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Tennekoon KH, Poopalapillai J, Karunanayake AG, Jayasinghe HD, Kumarasiri JM, De S Wijesundera AP, Karunanayake EH. Association of cord blood leptin, soluble leptin receptor, insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 on birth indices in healthy full-term newborns. Horm Res Paediatr 2015; 81:232-8. [PMID: 24557066 DOI: 10.1159/000356919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) promote fetal growth. Their availability is modulated by soluble leptin receptor (SLR) and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBP). Studies that accounted for SLR levels when investigating the association of leptin, IGF-I and IGFBPs on birth indices are scarce. METHODS Cord blood leptin, SLR, IGF-I, IGFBP-1 and their association with birth indices were studied in term newborns (n = 110; males = 60). Data were compared between males and females using the Mann-Whitney U test/unpaired Student's t test as appropriate. Univariate correlations and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify variables significantly influencing birth indices. RESULTS Birth indices were comparable between male and female newborns. Females had a significantly lower SLR (p = 0.0142), a higher leptin/Ponderal index (p = 0.033) and a higher free leptin index (leptin/SLR) (p = 0.0081). Leptin and male gender positively and IGFBP-1 negatively influenced birth weight (p = 0.0005, p = 0.02, and p = 0.005, respectively) and head circumference (p = 0.0052, p = 0.0098, and p = 0.0183, respectively) when accounted for other variables. When tested in a different multiple regression model, the free leptin index positively influenced crown-heel length (p = 0.0016) in addition to birth weight (p < 0.0001) and head circumference (p = 0.0016). CONCLUSIONS In healthy full-term pregnancies, cord blood leptin and IGFBP-1 exert independent and opposing effects on fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamani H Tennekoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Lai G, Rohrmann S, Agurs-Collins T, Sutcliffe CG, Bradwin G, Rifai N, Bienstock J, Platz EA. Racial variation in umbilical cord blood leptin concentration in male babies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:665-71. [PMID: 21307303 PMCID: PMC3070060 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesize that racial differences in utero contribute to the racial disparity in prostate cancer risk. Leptin is a candidate for evaluating this hypothesis because it influences fetal development and newborn growth. METHODS We measured leptin concentration by ELISA in venous cord blood collected from 70 African-American and 37 white male full-term babies. We measured sex steroid hormones and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis concentrations previously. Separately by race, we calculated the geometric mean leptin concentration and estimated the geometric mean adjusted for birth and placental weights, mother's age and parity, time of day and season of birth, and sex steroid hormone and IGF axis concentrations by linear regression. RESULTS Leptin was positively correlated with birth (r = 0.34) and placental (r = 0.25) weights, IGF-1 (r = 0.21), and IGF binding protein-3 (r = 0.29) adjusting for race. Unadjusted geometric mean leptin did not differ (P = 0.92) between African Americans (5,280 pg/mL; 95% CI: 4,322-6,451) and whites (5,187 pg/mL; 95% CI: 3,938-6,832). Adjusted geometric mean leptin was nonstatistically significantly higher (P = 0.15) in African Americans (5,954 pg/mL; 95% CI: 4,725-7,502) than in whites (4,133 pg/mL; 95% CI: 2,890-5,910). CONCLUSION We observed a nonsignificantly higher adjusted cord blood leptin concentration in African-American male babies than in white male babies, although unadjusted levels were similar. IMPACT These findings do not support the hypothesis that leptin level in utero contributes to the racial disparity in prostate cancer risk in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Lai
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanya Agurs-Collins
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Catherine G. Sutcliffe
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gary Bradwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nader Rifai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jessica Bienstock
- Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
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Karakosta P, Chatzi L, Plana E, Margioris A, Castanas E, Kogevinas M. Leptin levels in cord blood and anthropometric measures at birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2011; 25:150-63. [PMID: 21281328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of intrauterine environment in the development of obesity is increasingly recognised. Adipokines and specifically leptin have been examined as potential biomarkers predicting early development of obesity. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence for the association between leptin levels in cord blood and anthropometric measurements at birth in healthy mother-newborn pairs. A PubMed search was performed between 1994 and 2009 and manual search of reference lists of retrieved articles. Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria set. All studies reported a positive correlation between leptin levels and birthweight. The combined correlation coefficient (r) was 0.46 [95%CI 0.43, 0.50]. Leptin levels explained 21% of variation in birthweight. Results were similar in males (r=0.55; 0.40, 0.68) and females (r=0.60; 0.50, 0.69), and between Caucasians (r=0.45; 0.39, 0.51) and eastern Asian populations (r=0.47; 0.37, 0.55). Statistically significant positive correlations were also found for birth length (r=0.29; 0.23, 0.34) and ponderal index (r=0.36; 0.31, 0.41). There was no indication of publication bias (Egger's test P-value=0.23). This meta-analysis shows a clear but moderate correlation between leptin levels in cord blood and birthweight that is observed in different population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Karakosta
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Multiple Correlations Between Cord Blood Leptin Concentration and Indices of Neonatal Growth. Arch Med Res 2010; 41:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tung WK, Lin SJ, Hwang YS, Wu CM, Wang YH, Tsai WH. Association of cord plasma leptin with birth size in term newborns. Pediatr Neonatol 2009; 50:255-60. [PMID: 20025137 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-9572(09)60073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin is secreted from adipose tissue and plays an important role in obesity. Recent studies have shown that the relationship between Leptin and body fat mass may have ethnic differences. The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship between venous umbilical cord plasma Leptin and anthropometric markers in term healthy Taiwanese newborns. METHODS Umbilical venous plasma samples were obtained from 98 term neonates (48 males and 50 females) and leptin Levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Umbilical cord plasma Levels of leptin were significantly higher in the female neonates than in males (p<0.001). The large-for-gestationaL age and appropriate-for-gestational age newborns had significantly higher Leptin cord plasma levels than the small-for-gestational age newborns (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). In both male and female neonates, umbilical Leptin Levels showed significant positive correlations with birth weight and birth Length. Multiple Linear regression analysis revealed that birth weight was the only significant predictor of umbilical cord plasma Leptin levels in both male and female neonates. However, the slopes of the regressions between Leptin and birth weight in male and female neonates were not different. CONCLUSION In Taiwanese healthy term neonates, leptin umbilical cord plasma Levels are associated with sex and birth weight of the neonate. The relationship between Leptin and birth weight may differ among different ethnic groups. These findings imply that the relationship between leptin and body fat mass may develop early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kuen Tung
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Foundation Hospital, Tainan County, Taiwan
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Troisi R, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Xu B, Chie L, Stanczyk FZ, Potischman N, Adami HO, Hoover RN, Hsieh CC. Cord serum estrogens, androgens, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in Chinese and U.S. Caucasian neonates. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:224-31. [PMID: 18199728 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Markedly lower breast cancer incidence rates in Asians than Caucasians are not explained by established adult risk factors. Migration studies suggest the importance of early-life exposures, including perhaps the in utero period. Concentrations of steroid hormones and insulin-like growth factors (IGF) were measured in umbilical cord sera from pregnancies in Shanghai, China (n = 121) and Boston, MA (n = 111). Pregnancy characteristics were ascertained by interview and medical records. Means and percent differences in hormone concentrations comparing Chinese with Caucasians and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from linear regression models. Cord concentrations of androstenedione (91.9%), testosterone (257%), estriol (48.6%), and IGF binding protein-3 (21.1%) were significantly higher in the Chinese than U.S. samples, and cord prolactin was lower (-14.9%). Cord estradiol and IGF-I concentrations did not differ by race/ethnicity. With adjustment for gestational length, maternal age, pre-pregnancy weight, and weight gain, androstenedione (60.5%), testosterone (185%), and IGF binding protein-3 (40.4%) remained significantly higher in the Chinese, whereas the higher estriol and lower prolactin concentrations were attenuated. In addition, estradiol levels became lower in the Chinese (-29.8%) but did not reach statistical significance. Results were generally similar when restricted to first full-term pregnancies, with reduced estradiol concentrations in the Chinese reaching statistical significance after adjustment. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated prenatal androgen exposure could mediate reductions in breast cancer risk. The meaning of the change in findings for estrogens after controlling for factors related to the pregnancy is unclear with regard to explaining international breast cancer differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Troisi
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Room 854, 7297 Rubin Building, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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Norata GD, Magni P, Catapano AL. Response to Letter by Kotani et al. Stroke 2008. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.107.507103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe D. Norata
- Centro SISA per lo Studio della Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Milano, Italy, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Magni
- Institute of Endocrinology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L. Catapano
- Centro SISA per lo Studio della Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Milano, Italy, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Troisi R, Potischman N, Hoover RN. Exploring the underlying hormonal mechanisms of prenatal risk factors for breast cancer: a review and commentary. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:1700-12. [PMID: 17855685 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal factors have been hypothesized to influence subsequent breast cancer development. Directly evaluating the associations of in utero exposures with risk, however, presents several methodologic and theoretical challenges, including the long induction period between exposure and disease and the lack of certainty regarding the critical timing of exposure. Indirect evaluation of these associations has been achieved by use of proxies such as gestational and neonatal characteristics. Evidence suggests that preeclampsia is associated with a reduced breast cancer risk, whereas high birth weight and dizygotic twinning seem associated with an increased risk. Asians born in Asia have substantially lower breast cancer risks than women born in the West. Although data thus far are few, what exists is not consistent with a unifying hypothesis for a particular biological exposure (such as estrogens or androgens) during pregnancy as mediating the observed associations between pregnancy factors and breast cancer risk. This suggests that additional studies of prenatal factors should seek to broaden the range of hormones, growth, and other endocrine factors that are evaluated in utero. Once candidate biomarkers are identified, assessing them with respect to breast cancer and with intermediate end points in carcinogenesis should be a priority. In addition, investigations should explore the possibility that in utero exposures may not act directly on the breast, but may alter other physiologic pathways such as hormone metabolism that have their effect on risk later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Troisi
- Room 854, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 7297 Rubin Building, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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Abstract
The early (intrauterine and neonatal) life environment plays an important role in programming the susceptibility in later life to chronic degenerative diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancer and osteoporosis. Among other hormones, leptin plays a major role in the regulation of the overall metabolism and has multiple neuroendocrine (adeno- and neuro-hypophysis axes and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis) and immune functions. The hormone exerts its actions beginning in the early life time period, regulating the intrauterine and early extrauterine life growth and development, as well as the adaptation to extrauterine life, neonatal thermogenesis and response to stress. Recent findings also support a role of leptin in the process of fetal bone remodeling and brain development. Therefore, it is of interest to explore the physiology of leptin in early life, as well as those factors that may perturb the balance of the hormone with pathological consequences in terms of confining an increased risk for disease in later life. This review aims to summarize reported findings concerning the role of leptin in early life, as well as the association of fetal, maternal and placental factors with leptin levels, while attempting to speculate mechanisms through which these factors may influence the risk for developing chronic diseases in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia-Marina Alexe
- Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Athens University School of Medicine, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Chanoine JP, Yeung LPK, Wong ACK. Umbilical cord ghrelin concentrations in Asian and Caucasian neonates. Horm Res Paediatr 2004; 60:116-20. [PMID: 12931038 DOI: 10.1159/000072522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2003] [Accepted: 05/20/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the relationship between cord plasma ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) concentrations and birth weight in Asian and Caucasian neonates. METHODS We measured umbilical cord ghrelin and GH concentrations in 180 full-term newborns [4 groups of 45 according to ethnicity (Caucasian/Asian) and sex]. RESULTS Ghrelin was detectable in all umbilical cord samples (mean +/- SD: 611 +/- 267, range 193-2,010 pg/ml). There was no significant difference in ghrelin concentrations between Asian and Caucasian male or female neonates. In contrast, GH values were significantly affected by sex (p = 0.001) and ethnicity (p = 0.006). Except for a weak (r = -0.33, p < 0.03) negative correlation between ghrelin and GH in male Caucasian neonates, ghrelin and GH concentrations were independent. CONCLUSIONS Umbilical cord concentrations of ghrelin, a potent orexigenic and GH stimulatory agent, are similar in Caucasian and Asian newborns, suggesting that ghrelin does not play a causal role in the differences in body composition and GH metabolism observed in these neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Chanoine
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
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