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Papageorgiou L, Christou E, Louka E, Papakonstantinou E, Diakou I, Pierouli K, Dragoumani K, Bacopoulou F, Chrousos GP, Eliopoulos E, Vlachakis D. ADRA2B and HTR1A: An Updated Study of the Biogenic Amine Receptors Reveals Novel Conserved Motifs Which Play Key Role in Mental Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1423:79-99. [PMID: 37525034 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31978-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Mental disorders are strongly connected with several psychiatric conditions including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, eating disorder, and suicides. There are many biological conditions and pathways that define these complicated illnesses. For example, eating disorders are complex mental health conditions that require the intervention of geneticists, psychiatrists, and medical experts in order to alleviate their symptoms. A patient with suicidal ideation should first be identified and consequently monitored by a similar team of specialists. Both genetics and epigenetics can shed light on eating disorders and suicides as they are found in the main core of such investigations. In the present study, an analysis has been performed on two specific members of the GPCR family toward drawing conclusions regarding their functionality and implementation in mental disorders. Specifically, evolutionary and structural studies on the adrenoceptor alpha 2b (ADRA2B) and the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (HTR1A) have been carried out. Both receptors are classified in the biogenic amine receptors sub-cluster of the GPCRs and have been connected in many studies with mental diseases and malnutrition conditions. The major goal of this study is the investigation of conserved motifs among biogenic amine receptors that play an important role in this family signaling pathway, through an updated evolutionary analysis and the correlation of this information with the structural features of the HTR1A and ADRA2B. Furthermore, the structural comparison of ADRA2B, HTR1A, and other members of GPCRs related to mental disorders is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Christou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Effrosyni Louka
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Io Diakou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Pierouli
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Dragoumani
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Eliopoulos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Raote I, Bhattacharyya S, Panicker MM. Functional selectivity in serotonin receptor 2A (5-HT2A) endocytosis, recycling, and phosphorylation. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 83:42-50. [PMID: 23034456 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.078626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling is modulated by endocytosis and endosomal sorting of receptors between degradation and recycling. Differential regulation of these processes by endogenous ligands and synthetic drugs is a poorly understood area of GPCR signaling. Here, we describe remarkable diversity in the regulation of trafficking of GPCR induced by multiple ligands. We show that the serotonin receptor 2A (5-HT(2A)), a prototypical GPCR in the study of functional selectivity at a signaling receptor, is functionally selective in endocytosis and recycling in response to five ligands tested: endogenous agonists serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA), synthetic agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-aminopropane (DOI), antagonist ketanserin, and inverse agonist and antipsychotic drug clozapine. Only four ligands (5-HT, DA, DOI, and clozapine) bring about receptor endocytosis. As we have earlier described with 5-HT and DA, there is ligand-specific requirement for protein kinase C (PKC) in endocytosis. We now show 5-HT(2A) phosphorylation by PKC is necessary for 5-HT-mediated and DOI-mediated receptor endocytosis, but DA-mediated and clozapine-mediated internalization is not affected if PKC is inhibited. Internalized receptors are recycled to the cell surface, but there is variability in the time course of recycling. 5-HT- and DA-internalized receptors are recycled in 2.5 hours while agonist DOI and antagonist clozapine bring about recycling in 7.5 hours. Recycling in response to those ligands that require PKC activation to effect receptor endocytosis is dependent on receptor dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Thus, internalization and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycles may play a significant role in the regulation of 5-HT(2A) by functionally and therapeutically important ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishier Raote
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, UAS-GKVK Campus, Bangalore, 560065 Karnataka, India
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