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Neonatal Vitamin C and Cysteine Deficiencies Program Adult Hepatic Glutathione and Specific Activities of Glucokinase, Phosphofructokinase, and Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase in Guinea Pigs' Livers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060953. [PMID: 34204849 PMCID: PMC8231532 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature neonates are submitted to an early-life oxidative stress from parenteral nutrition, which is vitamin C (VC) deficient and induces low endogenous levels of glutathione. The oxidative stress caused by these deficiencies may permanently affect liver glycolysis and lipogenesis. This study evaluates the short- and long-term effects of neonatal VC and cysteine deficient diets on redox and energy metabolism. Three-day-old Hartley guinea pigs from both sexes were given a regular or a deficient diet (VC, cysteine, or both) until week 1 of life. Half of the animals were sacrificed at this age, while the other half ate a complete diet until 12 weeks. Liver glutathione and the activity and protein levels of glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, and acetyl-CoA-carboxylase were measured. Statistics: factorial ANOVA (5% threshold). At 1 week, all deficient diets decreased glutathione and the protein levels of glucokinase and phosphofructokinase, while cysteine deficiency decreased acetyl-CoA-carboxylase levels. A similar enzyme level was observed in control animals at 12 weeks. At this age, VC deficiency decreased glutathione, while cysteine increased it. Acetyl-CoA-carboxylase protein levels were increased, which decreased its specific activity. Early-life VC and cysteine deficiencies induce neonatal oxidative stress and an adult-like metabolism, while predisposing to increased lipogenic rates during adulthood.
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Neonatal parenteral nutrition affects the metabolic flow of glucose in newborn and adult male Hartley guinea pigs' liver. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:484-495. [PMID: 32741420 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extremely premature birth is associated with a permanent disruption of energy metabolism. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The oxidative stress induced by parenteral nutrition (PN) during the first week of life is suspected to reprogram energy metabolism in the liver. Full-term male Hartley guinea pigs (to isolate PN from prematurity) receiving PN enriched or not with glutathione (to isolate PN effects from PN-induced oxidative stress effects) or an Oral Nutrition (ON) during the first week of life were used. At 1 week (neonatal) and 16 weeks (adult), measurements of liver glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and activities of three key enzymes of energy metabolism (glucokinase (GCK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)) were performed. Differences between groups were reported if p ≤ 0.05 (Analysis of Variance). At 1 week, compared to ON, PN induced higher GSSG (oxidative stress), higher GCK activity, and lower PFK and ACC activity, the glutathione supplement prevented all PN effects. At 16 weeks, early PN induced lower GSSG (reductive stress) and lower GCK activity, which was prevented by added glutathione, and higher ACC activity independent of glutathione supplement. ACC was negatively associated (r2 = 0.33) with GSSG. Increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate levels confirmed the glucose-6-phosphate accumulation at 1 week, whereas our protocol failed to document lipid accumulation at 16 weeks. In adult male guinea pigs, neonatal exposure to PN affected glutathione metabolism leading to reductive stress (lower GSSG) and an altered metabolic flow of glucose. Partial prevention with glutathione supplementation suggests that, in addition to peroxides, other factors of PN are involved.
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Mungala Lengo A, Guiraut C, Mohamed I, Lavoie JC. Relationship between redox potential of glutathione and DNA methylation level in liver of newborn guinea pigs. Epigenetics 2020; 15:1348-1360. [PMID: 32594836 PMCID: PMC7678935 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1781024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of DNA methylation is reported to be sensitive to oxidant molecules or oxidative stress. Hypothesis: early-life oxidative stress characterized by the redox potential of glutathione influences the DNA methylation level. The in vivo study aimed at the impact of modulating redox potential of glutathione on DNA methylation. Newborn guinea pigs received different nutritive modalities for 4 days: oral nutrition, parenteral nutrition including lipid emulsion Intralipid (PN-IL) or SMOFLipid (PN-SF), protected or not from ambient light. Livers were collected for biochemical determinations. Redox potential (p < 0.001) and DNA methylation (p < 0.01) were higher in PN-infused animals and even higher in PN-SF. Their positive correlation was significant (r2 = 0.51; p < 0.001). Methylation activity was higher in PN groups (p < 0.01). Protein levels of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)-1 were lower in PN groups (p < 0.01) while those of both DNMT3a isoforms were increased (p < 0.01) and significantly correlated with redox potential (r2 > 0.42; p < 0.001). The ratio of SAM (substrate) to SAH (inhibitor) was positively correlated with the redox potential (r2 = 0.36; p < 0.001). In conclusion, early in life, the redox potential value strongly influences the DNA methylation metabolism, resulting in an increase of DNA methylation as a function of increased oxidative stress. These results support the notion that early-life oxidative stress can reprogram the metabolism epigenetically. This study emphasizes once again the importance of improving the quality of parenteral nutrition solutions administered early in life, especially to newborn infants. Abbreviation of Title: Parenteral nutrition and DNA methylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mungala Lengo
- Department of Nutrition, Université De Montréal, CHU Sainte-Justine , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Clémence Guiraut
- Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université De Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Nutrition, Université De Montréal, CHU Sainte-Justine , Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université De Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Lavoie
- Department of Nutrition, Université De Montréal, CHU Sainte-Justine , Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université De Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
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Lavoie JC, Chessex P. Parenteral nutrition and oxidant stress in the newborn: A narrative review. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 142:155-167. [PMID: 30807828 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is strong evidence that oxidant molecules from various sources contaminate solutions of parenteral nutrition following interactions between the mixture of nutrients and some of the environmental conditions encountered in clinical practice. The continuous infusion of these organic and nonorganic peroxides provided us with a unique opportunity to study in cells, in vascular and animal models, the mechanisms involved in the deleterious reactions of oxidation in premature infants. Potential clinical impacts of peroxides infused with TPN include: a redox imbalance, vasoactive responses, thrombosis of intravenous catheters, TPN-related hepatobiliary complications, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and mortality. This is a narrative review of published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Lavoie
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Ste-Justine, Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Chessex
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's and Women's Health Center of British Columbia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Nuyt AM, Lavoie JC, Mohamed I, Paquette K, Luu TM. Adult Consequences of Extremely Preterm Birth: Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Prevention Avenues. Clin Perinatol 2017; 44:315-332. [PMID: 28477663 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Extremely preterm babies are exposed to various sources of injury during critical stages of development. The extremely preterm infant faces premature transition to ex utero physiology and undergoes adaptive mechanisms that may be deleterious in the long term because of permanent alterations in organ structure and function. Perinatal events can also directly cause structural injury. These disturbances induce morphologic and functional changes in their organ systems that might heighten their risks for later adult chronic diseases. This review examines the pathophysiology of programming of long-term health and diseases after preterm birth and associated perinatal risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Monique Nuyt
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, 3175 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Jean-Claude Lavoie
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, 3175 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, 3175 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Mohamed
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, 3175 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Katryn Paquette
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, 3175 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Thuy Mai Luu
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, 3175 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
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Chessex P, Laborie S, Nasef N, Masse B, Lavoie JC. Shielding Parenteral Nutrition From Light Improves Survival Rate in Premature Infants. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 41:378-383. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607115606407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Chessex
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s and Women’s Health Centre of BC, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sophie Laborie
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
| | - Nehad Nasef
- Mansoura University Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Benoit Masse
- Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Lavoie
- Departments of Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Mohamed I, Elremaly W, Rouleau T, Lavoie JC. Oxygen and parenteral nutrition two main oxidants for extremely preterm infants: 'It all adds up'. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2016; 8:189-97. [PMID: 26485550 DOI: 10.3233/npm-15814091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of early exposure to O2 and parenteral nutrition (PN) on oxidative stress at 36 weeks post-menstrual age (PMA) and on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN A prospective observational study including 116 infants <29 weeks of gestation. Baseline clinical characteristics, FiO2 on day 7, duration of PN and clinical outcomes data were collected. In 39 infants, whole blood glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) at 36 weeks PMA were measured and the redox potential was calculated using Nernst equation. Student's t-test, Chi-square, Spearman correlation, ANOVA, and logistic regression analyses were used as appropriate. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS FiO2 ≥25% was associated with higher level of GSSG (0.29 ± 0.04 versus 0.18 ± 0.02 nmol/mg of protein), a more oxidized redox potential (-191 ± 2 versus -198 ± 2 mV) and more BPD (90% versus 45%). PN duration >14 days was also associated with higher level of GSSG (0.26 ± 0.03 versus 0.13 ± 0.02 nmol/mg of protein), a more oxidized redox potential (-193 ± 5 versus -203 ± 2 mV) and more BPD (89% versus 24%). In logistic regression model, each 1% increase in FiO2 and each day increase in PN duration resulted in an increase in the OR for BPD by 1.57 (1.09 -2.28) and 1.17 (1.03 -1.33) respectively. CONCLUSION Early O2 supplement and PN have additive effects that were associated with prolonged oxidative stress and increased risk of BPD. Strategies targeting judicious use of O2 and decreasing the duration or developing a safer formulation of PN can be targeted to decrease BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - W Elremaly
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - T Rouleau
- Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - J-C Lavoie
- Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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Sutherland MR, Bertagnolli M, Lukaszewski MA, Huyard F, Yzydorczyk C, Luu TM, Nuyt AM. Preterm Birth and Hypertension Risk. Hypertension 2014; 63:12-8. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Sutherland
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariane Bertagnolli
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Amélie Lukaszewski
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fanny Huyard
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Yzydorczyk
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thuy Mai Luu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne Monique Nuyt
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is associated with animals with low glucose tolerance, body weight, and physical activity at adulthood. The early life origin of adult metabolic perturbations suggests a reprogramming of metabolism following epigenetic modifications induced by a change in the pattern of DNA expression. We hypothesized that peroxides contaminating TPN inhibit the activity of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), leading to a modified DNA methylation state. METHODS Three groups of 3-d-old guinea pigs with catheters in their jugular veins were compared: (i) control: enterally fed with regular chow; (ii) TPN: fed exclusively with TPN (dextrose, amino acids, lipids, multivitamins, contaminated with 350 ± 29 μmol/l peroxides); (iii) H2O2: control + 350 μmol/l H2O2 intravenously. After 4 d, infusions were stopped and animals enterally fed. Half the animals were killed immediately after treatments and half were killed 8 wk later (n = 4-6 per group) for hepatic determination of DNMT activities and of 5'-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5MedCyd) levels, a marker of DNA methylation. RESULTS At 1 wk, DNMT and 5MedCyd were lower in the TPN and H2O2 groups as compared with controls. At 9 wk, DNMT remained lower in the TPN group, whereas 5MedCyd was lower in the TPN and H2O2 groups. CONCLUSION Administration of TPN or H2O2 early in life in guinea pigs induces a sustained hypomethylation of DNA following inhibition of DNMT activity.
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