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Kronenberger L, Mett J, Hoppstädter J, Müller U. Metabolic Profiling of SH-SY5Y and Neuro2A Cells in Relation to Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) Concentration in Culture Media. Metabolites 2024; 14:188. [PMID: 38668316 PMCID: PMC11052363 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y and Neuro2A are commonly utilized models in neurobiological research. DMEM supplemented with different nutrients and 5-10% Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) is typically used for culturing these cell lines. During special treatments, a reduced FCS content is often deployed to reduce cellular proliferation or the content of bioactive compounds. The impact of the reduction of FCS in culture media on the metabolic profile of SH-SY5Y and Neuro2A cells is currently unknown. Using an Amplex Red Assay, this study showed that the consumption of L-glutamine decreased after FCS reduction. Glucose and pyruvate consumption increased in both cell lines after the reduction of FCS. Thus, lactate production also increased with reduced FCS concentration. The reduction of FCS in the cell culture medium resulted in a reduced aerobic ATP production for SH-SY5Y cells and a complete shut down of aerobic ATP production for Neuro2A cells, measured using the Seahorse XF Real-Time ATP Rate Assay. Utilizing the Seahorse XF Glutamine Oxidation Stress Test, Neuro2A cells showed an increased utilization of L-glutamine oxidation after reduction of FCS. These results indicate that changes in FCS concentration in culture media have an impact on the different energy production strategies of SH-SY5Y and Neuro2A cells which must be considered when planning special treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lys Kronenberger
- Zoology/Physiology-Neurobiology, ZHMB (Center of Human and Molecular Biology), Faculty NT-Natural Science and Technology, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Janine Mett
- Zoology/Physiology-Neurobiology, ZHMB (Center of Human and Molecular Biology), Faculty NT-Natural Science and Technology, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jessica Hoppstädter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Uli Müller
- Zoology/Physiology-Neurobiology, ZHMB (Center of Human and Molecular Biology), Faculty NT-Natural Science and Technology, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Røsland GV, Dyrstad SE, Tusubira D, Helwa R, Tan TZ, Lotsberg ML, Pettersen IKN, Berg A, Kindt C, Hoel F, Jacobsen K, Arason AJ, Engelsen AST, Ditzel HJ, Lønning PE, Krakstad C, Thiery JP, Lorens JB, Knappskog S, Tronstad KJ. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with attenuation of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in breast cancer through reduced expression of SDHC. Cancer Metab 2019; 7:6. [PMID: 31164982 PMCID: PMC6544948 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-019-0197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well-characterized process of cell plasticity that may involve metabolic rewiring. In cancer, EMT is associated with malignant progression, tumor heterogeneity, and therapy resistance. In this study, we investigated the role of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) as a potential key regulator of EMT. METHODS Associations between SDH subunits and EMT were explored in gene expression data from breast cancer patient cohorts, followed by in-depth studies of SDH suppression as a potential mediator of EMT in cultured cells. RESULTS We found an overall inverse association between EMT and the SDH subunit C (SDHC) when analyzing gene expression in breast tumors. This was particularly evident in carcinomas of basal-like molecular subtype compared to non-basal-like tumors, and a low SDHC expression level tended to have a prognostic impact in those patients. Studies in cultured cells revealed that EMT was induced by SDH inhibition through SDHC CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown or by the enzymatic inhibitor malonate. Conversely, overexpression of EMT-promoting transcription factors TWIST and SNAI2 caused decreased levels of SDHB and C and reduced rates of SDH-linked mitochondrial respiration. Cells overexpressing TWIST had reduced mitochondrial mass, and the organelles were thinner and more fragmented compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that downregulation of SDHC promotes EMT and that this is accompanied by structural remodeling of the mitochondrial organelles. This may confer survival benefits upon exposure to hostile microenvironment including oxidative stress and hypoxia during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gro V. Røsland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Reham Helwa
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maria L. Lotsberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Anna Berg
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Charlotte Kindt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Hoel
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kirstine Jacobsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ari J. Arason
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Agnete S. T. Engelsen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Henrik J. Ditzel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Per E. Lønning
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jean P. Thiery
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Biomedical Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Inserm Unit 1186 Comprehensive Cancer Center Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A-STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James B. Lorens
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stian Knappskog
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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