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Patterson EK, Vanin Moreno N, Fraser DD, Cepinskas G, Iida T, Berard RA. A Proteinase 3 Contribution to Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Cartilage Damage. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:320-327. [PMID: 35366277 PMCID: PMC8830470 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A full understanding of the molecular mechanisms implicated in the etiopathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is lacking. A critical role for leukocyte proteolytic activity (e.g., elastase and cathepsin G) has been proposed. While leukocyte elastase’s (HLE) role has been documented, the potential contribution of proteinase 3 (PR3), a serine protease present in abundance in neutrophils, has not been evaluated. In this study we investigated: (1) PR3 concentrations in the synovial fluid of JIA patients using ELISA and (2) the cartilage degradation potential of PR3 by measuring the hydrolysis of fluorescently labeled collagen II in vitro. In parallel, concentrations and collagen II hydrolysis by HLE were assessed. Additionally, the levels of the co-secreted primary granule protein myeloperoxidase (MPO) were assessed in synovial fluid of patients diagnosed with JIA. We report the following levels of analytes in JIA synovial fluid: PR3—114 ± 100 ng/mL (mean ± SD), HLE—1272 ± 1219 ng/mL, and MPO—1129 ± 1659 ng/mL, with a very strong correlation between the PR3 and HLE concentrations (rs = 0.898, p < 1 × 10–6). Importantly, PR3 hydrolyzed fluorescently labeled collagen II as efficiently as HLE. Taken together, these novel findings suggest that PR3 (in addition to HLE) contributes to JIA-associated joint damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K. Patterson
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (E.K.P.); (N.V.M.); (G.C.); (T.I.)
| | - Nicolas Vanin Moreno
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (E.K.P.); (N.V.M.); (G.C.); (T.I.)
| | - Douglas D. Fraser
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (E.K.P.); (N.V.M.); (G.C.); (T.I.)
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Takaya Iida
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (E.K.P.); (N.V.M.); (G.C.); (T.I.)
| | - Roberta A. Berard
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada;
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, London Health Sciences Centre, Children’s Hospital, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Ansari MM, Ahmad A, Kumar A, Alam P, Khan TH, Jayamurugan G, Raza SS, Khan R. Aminocellulose-grafted-polycaprolactone coated gelatin nanoparticles alleviate inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis: A combinational therapeutic approach. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117600. [PMID: 33593531 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder and serious cause of disability. Despite considerable advances in RA management, challenges like extensive drug metabolism and rapid clearance causes poor bioavailability. Core-shell nanocarriers for co-delivery of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and budesonide against RA were developed. GA-loaded gelatin nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and coated with budesonide encapsulated aminocellulose-grafted polycaprolactone (PCL-AC). GA- and budesonide-loaded PCL-AC-gel NPs had diameter of 200-225 nm. Dual drug-loaded (DDL) NPs reduced joint swelling and erythema in rats while markedly ameliorating bone erosion evidenced by radiological analysis, suppressed collagen destruction, restored synovial tissue, bone and cartilage histoarchitecture with reduced inflammatory cells infiltration. NPs also reduced various inflammatory biomarkers such as TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, iNOS. Results of this study suggest that dual NPs exerted superior therapeutic effects in RA compared to free drugs which may be attributed to slow and sustained drug release and NPs' ability to inhibit inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Meraj Ansari
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, PO Box - 173, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Peake NJ, Khawaja K, Myers A, Jones D, Cawston TE, Rowan AD, Foster HE. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 in paired sera and synovial fluids of juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients: relationship to inflammatory activity, MMP-3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in a longitudinal study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44:1383-9. [PMID: 16049050 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kei025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure levels of the collagenases matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and -13 in the synovial fluid (SF) and serum of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and to correlate these measurements with inflammatory activity, levels of the collagenase activator MMP-3 and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). METHODS Levels of MMP-1, -3, -13 and TIMP-1 were measured in paired SF and serum from 82 JIA patients using enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay and compared between subtypes and patients of different ages and disease durations. These levels were also correlated to the active joint count (AJC) and standard measures of inflammatory activity and therapeutic response, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and platelet count (PLT). RESULTS MMP-1 was detected in JIA SF and correlated with PLT. MMP-3 levels were high in SF and detectable in serum where they correlated with PLT, ESR and AJC. MMP-13, however, was not detected in SF or serum. No differences were observed between patients grouped by subtype, age or disease duration. MMP-3 contributed the majority of total MMP in SF samples resulting in excess MMP levels over TIMP-1. CONCLUSIONS MMP-1 is up-regulated in SF concordant with inflammatory activity in JIA. This was true for patients in all JIA subtypes and age groups, suggesting that the capability for degradation of type II collagen is present in early disease, and throughout the disease course. MMP-3 may be important in the activation of collagenases and the saturation of exogenous inhibitors. Serum MMP-3 may therefore be a useful, measurable and specific marker of active disease in JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Peake
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Miranda LA, Fischer RG, Sztajnbok FR, Johansson A, Figueredo CMS, Gustafsson A. Increased Interleukin-18 in Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Early Attachment Loss. J Periodontol 2005; 76:75-82. [PMID: 15830640 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have been shown to have incipient attachment loss (AL) more frequently than systemically healthy individuals. This study investigated neutrophil activity and proinflammatory cytokines in these patients and aged-matched controls. METHODS Elastase activity, measured with a low molecular weight substrate (S-2484), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were analyzed in the gingival fluid of 38 patients with JIA and 29 controls. IL-1beta and interleukin-18 (IL-18) were measured with ELISA in the serum of the same groups. Subgingival plaque was analyzed by DNA probes to detect 12 bacteria. RESULTS Significantly elevated serum levels of IL-1beta and IL-18 were found in the JIA group. No differences were found in the gingival fluid levels of elastase and IL-1beta between groups, or in the frequency of subjects positive to most of the bacteria analyzed, except F. nucleatum, C. rectus, P. micros, and S. intermedius, which were significantly more frequent in the control group. When the JIA group was subdivided according to the presence/absence of AL, IL-18 was significantly increased in the JIA subgroup with AL compared to those without it. There were no differences in the subgingival microbiota between the subgroups. CONCLUSION The findings of increased serum IL-18 and IL-1beta in patients with JIA accompanied by a similar subgingival microbiota suggest that the increased frequency of incipient attachment loss observed in these patients might be due to their altered systemic inflammatory response, making them more susceptible to periodontal disease.
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Foell D, Wittkowski H, Hammerschmidt I, Wulffraat N, Schmeling H, Frosch M, Horneff G, Kuis W, Sorg C, Roth J. Monitoring neutrophil activation in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis by S100A12 serum concentrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:1286-95. [PMID: 15077313 DOI: 10.1002/art.20125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phagocytes are extensively involved in the synovial inflammation associated with chronic arthritis. The aim of our study was to determine neutrophil activation in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) by analyzing S100A12 (EN-RAGE; calgranulin C), a proinflammatory protein secreted by human neutrophils. METHODS S100A12 serum concentrations were determined in 124 patients with chronic active polyarticular-, oligoarticular-, or systemic-onset JRA. S100A12 was also analyzed in synovial fluid obtained from 22 patients. Changes in S100A12 levels in response to anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF alpha) therapy, intraarticular injections of corticosteroids, and methotrexate (MTX) treatment were analyzed. Forty-five patients were followed up after successful antiinflammatory treatment, for a mean period of 2.8 years. RESULTS The mean serum level of S100A12 was 395 ng/ml in patients with active polyarticular JRA and 325 ng/ml in patients with active oligoarticular JRA (normal <120 ng/ml). The level of S100A12 was approximately 10-fold higher in synovial fluid than in serum, indicating release at sites of local inflammation. In patients with systemic-onset JRA, the mean level of S100A12 was 3,700 ng/ml. Moreover, serum levels decreased in response to different antiinflammatory therapies (i.e., intraarticular injections of corticosteroids, MTX, or etanercept). S100A12 levels were elevated in 20 patients who experienced disease flares after the initial induction of remission, even weeks before the relapses became clinically apparent. CONCLUSION S100A12 serum concentrations indicate neutrophil activation in JRA and correlate with disease activity. S100A12 may indicate synovial inflammation even when other signs of arthritis are absent. Its function as a proinflammatory factor secreted by activated neutrophils makes this protein a potential target for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Foell
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
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Brignone C, Munoz O, Batoz M, Rouquette-Jazdanian A, Cousin JL. Proteases produced by activated neutrophils are able to release soluble CD23 fragments endowed with proinflammatory effects. FASEB J 2001; 15:2027-9. [PMID: 11511513 DOI: 10.1096/fj.00-0773fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the major source of proteolytic activities involved mainly in tissue injuries observed in chronic inflammatory disorders. High levels of soluble forms of CD23 (the low-affinity receptor for IgE) were found in biological fluids from these patients, and recent reports focused on a CD23-mediated regulation of inflammatory response. In this context, we show here that co-culture of activated PMN with CD23+ B cells resulted in a drastic release of soluble CD23 fragments from the cell surface. This cleavage was inhibited by serine proteases inhibitors, including a1-antitrypsin. We next demonstrated that purified human leukocyte elastase or cathepsin G efficiently cleaved membrane CD23 on B cells with a high specificity. Soluble fragments released by serine proteases-mediated CD23 proteolysis stimulated resting monocytes to produce oxidative burst and proinflammatory cytokine without any co-stimulatory signal. This work strongly supports the idea that the capacity of PMN-derived proteases to release soluble forms of CD23 participates in the inflammatory process mediated by these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brignone
- INSERM U343, Hôpital de L'Archet, F-06202 Nice cedex 3, France
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Prigent D, Trancart MM, Seed MP, Willoughby DA. Proteoglycan degrading activity in granulomatous inflammation: comparison between the C57b1/6 and C57bg/bg mouse. Inflamm Res 1996; 45:494-8. [PMID: 8912013 DOI: 10.1007/bf02311084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Proteoglycan (GAG) and collagen are lost from cartilage juxtaposed to murine granulomatous tissue in both control and C57bg/bg (elastase deficient mice). The objective was to extract and characterise proteoglycan degrading activity within granulomas of both strains. MATERIALS 15 animals (female C57b1/6 and C57bg/bg mice) per group were used. TREATMENT Cotton-wrapped rat femoral head cartilages were implanted subcutaneously into the dorsum of the mice and the granulomas excised fourteen days later. METHODS Granuloma and granuloma cell-granule preparations were fractionated within a detergent-based buffer and tested for their abilities to degrade cartilage in vitro in the presence and absence of enzyme inhibitors. Elastase and cathepsin G activities were also assessed using specific substrates. Statistical significance was calculated using Student's t-test. RESULTS Extracts from both strains induced the loss of cartilage GAG. This was correlated with cathepsin G activity (r = 0.96) and was inhibited by a specific cathepsin-G inhibitor (95%, p < 0.001), but not specific elastase or metalloproteinase inhibitors. Elastase activity but not that of cathepsin G was absent in the beige mice, whilst both enzymes were active in the controls. CONCLUSIONS It appears that neutrophil cathepsin G may play an important role in the degradation of cartilage proteoglycan in the murine cotton-pellet granuloma in both C57b1/6 and C57bg/bg.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Prigent
- Laboratoires Jacques LOGEAIS, Trappes, France
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Rosin M, Benjamin P, Rogers P, Gibson M, Van Leuven F, Johnson NW, Curtis M. Elevated conversion of alpha-2-macroglobulin to the complexed form in gingival crevicular fluid from adult periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res 1995; 30:436-44. [PMID: 8544108 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1995.tb01298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The broad spectrum protease inhibitor, alpha 2-macgrolobulin (alpha 2M), is one of the host's principal regulators of both endogenous and exogenous proteases and is likely to have an important role in the regulation of proteolytic activity at inflammatory sites. We have determined the amount of complexed (com alpha 2M) and total alpha 2M (tot alpha 2M) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) harvested from shallow and deep sites in adult periodontitis (AP) patients (n = 21). An ELISA technique was developed to measure both forms of alpha 2M in the same sample utilizing a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for the complexed form. In addition, protease activity towards human serum albumin (Prot1), transferrin (Prot2) and N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin-hydrochloride (BAAMc; Prot3) were determined in a second GCF sample from the same site. Plasma alpha 2M concentrations were only positively correlated (p = 0.0163) with GCF tot alpha 2M from highly inflamed sites. We observed a significant positive correlation between tot alpha 2M and proteolytic activity in GCF from deep sites but not from shallow sites (Prot1: p = 0.002; Prot2: p = 0.005). A similar correlation between tot alpha 2M and proteolytic activity was found at highly inflamed sites (Prot1: p = 0.014; Prot2: p = 0.002). A very high proportion of the tot alpha 2M in GCF was in the complexed form at both shallow (71.14% +/- 29.13) and deep sites (68.17% +/- 28.5) Com alpha 2M was positively correlated with proteolytic activity only in deep sites (Prot1: p = 0.015; Prot2: p = 0.031). Our results suggest that the concentration of tot alpha 2M in the gingival crevice is positively associated with the amount of proteolytic activity at the site and that protease activities in GCF may only partly explain the high percentage conversion alpha 2M to the complexed form. The high level of alpha 2M inactivation in GCF from AP patients reported here may have significance not only in view of its role as a broad spectrum protease inhibitor but also through the differential effects of native vs complexed alpha 2M on the regulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosin
- MRC Dental Research Unit, London Hospital Medical College, England
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Abstract
Degradation of tissue proteins is controlled by multiple means. These include regulation of the synthesis of proteinases, activation of the zymogen forms, the activity of the mature proteinase, and the degradation of these enzymes and the substrates. Mature proteinases can be controlled by pH, calcium ions, ATP, lipids and the formation of complexes with other proteinases, proteoglycans, and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Twining
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226
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