-fold higher IC50 compared to the parental cell line. WES showed relevant mutations in several cancer-related genes, and the comparative mRNA expression analysis showed 36 differentially expressed genes associated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors resistance, RAS, MAPK, and mTOR signaling. Importantly, we observed that overexpression of KRAS, RhoA, and CD44 was associated with cetuximab resistance. Protein analysis revealed EGFR phosphorylation inhibition and mTOR increase in resistant cells. Moreover, the resistant cell line demonstrated an aggressive phenotype with a significant increase in adhesion, the number of colonies, and migration rates. Overall, we identified several molecular alterations in the cetuximab resistant cell line that may constitute novel biomarkers of cetuximab response such as mTOR and RhoA overexpression. These findings indicate new strategies to overcome anti-EGFR resistance in HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela N. F. Gomes
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil; (I.N.F.G.); (R.J.d.S.-O.); (L.S.d.S.); (A.F.E.); (A.v.H.L.); (L.F.L.); (V.A.O.S.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Renato J. da Silva-Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil; (I.N.F.G.); (R.J.d.S.-O.); (L.S.d.S.); (A.F.E.); (A.v.H.L.); (L.F.L.); (V.A.O.S.); (A.L.C.)
- Barretos School of Medicine Dr. Paulo Prata—FACISB, Barretos 14785-002, Brazil
| | - Luciane Sussuchi da Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil; (I.N.F.G.); (R.J.d.S.-O.); (L.S.d.S.); (A.F.E.); (A.v.H.L.); (L.F.L.); (V.A.O.S.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Olga Martinho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (O.M.); (F.C.N.)
| | - Adriane F. Evangelista
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil; (I.N.F.G.); (R.J.d.S.-O.); (L.S.d.S.); (A.F.E.); (A.v.H.L.); (L.F.L.); (V.A.O.S.); (A.L.C.)
| | - André van Helvoort Lengert
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil; (I.N.F.G.); (R.J.d.S.-O.); (L.S.d.S.); (A.F.E.); (A.v.H.L.); (L.F.L.); (V.A.O.S.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Letícia Ferro Leal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil; (I.N.F.G.); (R.J.d.S.-O.); (L.S.d.S.); (A.F.E.); (A.v.H.L.); (L.F.L.); (V.A.O.S.); (A.L.C.)
- Barretos School of Medicine Dr. Paulo Prata—FACISB, Barretos 14785-002, Brazil
| | - Viviane Aline Oliveira Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil; (I.N.F.G.); (R.J.d.S.-O.); (L.S.d.S.); (A.F.E.); (A.v.H.L.); (L.F.L.); (V.A.O.S.); (A.L.C.)
| | | | - Flávia Caroline Nascimento
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (O.M.); (F.C.N.)
| | - André Lopes Carvalho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil; (I.N.F.G.); (R.J.d.S.-O.); (L.S.d.S.); (A.F.E.); (A.v.H.L.); (L.F.L.); (V.A.O.S.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil; (I.N.F.G.); (R.J.d.S.-O.); (L.S.d.S.); (A.F.E.); (A.v.H.L.); (L.F.L.); (V.A.O.S.); (A.L.C.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (O.M.); (F.C.N.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil;
- 3ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tovar-Parra D, Gil-Quiñones SR, Nova J, Gutiérrez-Castañeda LD. 3'UTR-CDKN2A and CDK4 Germline Variants Are Associated With Susceptibility to Cutaneous Melanoma. In Vivo 2021; 35:1529-1536. [PMID: 33910831 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Genetic variations of the CDKN2A and CDK4 gene have been associated to melanoma development. In the present study we investigated the potential associations of CDKN2A and CDK4 gene variants in a colombian population diagnosed with melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA was extracted from whole blood samples from 85 patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma and 166 healthy controls. CDKN2A and CDK4 genes were genotyped using a high-resolution melting assay. RESULTS A similar distribution of CDKN2A variants 500C>G and 540C>T was found among cases (12% and 31% respectively) and controls (15% and 31% respectively). The CDKN2A variants were present in 36% of acral lentiginous melanoma and 39.47% of lentigo maligna. The haplotype analysis showed an association with susceptibility in the development of melanoma. CONCLUSION The presence of haplotype 500G/540C in males is associated with an increased risk of melanoma in a colombian population, especially in subjects with a family history of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Tovar-Parra
- General Dermatology Group, Hospital Universitario Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta E.S.E, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sebastián Ramiro Gil-Quiñones
- General Dermatology Group, Hospital Universitario Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta E.S.E, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - John Nova
- General Dermatology Group, Hospital Universitario Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta E.S.E, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luz D Gutiérrez-Castañeda
- General Dermatology Group, Hospital Universitario Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta E.S.E, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marczynski GT, Laus AC, Dos Reis MB, Reis RM, Vazquez VDL. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection is associated with shorter progression-free survival in advanced melanoma patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18682. [PMID: 33122747 PMCID: PMC7596487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BRAF, NRAS and TERT mutations occur in more than 2/3 of melanomas. Its detection in patient's blood, as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), represents a possibility for identification and monitoring of metastatic disease. We proposed to standardize a liquid biopsy platform to identify hotspot mutations in BRAF, NRAS and TERT in plasma samples from advanced melanoma patients and investigate whether it was associated to clinical outcome. Firstly, we performed digital polymerase chain reaction using tumor cell lines for validation and determination of limit of detection (LOD) of each assay and screened plasma samples from healthy individuals to determine the limit of blank (LOB). Then, we selected 19 stage III and IV patients and determined the somatic mutations status in tumor tissue and track them in patients' plasma. We established a specific and sensitive methodology with a LOD ranging from 0.13 to 0.37%, and LOB ranging from of 0 to 5.201 copies/reaction. Somatic mutations occurred in 17/19 (89%) patients, of whom seven (41%) had ctDNA detectable their paired plasma. ctDNA detection was associated with shorter progression free survival (p = 0.01). In conclusion, our data support the use of ctDNA as prognosis biomarker, suggesting that patients with detectable levels have an unfavorable outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Taques Marczynski
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, 1331, Antenor Duarte Villela St, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Laus
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, 1331, Antenor Duarte Villela St, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bisarro Dos Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, 1331, Antenor Duarte Villela St, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, 1331, Antenor Duarte Villela St, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vinicius de Lima Vazquez
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, 1331, Antenor Duarte Villela St, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil.
- Surgery Department of Melanoma, Sarcoma and Mesenchymal Tumors, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.
- Barretos School of Health Sciences Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|