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Hobbie EA, Rice SF, Weber NS, Smith JE. Isotopic evidence indicates saprotrophy in post-fire Morchella in Oregon and Alaska. Mycologia 2017; 108:638-45. [DOI: 10.3852/15-281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel F. Rice
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824
| | - Nancy S. Weber
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 2160 NW Beechwood Place, Corvallis, Oregon 97330
| | - Jane E. Smith
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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Trappe MJ, Smith ME, Hobbie EA. Exploring the phylogenetic affiliations and the trophic mode of Sedecula pulvinata (Sedeculaceae). Mycologia 2017; 107:688-96. [DOI: 10.3852/14-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Trappe
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, 321 Richardson Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Matthew E. Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, 2517 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Erik A. Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824
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Kumla J, Hobbie EA, Suwannarach N, Lumyong S. The ectomycorrhizal status of a tropical black bolete, Phlebopus portentosus, assessed using mycorrhizal synthesis and isotopic analysis. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:333-343. [PMID: 26671421 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phlebopus portentosus is one of the most popular wild edible mushrooms in Thailand and can produce sporocarps in the culture without a host plant. However, it is still unclear whether Phlebopus portentosus is a saprotrophic, parasitic, or ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus. In this study, Phlebopus portentosus sporocarps were collected from northern Thailand and identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. We combined mycorrhizal synthesis and stable isotopic analysis to investigate the trophic status of this fungus. In a greenhouse experiment, ECM-like structures were observed in Pinus kesiya at 1 year after inoculation with fungal mycelium, and the association of Phlebopus portentosus and other plant species showed superficial growth over the root surface. Fungus-colonized root tips were described morphologically and colonization confirmed by molecular methods. In stable isotope measurements, the δ(13)C and δ(15)N of natural samples of Phlebopus portentosus differed from saprotrophic fungi. Based on the isotopic patterns of Phlebopus portentosus and its ability to form ECM-like structures in greenhouse experiments, we conclude that Phlebopus portentosus could be an ECM fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Erik A Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Hobbie EA, van Diepen LTA, Lilleskov EA, Ouimette AP, Finzi AC, Hofmockel KS. Fungal functioning in a pine forest: evidence from a ¹⁵N-labeled global change experiment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:1431-1439. [PMID: 24304469 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
• We used natural and tracer nitrogen (N) isotopes in a Pinus taeda free air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) experiment to investigate functioning of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi in N cycling. • Fungal sporocarps were sampled in 2004 (natural abundance and (15) N tracer) and 2010 (tracer) and δ(15)N patterns were compared against litter and soil pools. • Ectomycorrhizal fungi with hydrophobic ectomycorrhizas (e.g. Cortinarius and Tricholoma) acquired N from the Oea horizon or deeper. Taxa with hydrophilic ectomycorrhizas acquired N from the Oi horizon (Russula and Lactarius) or deeper (Laccaria, Inocybe, and Amanita). (15)N enrichment patterns for Cortinarius and Amanita in 2010 did not correspond to any measured bulk pool, suggesting that a persistent pool of active organic N supplied these two taxa. Saprotrophic fungi could be separated into those colonizing pine cones (Baeospora), wood, litter (Oi), and soil (Ramariopsis), with δ(15)N of taxa reflecting substrate differences. (15)N enrichment between sources and sporocarps varied across taxa and contributed to δ(15)N patterns. • Natural abundance and (15)N tracers proved useful for tracking N from different depths into fungal taxa, generally corresponded to literature estimates of fungal activity within soil profiles, and provided new insights into interpreting natural abundance δ(15)N patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Linda T A van Diepen
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Erik A Lilleskov
- US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Andrew P Ouimette
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Adrien C Finzi
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kirsten S Hofmockel
- Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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Hobbie EA, Högberg P. Nitrogen isotopes link mycorrhizal fungi and plants to nitrogen dynamics. NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:367-382. [PMID: 22963677 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik A. Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center University of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 USA
| | - Peter Högberg
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) SE‐901 83 Umeå Sweden
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Kennedy P. Ectomycorrhizal fungi and interspecific competition: species interactions, community structure, coexistence mechanisms, and future research directions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 187:895-910. [PMID: 20673286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The field of ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) ecology has largely developed outside the ecological mainstream, owing in large part to the challenges in studying the structure and dynamics of EMF communities. With advances in molecular identification and other research techniques, however, there has been growing interest among mycologists and ecologists in understanding how different ecological factors affect EMF community structure and diversity. While factors such as soil chemistry and host specificity have long been considered important, an increasing number of laboratory and field studies have documented that interspecific competition also has a major impact on EMF species interactions and may significantly influence EMF community structure. In this review, I examine the progress that has been made in understanding the nature of EMF competition. Currently, there are four conclusions that can be drawn: negative competitive effects are rarely reciprocal; competitive outcomes are environmentally context-dependent; field distributions often reflect competitive interactions; and timing of colonization influences competitive success. In addition, I highlight recent studies documenting links between competitive coexistence and EMF community structure, including checkerboard distributions, lottery models, storage effects, and colonization-competition tradeoffs. Finally, I discuss several aspects of EMF competition needing further investigation and some newer methods with which to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kennedy
- Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, 0615 SW Palatine Hill Rd, Portland, OR 97219, USA
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Scandellari F, Hobbie EA, Ouimette AP, Stucker VK. Tracing metabolic pathways of lipid biosynthesis in ectomycorrhizal fungi from position-specific 13C-labelling in glucose. Environ Microbiol 2009; 11:3087-95. [PMID: 19638174 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Six position-specific (13)C-labelled isotopomers of glucose were supplied to the ectomycorrhizal fungi Suillus pungens and Tricholoma flavovirens. From the resulting distribution of (13)C among fungal PLFAs, the overall order and contribution of each glucose atom to fatty acid (13)C enrichment was: C6 (approximately 31%) > C5 (approximately 25%) > C1 (approximately 18%) > C2 (approximately 18%) > C3 (approximately 8%) > C4 (approximately 1%). These data were used to parameterize a metabolic model of the relative fluxes from glucose degradation to lipid synthesis. Our data revealed that a higher amount of carbon is directed to glycolysis than to the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (60% and 40% respectively) and that a significant part flows through these pathways more than once (73%) due to the reversibility of some glycolysis reactions. Surprisingly, 95% of carbon cycled through glyoxylate prior to incorporation into lipids, possibly to consume the excess of acetyl-CoA produced during fatty acid turnover. Our approach provides a rigorous framework for analysing lipid biosynthesis in fungi. In addition, this approach could ultimately improve the interpretation of isotopic patterns at natural abundance in field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scandellari
- Department of Fruit Trees and Wood Plant Sciences, University of Bologna, viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Abstract
Radionuclides in the environment are one of the major concerns to human health and ecotoxicology. The explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant renewed interest in the role played by fungi in mediating radionuclide movement in ecosystems. As a result of these studies, our knowledge of the importance of fungi, especially in their mycorrhizal habit, in long-term accumulation of radionuclides, transfer up the food chain and regulation of accumulation by their host plants was increased. Micro-fungi have been found to be highly resilient to exposure to ionizing radiation, with fungi having been isolated from within and around the Chernobyl plant. Radioresistance of some fungal species has been linked to the presence of melanin, which has been shown to have emerging properties of acting as an energy transporter for metabolism and has been implicated in enhancing hyphal growth and directed growth of sensitized hyphae towards sources of radiation. Using this recently acquired knowledge, we may be in a better position to suggest the use of fungi in bioremediation of radioactively contaminated sites and cleanup of industrial effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dighton
- Rutgers University Pinelands Field Station, New Lisbon, NJ 08064, USA.
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Boström B, Comstedt D, Ekblad A. Can isotopic fractionation during respiration explain the 13C-enriched sporocarps of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2007; 177:1012-1019. [PMID: 18086229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism behind the (13)C enrichment of fungi relative to plant materials is unclear and constrains the use of stable isotopes in studies of the carbon cycle in soils. Here, we examined whether isotopic fractionation during respiration contributes to this pattern by comparing delta(13)C signatures of respired CO(2), sporocarps and their associated plant materials, from 16 species of ectomycorrhizal or saprotrophic fungi collected in a Norway spruce forest. The isotopic composition of respired CO(2) and sporocarps was positively correlated. The differences in delta(13)C between CO(2) and sporocarps were generally small, < +/-1 per thousand in nine out of 16 species, and the average shift for all investigated species was 0.04 per thousand. However, when fungal groups were analysed separately, three out of six species of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes respired (13)C-enriched CO(2) (up to 1.6 per thousand), whereas three out of five species of polypores respired (13)C-depleted CO(2) (up to 1.7 per thousand; P < 0.05). The CO(2) and sporocarps were always (13)C-enriched compared with wood, litter or roots. Loss of (13)C-depleted CO(2) may have enriched some species in (13)C. However, that the CO(2) was consistently (13)C-enriched compared with plant materials implies that other processes must be found to explain the consistent (13)C-enrichment of fungal biomass compared with plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Boström
- Department of Natural Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - D Comstedt
- Department of Natural Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - A Ekblad
- Department of Natural Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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Hobbie EA, Horton TR. Evidence that saprotrophic fungi mobilise carbon and mycorrhizal fungi mobilise nitrogen during litter decomposition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2007; 173:447-449. [PMID: 17244038 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.01984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Hobbie
- Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Thomas R Horton
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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