Effect of bladderbox alarms during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics in lambs

Cerebral aspects of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a review

BACKGROUND

Neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a lifesaving therapeutic approach in newborns suffering from severe, but potentially reversible, respiratory insufficiency, mostly complicated by neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension. However, cerebral damage, intracerebral hemorrhage as well as ischemia belong to the most devastating complications of ECMO.

OBJECTIVES

The objectives are to give insights into what is known from the literature concerning cerebral damage related to neonatal ECMO treatment for pulmonary reasons.

METHODS

A short introduction to ECMO indications and technical aspects of ECMO are provided for a better understanding of the process. The remainder of this review focuses on outcome and especially on (potential) risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage and ischemia during ECMO treatment.

RESULTS

Although neonatal ECMO treatment shows improved outcome compared to conservative treatment in cases of severe respiratory insufficiency, it is related to disturbances in various aspects of neurodevelopmental outcome. Risk factors for cerebral damage are either related to the patient's disease, EMCO treatment itself, or a combination of both.

CONCLUSION

It is of ongoing importance to further understand pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in cerebral hemorrhage and ischemia due to ECMO and to develop neuroprotective strategies and approaches.