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Foster J, Ganatra M, Kamal I, Ware J, Makarova K, Ivanova N, Bhattacharyya A, Kapatral V, Kumar S, Posfai J, Vincze T, Ingram J, Moran L, Lapidus A, Omelchenko M, Kyrpides N, Ghedin E, Wang S, Goltsman E, Joukov V, Ostrovskaya O, Tsukerman K, Mazur M, Comb D, Koonin E, Slatko B. The Wolbachia genome of Brugia malayi: endosymbiont evolution within a human pathogenic nematode. PLoS Biol 2005; 3:e121. [PMID: 15780005 PMCID: PMC1069646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 02/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete genome DNA sequence and analysis is presented for Wolbachia, the obligate alpha-proteobacterial endosymbiont required for fertility and survival of the human filarial parasitic nematode Brugia malayi. Although, quantitatively, the genome is even more degraded than those of closely related Rickettsia species, Wolbachia has retained more intact metabolic pathways. The ability to provide riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide, heme, and nucleotides is likely to be Wolbachia's principal contribution to the mutualistic relationship, whereas the host nematode likely supplies amino acids required for Wolbachia growth. Genome comparison of the Wolbachia endosymbiont of B. malayi (wBm) with the Wolbachia endosymbiont of Drosophila melanogaster (wMel) shows that they share similar metabolic trends, although their genomes show a high degree of genome shuffling. In contrast to wMel, wBm contains no prophage and has a reduced level of repeated DNA. Both Wolbachia have lost a considerable number of membrane biogenesis genes that apparently make them unable to synthesize lipid A, the usual component of proteobacterial membranes. However, differences in their peptidoglycan structures may reflect the mutualistic lifestyle of wBm in contrast to the parasitic lifestyle of wMel. The smaller genome size of wBm, relative to wMel, may reflect the loss of genes required for infecting host cells and avoiding host defense systems. Analysis of this first sequenced endosymbiont genome from a filarial nematode provides insight into endosymbiont evolution and additionally provides new potential targets for elimination of cutaneous and lymphatic human filarial disease. Analysis of this Wolbachia genome, which resides within filarial parasites, offers insight into endosymbiont evolution and the promise of new strategies for the elimination of human filarial disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Foster
- 1Molecular Parasitology Division, New England BiolabsBeverly, MassachusettsUnited States of America
| | - Mehul Ganatra
- 1Molecular Parasitology Division, New England BiolabsBeverly, MassachusettsUnited States of America
| | - Ibrahim Kamal
- 1Molecular Parasitology Division, New England BiolabsBeverly, MassachusettsUnited States of America
| | - Jennifer Ware
- 1Molecular Parasitology Division, New England BiolabsBeverly, MassachusettsUnited States of America
| | - Kira Makarova
- 2National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of MedicineNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandUnited States of America
| | - Natalia Ivanova
- 3Integrated Genomics, ChicagoIllinoisUnited States of America
| | | | | | - Sanjay Kumar
- 1Molecular Parasitology Division, New England BiolabsBeverly, MassachusettsUnited States of America
| | - Janos Posfai
- 1Molecular Parasitology Division, New England BiolabsBeverly, MassachusettsUnited States of America
| | - Tamas Vincze
- 1Molecular Parasitology Division, New England BiolabsBeverly, MassachusettsUnited States of America
| | - Jessica Ingram
- 1Molecular Parasitology Division, New England BiolabsBeverly, MassachusettsUnited States of America
| | - Laurie Moran
- 1Molecular Parasitology Division, New England BiolabsBeverly, MassachusettsUnited States of America
| | - Alla Lapidus
- 3Integrated Genomics, ChicagoIllinoisUnited States of America
| | - Marina Omelchenko
- 2National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of MedicineNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandUnited States of America
| | - Nikos Kyrpides
- 3Integrated Genomics, ChicagoIllinoisUnited States of America
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- 4Parasite Genomics, Institute for Genomic ResearchRockville, MarylandUnited States of America
| | - Shiliang Wang
- 4Parasite Genomics, Institute for Genomic ResearchRockville, MarylandUnited States of America
| | - Eugene Goltsman
- 3Integrated Genomics, ChicagoIllinoisUnited States of America
| | - Victor Joukov
- 3Integrated Genomics, ChicagoIllinoisUnited States of America
| | | | - Kiryl Tsukerman
- 3Integrated Genomics, ChicagoIllinoisUnited States of America
| | - Mikhail Mazur
- 3Integrated Genomics, ChicagoIllinoisUnited States of America
| | - Donald Comb
- 1Molecular Parasitology Division, New England BiolabsBeverly, MassachusettsUnited States of America
| | - Eugene Koonin
- 2National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of MedicineNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandUnited States of America
| | - Barton Slatko
- 1Molecular Parasitology Division, New England BiolabsBeverly, MassachusettsUnited States of America
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